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eer & 
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no eee 


ol noe 


3 


a Pe JANUARY, 1906. 


— BNTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 


“i 


Vol. XVII. No. 1. 


x , Limnophila aspidoptera Coquillett. 

a 

; EDITOR: 

Bey HENRY SKINNER, M. D. 

R PHILIP P. CALVERT, Ph.D., Associate Editor. 

er 

| o ADvIsoRY COMMITTEE: 

®ZRA T. CRESSON. HENRY L. VIERECK. J. A. G. REHN. 
5 PHILIP LAURENT. WILLIAM J. FOx. CHARLES W. JOHNSON. 
PHILADELPHIA: 

q ‘J ENTOMOLOGICAL ROOMS oF 

| THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, 

q LOGAN SQUARE. 


Entered at the Philadelphia Post-Office as Second-Class Matter. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 


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COLEOPTERA 


Revision of the Ptinidz of Boreal America, by H. C. Fall. 200 pp., 1 pl 
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HYMENOPTERA 


Notes on Some Bees in the British Museum, by T. D. A. Cockerell. 

56 pp. (Transp 1905): 6 ait Ns ans Sah ly oe oa -50 
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ertson:. 8 pp. (Tras... 1908) e205 heaven ee ee 10 
Descriptions of new species of Neotropical Hymenoptera; Descriptions 

of four new species of Odynerus from Mexico, by P. Cameron 19 


pp { ftans., 1908) 6a ec Sst ee a 20 
oS Se OR 
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by R. E. Snodgrass. 11 pp., 1 pl. (Trans. 1905) ...,...-. «AOD 


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: pe 


= Bntomological News 


PROCEEDINGS 


ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION 


OF THE 


Academy of Natural Sciences 
of Philadelphia. 


VOLUME XVII, 1906. 


EDITOR ; 
HENRY SKINNER, M.D. 
PHILIP P. CALVERT, Ph.D., Associate Editor. 


ADVISORY COMMITTEE: 


EZRA T. CRESSON HENRY L. VIERECK J. A. G. REHN 
PHILIP LAURENT WILLIAM J. Fox CHARLES W. JOHNSON 
PHILADELPHIA : 


ENTOMOLOGICAL ROOMS OF 
THE ACADEMY OF NaTURAL SCIENCES, |5 it} | 
LOGAN SQUARE. - 


1906. 


tie 
wee 


He ened 


California 


INDEX TO VOL. XVII. 


(Notes and articles on geographical distribution are indexed under the names of the 
States or countries concerned, and NOT under the species listed therein, except in the case 
of new or redescribed species. New generic and specific names are marked with a ,.) 


GENERAL SUBJECTS. 
Academy of Natural Sciences 
of Phila., Entom. Section 
of, 102, 182, 183. 


Alpine region of Mt. Wash- 


ington, Insects of......... 
American Entomol. Society, 
IOI, 103, 184, 185, 220. 
American Mosquito Extermi- 
nation Society, 15, 60. 
Announcement of changes in 
MPEGS 8g dw ee eee 


- Antedating publications, 181, 


224, 264. 
Association of Economic En- 
tomologists, 100, 399. 
Berlese’s apparatus for col- 
lecting small Arthropods, 
49, 182. is 
Berlese’s Gli Insetti.......... 
Blind beetles, 76, 105. 
British Columbia Entom. So- 
ccc tess 
Brooklyn Entom. Society, 36, 
141, 267. 
Academy of 
Science, Ruins of.......... 
Chiggers, Remedy for ...... 
Cotton Belt, Association of 
Official Entomologists of... 
Earthquake and fire in Cali- 
fornia, 222, 261. 


- Economic Entomology, Value 


See SOL pa datieie bias 0 s.0 
Editorials, 29, 68, 100, 140, 180, 
221, 261, 308, 346, 308. 
Emergency case in insect arch- 
RS 
Entomological literature, 262, 
263, 309, 400. 


323 


308 


402 


221 


187 
399 


347 


140 


139 


' Entomological Society of 
America, 352, 354. 

_ Explanation of Terms used in 
Entomology, Smith’s ...... 309 

Feldman Collecting Social, 37, 
70, 102, 185, 186, 265, 311, 
403. 

Field mice destroying insects. 102 


_ Floor maggot, Congo........ 64 
_ Folsom’s Entomology ....... 262 
Formaldehyde as an_insecti- 
CHA seer is oa eno 130 
Faunal relations of west coast 
of North America ......... 227 
Geographical. races.~......... 43 
Griffon vulture, Biting louse 
BOM: od. iu womens 62 


Hasty publication, 32, 181, 224, 
264. 


| Hawaiian Entom. Society.... 225 


Hybrid larve of moths...... 396 

Deeect SMe ee ins hiro t hchicce bo 34 

Kansas University Collection 348 

Letters to Editors, 15, 32, 60. 

Male moth largely colored 
Sm SEINE. Fee's Wis +c I4I 

Malpighian tube within the 
heart, 113, 179. 


Medical entomology ......... 180 
Method of preparing wings for 
SE I ie... 218 
Mexico,. Collecting in, 26, 399. 
Ns 5 ee ea 103 
Mosquito extermination ..... 36 
Newark Entom. Society...... 35 
Newspaper entomology, 35, 
311, 307. 


Number of eggs of insects.... 368 


W\ 


ii INDEX. 


Obituary : 
Gia ipa aaa 230 
Osten Sacken, C. R... 
209, 273 


Ohio University Lake Labora- 


Mae ee ss soe cap 122 
Pacific Coast Entom. Society, 
104, 105, 226. 
Pennsylyania Board of Agric., 
Entomologists to .......... 311 
Pennsylvania Insects, Data 
RMRERE WOE). 5 oak wo Saw d Shae 230 
Pennsylvania Mountains, Col- 
lecting in, 263, 312. 
Personals: 
Bethune, -C: ‘J. S... iy, 220 
Calvert, Pa Paes 309, 399 
Coquillett, D. W...224, 264 
Cotten, Bott. eee . 309 
yar, 20) as oe eee 
II5, 224, 264, 300 
Mitcook: 13\C... . eee 225 
Mueschen, K........... 309 
Pore, 0. Goo5). . aeees 309 
CT Beg Be ae © sper a ++ 322 
Skinner, H.. rot Oe 
Slosson, hice. x T., . 181 
ees FS Tes ins Pee 309 
SST TEs ge co wees 300 
Van: Duzee, ES Pst II2z 
MV tereck. FEB. SS es 150 
Willing, T.-N.isvi 0.5 3909 
Plants: 
Asclepias, Pollen of 
borne by butterflies.. 268 
Chestnut worms....... 311 
Corn, Insect injury to 
311, 361 
Date palms, Strategus 
Ute os eS AL 34 
Gooseberries, Aphid at- 
tackitig i ones. 1adenne SO 
Grain injured by chinch 
WAGE icy Sein Watley bia esa 301 
S5reatl MtRO iho) so ee 327 


Grape-foliage, Beetle in- 


RE 2 i's 0.0 5 2b 212 
Huckleberries injured 

-by Rhagoletis ....... 37 
LOCust  BOreTE ne a. cis 404 
Maples, Insect injury 

tO” sucess een 313, 317 
Oats, Aphid Os 5 a eae 290 
Peach-foliage, Weevil 

injuring .......seeme » 210 
Rosin-tubes, Insect 

from. ......+s055nneee 403 
Scarlet sage defoliated 

by Aleurodes........ 403 
Scleroderma, Beetle lar- 

es RE Re eg 115 


Popular ignorance of insects. 346 
Preservation of related spe- 
cies, A factor mm... iacueee 146 
Progression, Ways of........ I 
Pronunciation of entomologi- 


cal names... 2; <.. <0<s See 367 
Protective coloring ......... 403 
Rock-horing mite ........... 193 
San Francisco entomological 

collections, etc., destroyed 

Py Wire: oot eae 222, 261 


Say, Remains of Thomas.... 248 
Stanford University, Injury to 222 
Temperature effects on mos- 
guitoes, Low .. «4.0.05 sana 216 
Trypanosomiasis, Fly dissem- 
inating 
Types, To lessen chances of 


destruction of |. 2c). 7s 261 
WER sive tn cen eee 117 
Winter insects of Texas..... 154 

ARACHNIDA. 
Leptus: irritans ..cée.. cae we 3909 
New Hampshire, A. of...... 326 
New York, A. Of)... 194 
Ohio, A. of... <3. Jane 3990 
Rock-boring mite............ 193 


Scutovertex petrophagus*.... 194 
Washington, A. of........... 350 


Arizona, C. of.... 
“Blapstinus spp............... 104 


INDEX. iii 


| COLEOPTERA. 

Aglyptinus* ies Oa 240 
Agrilus lucanus*............. 167 
MEUMOROMIG™ ............-2% 241 
ere 241 


memmayewnetulus*® 2.0.2... 6. oe 242 
British Columbia, C. of...... 164 


e Caeniella* PPT Ga rnemraters 242 
Me acnocara oculata ........... 114 


California, C. of. .71, 104, 105, 106, 
162, 164, 226, 228, 393, 394. 


Cantharis pilsbryi*........... 217 
Cicindela, eaapits Of......... 338 
+ tranquebarica. . 43 
¢ nemodinus* oe Sesh eee 242 
Corthylus punctatissimus..... 37 
Dasyies shastensis*® .......... 75 
CHM ST. 6 oo ase elec aaa 74 
Rrememere. ©. Of.5. 6. 6 0ideden II5 
Diabrotica, 12-punctata....... 213 
EY a ee ae 241 
Epicaerus imbricatus......... 212 
os ja alee Aca Witaeteei ss xs 76 
nunenmacheri*... 78 
Bedesmutae i.’ tegmmel aay was ' 241 
Eupsophuls* ..........0...2 242 
Eurypodea frederick Per ts 400° 
’ Bustromulgme............... 242 
Pidta -COMMPEREOT oe ee ee cee. 212 
Geographical races of Cicin- 
dela (ue Sa 43 
Georgia, €.-ef........ 38, 165, 186 
CVrinns Paros)... ........ 228 
_ Helopeltina*. ............ 240, 349 
PICMONMMIT PE ele... ke ee 243° 
Hippodamia americana and 
Suda? oe... ..... 104 
Lathrotropis caseyi* ........ 71 
__ Leptura, Distribution of...... 227 
Louisiana, CU ie ws ee 165 


ower California, C. of...167, 168 
Mastogenius impressipennis*. 167 


Myrmecophilous C.......... 26 
New Hampshire, C. of....... 324 
New Jersey, C. of......... 38, 267 
New Mexico, C. of....... 163, 329 
North Carolina, C. of..... 85, 186 
Omileus epicaeroides ....... 210 
Omiits: SPP Wigs take oak eects 104, 185 
Pachyscelus purpureus........ 404 
Parahornia® waa saa ces 349 
Felatines*  .. seater sees 240 
Pennsylvania, C. of..186, 266, 403, 

*404. 
Phoenicobsella*® onc oe Veeas caine 243 
Platycerus opacus* ........4:, 393 
Pleocoma hoppingi* ......... 304 
Police stdscs sae hiena cba en es 166 
Preoccupied generic names in 

Coit. cehwccue 240, 310, 349, 307 
Co, Cy eater Calls alate Io! 
FERYPOGUINE* |: is noe Sec tee 243 
Strategus julianus ........... 34 
Tenebrionid, Blind ......... 76 
Texas, GC. Of. .10; 155;.. 210, 2i2, 

Ste, 36% G 
Trachykele nimbosa*......... 164 

6 opulenta* ....... 162 
% We aN ay oe 160 
TIP IMIES ES oak Ce ss const 243 
wrenerteiay CV OLS ec. Cece sess 400 
Washington, C. of........ 106, 163 
Wingless beetles .........210, 212 
WONGSTOMIELIA® Co asian ys 243 
DIPTERA. 

AMODRELEE ovo oF 4s 6g 59 280, 380 
Aucheromyia luteola ........ 64 


Biting Leptid at high altitude 183 
California, D. of...107, 109, 127, 
226, 371, 375. 
oS EE SA ED 123, 226 
ah IMSUZNMIS® 2... ee eees 126 
Chersodromia (Stilpon) houg- 
ie ie w'gs cs 8 370 
Chrysops...... 37, 39, IOI, 312, 404 
Collecting and mounting D... 226 


iv INDEX. 
Columbia, D. of District of... 244 | Tabanus subniger* .......... 48 
Congo floor maggot......... 64 '| Tanypus dyari............. 244 
Corethrella appendiculata*.... 343 | Temperature, Effects of low 
Culex lativittatus* ........... 109 on mosquitoes ............ 216 
“" spp..4, 36, 107, 100, 214, 270, '| Thinodromia®™. 7. )......... 370 
282, 360, 380. 4 inchoata* .... 370 
Cuterebra cyanella* ......... 391 || Toreus* ... 72) ies see 
a NT ae aaa 302 | Tse-tse fly .... 7 eee 294 
Egg-laying of Culex...4, 214, 215, | Washington, D. -of.......... 375 
282, 360. West Africa, D. of.. ee 204 
Empidide, Genera of........ 370 
Eye-maculation of Chrysops. 39 HEMIPTERA. 
GLOSSING 6... GV pea | ee Roo | Aleyrodes........:: 50m 127, 403 
i palpalis wellmani... 294 | Alydus setosus* ............ 386 
illinois, D. Of V0 ange 4 wanes fristic......... oc soe 383 
Jamaica 3D, (obs. ose aa eee 343 | Aphis houghtonensis* ....... 50 
Janthinosoma musica ....... 350 4 Peguatie Foo. s 545 arco 54 
Limnophila aspidoptera ...... 29 | Arilus cristatus ........ ey eS 6 
Minnesota, Washburn’s D, of Arizona, H. of..384, 385, 387, 391 
400, 293 | Blissus leucopterus .......... 361 
Mississippi mosquitoes ...... 69 | British Columbia, H. of...388, 380 
Mosquito survey of Pennsyl- California, “HH. -of/3.. 208 385, 387 
VARIA ee ee es a 1so | Chinch bug’. ......,. 4.0 eee 361 
Mydas fulvifrons and chrysos- Cicada fulvula* ....... Pu, aes 322 
POW ee cea ee es <a 347, 404 i 31) ee sy 237, 321 
Nebraska, D: of... .5.. s. 261 | Colorado,. H. of: :).4;,geeee ge 
New Hampshire, D. of....37, 325 | Columbia, H. of District of.. 322 
New. Jersey, D. of....36, 37, tot, | Connecticut, H. of. ...,2350mm 127 
266, 312, 347, 404. Costa Rica, H,:of...\. unos 54 
New Mexico, D. of........ 29, 373 | Diaspis pentagona, Parasites 
North Carolina, D. of..82, 83, 85 OF ee ee 291 
‘Parathalassius aldrichi* ..... 374 | Eremocoris obscurus* ....... 388 
¥ candidatus*... 375 | Feeding, Method of in H..... 382 
Pelastoneurus nigrescens..... 65 4 Paorida, hl. of... 4.4. eee 322 
Pennsylvania, D. of. /186, 214, 270, || Georgia, H. of...........ss0 382 
350, 380, 404. Germany, Aphid from........ 290 
PV OPA ES er. Gales Cuan e gale 374 '\|, Tinos, H. of... ....scpeeeee 368 
ig claripennis* ...... 374 1 Indiana, H. of..... i sae 50, 322 
Reduction of wings.......... "371 |-Jalysus wickhami* .......0+.- 387 
Rhabdophaga rigidae ........ 3906 | Japan, H. of... ... eae 205, 335 
Rhagas mabelae ............. 378 || Java, H. of... ee 207 
Rhicnoessa albula ........... 403 | Leptoglossus phyllopus ...... 382 
Song of mosquitoes.......... 380 | Macrosiphum granarta...290, 327 
Staten Island, Do of. ......... 36 | Maryland) Bio @ioeeeemees ss. 6 
Sym allophthalmus ......... 372 | Montana, “Ee Geseneaes sss. 387 


Nartia snowt* 260. ..06...... 384 
| ae 384, 385, 386 

PP IINIPONE® eek... 385 
Row Hampshire, H. of...... 326 
New Jetsey, H. of........... 239 
_ New York, H. of......... 239, 390 
Nipponaphis* .............4. 205 
5. a distychi* ...... 205 
Meta) FL. Of. eho eed eek 322 
Pemphigus oestlundi*........ 34 
_ Peritrechus fishist we 388 
- Pulvinaria innumerabilis..... 368 


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HYMENOPTERA. 


Ablerus clisiocampeae........ 292 

Ancistromma bruneri* ...... 248 

ae a sericifrons*.... 247 

Anoplius humilis* ........... 304 

Ant, New fossil ............ 27 

Ants, Tropical, in U. S.....23, 265 

‘= Anusia xerophila* ........... 61 
a Architecture of Vespa in 

‘a emergency. j06 20 .ides.. 139, 267 

me Argentina, H. of............ 58 

Pe Bambus nests... 50066666. 5 183 

& GRUPO CANA. 20. cues cssevess: 57 

tf Fe iene? albicollis* 87 

‘a Cerceris deserta ............. 307 

e: OS RS ees ee 121 


INDEX. 


Vv 
Colletes birkmanni* ......... 259 
. crawfordi* ......... 257 
Kc NOSPEVIUS® 66 si, oe oss 257 
) LGCUSHIS® ei vic oss 258 
ok pleuralis*® ......... 259 
Colorado, FigiGiteudin «cs. 28, 220 
Columbia, H. of District of 
292, 307 
Compertella® : a seeeate ys < + 0 121 
ms bifasctata* ...... 122 
Connecticut, H. of...302, 313, 307 
Delaware, He OB2g5632 bei: +: 307 
Digger bees, Nests of....229, 266 
Eulophus guttiventris*........ 305 
| Halictus swenki® .......04. 275 
Hive bees in. cityiwiscd<acwans 142 
ilinois, Ti OFF, ec: 7, 151, 249, 292 
Mcanaas, 3, GAG. cis <a. ae 04 
Metopius harbecki* ......... 150 
Michiwanai Fi. (Ob: ise oe ces «. 259 
MAS6OUCRE EA) OF 6 oye sae 292 
Bentana sb. OF. co. s sack eae 259 
Nebraska, H. of......... 246, 275 
New Hampshire, H. of...... 323 
Néw Jersey, Ti. Of: oso cieaeas 182 
Odontophyes ferruginea*..... 04 


Odynerus (Ancistrocerus) wal- 
MENU weet a eee ak cas 304, 350 

Parasitic H....7, 61, 94, I2I, 150, 
I5I, 249, 201, 505, 320. 


Pennsylvania, H. of.......... 150 
Perisopterus pulchellus....... 292 
Pere Hitec... capes 58 
Ponera hendersoni* ..-....... 28 
Priophorus acericaulis........ 313 
Prospalta berlesei* ......... 292 
= murtfeldtti ......... 292 
Pteronus arapahonum*....... 220 
Rhode Island, H. of......... 202 
Tachysphex punctulatus*..... 246 
exes, Fl. "Obs,.¢<5% 61, 155, 257, 260 
Tiphia brunneticornis* ....... 303 
a CRVERIA™ oie. ees 303, 350 

4 OR We ae cays. 304 

be waldenit* ........ 302, 350 
BOIDG OOD. SEER otis ees 182 
Washington, H. of........... 257 


vi INDEX. 


LEPIDOPTERA. 
Pe EY ae) EAS) So en eae 379 
Apantesis oithona ........-+. 37 | 
Apatela funeralis ..........4. 69 
Argynnis idalia ........... 35, 141 


Arizona, L. of..95, 96, 98, 99, 101, 
188, 289, 349, 379. 


Attacus cecropia ........ 368, 395 
promethea .......0... 396 
Behr s types Or 1k, a 3k. 66s ee 261 


California, L. of..98, 105, 106, 183, 
188, 226, 347, 349. 


anata: LL. ates seas 379 
Carystus richardi* .......... 201 
Catocale in daylight......... 231 
Catopsilia philea ............ 104 
CpPOstOING?.<. Go oandsin ss Ne 96 
- “BRD. RETHL The 97, 98 
Charis. suapure™® .o.. 06. ete 199 


Cocoons of hybrid larve. .395, 396 
‘s “ Telea polyphemus 
33, 112, 177, 225 


Colorado, 1... 08 0 Sea 204 | 
Cannecticut) 1..0f: 3956.0 Aes 70 
Cosmosoma rubrigutta*® ...... 96 
CHMOIIMUE Eso Ss ket < Oe 305 
Dryocampa rubicunda ....... 306 | 
PaAriy air tates oss tun 70, 103 
LC CO MBB icin on annie s cts » pans te 305 © 
Bees: Rklagesit®::. soo ias esas 195 
Erannis tiltarta ......0.0000% 37 
Eubaphe ostenta ............ IOI 
Fuclea dolliana sos as ee 392 
Eupithecia helena* .......... IQI 


Euproctis chrysorrhoea, Over- 
wintering European nests 


OR awe oe r basher elves spe aol IOI 
Euselasia tyson?® ........... 199 
Evetria comstockiana ....... 403 
Fae Ss a arcaca gh ces 305 
CCID, Ta. HOE oan Sates si 104 
Harrisimemna trisignata..... 21 
Heliconius charitonius........ 34 
Hemzileuca budleyt .......... 305 


Hesperidae, Dyar’s review of 
110, 142, 309 
Hydriomena magnificata*..... 189 
94 multipunctata*.. 188 


Hyperchina 40... 22) .aseeee I4I 
Illinois, Li. Of. o.4: eee 368 
Ithomia hamlini* ........... 196 
Kansas, L. ‘Ofaieseee ogee 34. 
| Lemonias larvee .....+-s+e00. 140 
Long Island, L. of.... c5aeee 37 
Loxoterma*. ......03-+5nen 305 
Macaria quadrifasciata* ..... 190 
Melamaca virgata*....... 188, 349 
Melamaea ee 349 
Melitaea chalcedon .......... 105 
Methonella carveri* ......... 200 
Missouri, lL. OF; +05 ae ee 231 
Monoleuca spadicis* ..... 289, 392 
Montana, Elrod’s L. of..229, 263 
New. Hampshire, L. of....... 323 
New - York, - da. of Sree 21, 37, 69 
North Carolitia;-D.of .. scceae 84 
Nymphidium quinont* ....... 201 ~ 
Ohio, °L. :.08. $334 si50 eee 31, 70 
Ophisma tropicalis ........4. 213 
Pamphila bobae* .........+- 203 
“ brooksti* 0. ages 204 
* Sop. [st ebeae 70, 150, 185 


Papilios, Rothschild and Jor- 
dan’s Revision of the Amer- 
ican 

Papilio rutulus arcticus*..... 379 

Pennsylvania, L. of....37, 70, 99, 
103, 213, 220, 404. 


Phyllocnistis vitigenella ..... 70 
Pollen borne by L........... 208 
Pyrgus centaureae........ 99, 280 
2 occidentalis* ....... 96 
° SPP... ss.) + 277 
Pseudorthosia variabilis var. 
pallidior® |... ssn pros ed 
Pythonides hoyti* .......+--- 202 
Rhescipha snowi* ......-+.-- 95 


Ruscino antda® <.ccxsssveeses 95 


coy wi... 308 


INDEX. 


| Venation OE Nee ora oe 


Borneo, O. Obes hes 


Heeolombia, gt fare 


Vii 


New Hampshire, N. of....... 326 
New Jersey, Odonata of...... 104 
New Mexico, Odonata of.... 351 
Nomenclature of N. Amer. 
CHIGHAUR ys esos ks. 
North Carolina, Odonata of.. 
gl. 
Plathemis subornata ... 
Somatochlora spp............ 
Termopsis laticeps*® ......... 
mens, TE OOEs eek AOR 


30 
81, 


351 
136 
337 
169 
116 


of eee 


ORTHOPTERA. 


Me ict Lupe y ee eave foe 

. “OTENOSUS® . ieee 
Manphibotetux®. ci. vcs Cees. 
- a longipes*®.....: 
Anomalous position of Mal-. 
Sspighian tube ....:.....113, 
merisona, Chobe. a a as 


aautolyca doylet® .. 2... se. e 


meaeil: OOF al. cecal 
Conocephalus lyristes and ne- 
DrascensSis ..ccccceceeee ++» 306 
Costa Rica, O. Of ..<.. <0. <5. 904 
Dictyophorus reticulatus...... 229 
Eotettix hebardi* ........... 235 
Georgia, O. Of.......+.++++++ 234 
Panis, Cs Ofc ic Ccsits wx eo 0 RBS 
Length of life of O.......... 229 
Lichenochrus decidus* ..:... 204 
i marmoratus.... 204 
Maryland, O. of........+.+++ 366 
Melanophus scudderi texensis* 158 
Mesochlora unicolor*®* ....... 157 
Myrmecophilous O..........- 26 
Nemobius funeralis* ........ 159 
New Jersey, O. of.....-...++ 366 


North Carolina, O. of........ 85 
Pennsylvania, O. of......- .. 102 
Per, 0.) Of... sss: . .89, 90, OI 


Platybothrus alticola® .....+: 284 


Vili 
PIGIVGIEE Toes ook ska ee ds 88 
a reticulatus* .... .88 
Stagmomantis spp............ 229 
DIOP OOrSNST os. Se ase 90 
if extenuatus* .... QI 
Taxiarchus paraensis® ...... 332 
Tenodera sinensis... .102, 311, 403 
MOMS MA WEA 63) Sate dees ss 156 
PHILONOFEMOTAT iy 89 
is fossulatus* ... 89 
Bau WC OF ae oui aa wes 284 
AUTHORS. 
Aldrich: 9." Mb ta wens 5 123, 269 
Banks, Nii es hin 174, 193, 336 
Bergroth, Foss. A 335, 350 
Blaisdell, F. E..71, 106, 107, 228 
Bridwell, J: SO20545 3. gies 94 
Brimley; °C: Siac. See 81, OI 
Britton, Ws Sts ae 127, 313 
Brooks, Pek. 6. cer. SB 310 
Brues.- Geils oss ees. Rae 61 
Puchhos. OO. o.isv<.6) See 36 
Bueno; J. °R. de la: T. : Saud I, 54 
Buse MAL cea. Oe.55 305 


Calvert, P. P..31, 99, 148, 179, 263, 
347 and Index. 


Caudell: (Av ON. dei es 192 
Charnon, ts. eins fe ee IOI 
Champion, Ge Cis seis: oe 182 


Cockerell, T. D. A....27, 34, 204, 
220, 240, 349, 397, 308. 


Os Ts Pees Sees eee 99 
Coolidge, Cio: 62a. Gh vee 140, 263 
Coquillett, D. W...... 48, 109, 224 
Crawtord 3 Css os a 275 
Daccke: Boyer e ei 30, 347 
Davis, 3.54: ees Bea. 368 
BaVis, AV Liles pasta eueys 237 
ary Ces ea 350, 399 
fopee TG: Fiance 32, 60, 264 
iy) Pa ¢ ie Cea Rig tne eis 160, 303 
PONVES, Aewca ca ys eos oo whee 310 
Rie OeS WE. HE. CIs cs vcs oe a o's 225 


tant, As aie skis ss. 6, 305, 382 


INDEX. - 


Gta bin, 00 ect c ak 343 

Grossheck,. J. Ags 289, 392 

Haimbach, F..38, 70, 102, 186, 266, 
267, 403, 404. 


Hancock, J) Lovaites eee 86, 253 
Hart,. C. Ajceo a 154 
Herrick, G-W. Aaa 6 
Holland, W. J.... 32a 34 
Houghton, C:;-O.. 2.0. 114 
Howard, L. O.49, 101, 121, 291, 402 
Johnson, C. W.... “ooggeee 273 
Johnson, S. A’... ...) sae 139 
Jones, P.. R......., 391 . 
Toutel, L...H. 2: ccee pee 237 
Kellogg, V. -T.....459eee 62, 222 
mRnaus, Wi. .3. so .0seeeee 329 
Kuschel, Riv.) «3 +23 ieee 112 
Kunze,.R. E.. <....'ssseoneee 177 
McClendon, J. F...26, 93, 117, 169 
Melander, <A. Li... 2.3 370 
Mitchell, E.G...) 2s.gaeeee 244 
Miller, Nica... 455 eee 357 
Moore, R.) Mi. vee. eee 338 
Nason, W. Assia Js 7, \18l, 240 
Newcomer, -E: J. /..4 000 348 
Osborn, H.is.3530e eee 321 
Pearsall, Ru. P4036 eee 21 
Pearson,..A. | W.i.. ces 70 
Pergande, Ti0.::<34.peee 205 
Pilate, G. ‘Ri .is35eeeee eee 31 
Quayle, H. J)... Ae 4 
Rehn, J. A. G..183, 204, 284, 332. 
366. | 
Riley, W..A..... 390050) See 113 
Rowley, R. R.v ae 175, 231 
Sanborn, C. FE. ..3..s20 eee 290 
Sanderson, E. D..... 210, 327, 361 
Sherman, F., Jr. eee 32 


Skinner, H., 29, 33, 68, 95, 100, IoT, 
102, 103, 104, 110, I40, 142, 150, 
180, 181, 182, 184, 185, 186, 213, 
221, 229, 261, 277, 278, 283, 346, 


350, 379, 398, 401. 
Slingerland; Mi'Winei ass te 130 


Slosson, A. Tite ese aes 323 


eur 57; 240 
+33, 395 
I0o 


} 1x 


eee eevee, Po... 224 
Wieteem, the 2.2.6... .. .302, 307 
Weber, 5. BE. .2.....:214, 270, 380 
MPM A Nees rw eS. . .37, 142 
Wien, Gees eo Fis. 105 
We ta aa, oss a es QI 
Weltnan, Fo Clo. :...-2. 64; 204 
Wheeler, W. M.......23, 60, 265 
Wackham, 1. Poise... <3 
Williamson, E. B., 133, 143, 150, 
213, 248, 351. 
Wright, W. G............187, 225 


aan 


ae th 
i 


te Kote ORE 
he 
ib Bea reek rs 


Weeks—Letter to the Editors............ 15 
Pearsall—Harrisimemna trisignata Walk.21 
Wheeler—On certain tropical ants intro- 


duced into the United States .... ... 23 
McClendon—Notes on collecting in Mex- 

ROO ss vat epeh gags hock eS MaNe eee oe daa’ 2 26 
Cockerell—A new fossil ant ...... BERR Dy 
DMRS: 6 ote s'4 so vis ec haw SON cad oe Seas 29 


fons the News published a brief note 
: nee. and Belostoma, and i in March (p. 


oy Notonectide is too well known to 
In Notonecta (irrorata, un- 


2 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Jan., ’06 


tim), the third pair of. pedes only are natatorial and the tibiz 
and tarsi are heavily fringed with long hairs. The legs are 
moved simultaneously and quite rapidly in powerful backward 
strokes, the fringing cilia expanding on the propulsive and 
closing on the return stroke. Vea agrees with the larger 
Notonectids in the position and method, but the stroke is 
quicker and more clipping and the tibiz and tarsi are very 
sparingly provided with short hairs. On land, both WVotonecta 
and Buenoa move very awkwardly. When first put on any 
surface they jump about and move the third pair of legs des- 
perately with the swimming motion, but as soon as they get 
their bearings, they begin to crawl rather slowly and painfully 
by means of the first and second pairs of pedes. /lea, on the 
other hand, can very frequently be seen creeping among the 
water plants in which it hides, and at other times it moves 
along the surface film, actually walking suspended from it, 
back down of course. On land it walks, using all three pairs 
of pedes. 

Corixa swims using both the pedes of the third pair simul- 
taneously, as in /Vofonecta, and the position in the water is 
back up. On land, it jumps and skips about, the first and 
third pairs of legs being quite specialized and only the second 
ambulatorial, which naturally prevents the bug from walking. 

In the Belostomatide I have been unable to make fresh ob- 
servations on Benacus and Amorgius (=Belostoma, olim), but 
having had a number of Belostoma (Zaitha) fluminea in my 
aquaria at various times, I have been able to study this last 
species with care and to repeat my observations several times. 
Benacus I have never seen in the water. Of Amorgius obscurum 
Dufour I have had several nymphs which were brought to 
maturity. My recollection is that they move the hind legs 
together in swimming, confirming Mr. Brimley’s observation 
on Benacus. On land they scuffle along pretty rapidly. With 
regard to Belostoma fluminea Say to confirm previous observa- 
tions, I confined a bred specimen in a glass dish so small that 
while it could move its legs freely, it was not able to stir from 
under my magnifier, no matter how furiously it might paddle. 
It was then stirred up, and its motions could be observed 


ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 3 


piel more easily than those of the others. As I 
where noted, Ravzatra employs in locomotion only 
and. third pair of legs, the first being strictly rap- 
prehensile. Further, since Razatra is not one of 
ii waterbugs (in fact its affinities are with land 


ae as in Diiatoua: at one extreme of the 


lat. Hist. (4) vi., 1870, p. 225, etc. 


4 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Jan., 06 


strokes, the extremities of the legs are widely separated, and 
at the other, the femora are crossed, those of the second pair 
crossing below the third. On land, however, Ranatra runs 
quite rapidly, but the ungainly length of its legs seems to trip 
it up when in a hurry. 

The meagerness of information regarding these habits has 
led me to the studies outlined above. It is to be hoped that 
the rising generation of entomologists may give a little less 
time to hair-splitting classifications and devote its energies to 
investigations of habits and life-histories of other than eco- 
nomically important groups, or than those which, like butter- 
flies, are largely zesthetic ; and to such lovers of the insect-folk 
do I look for further light on these highly interesting but 
financially unremunerative subjects. 


40> 
or 


Notes on the Egg-laying Habits of Culex curriei Coq. 
By H. J. QuAyYLE, Ames, Iowa. 

During the past summer the writer was engaged in mosquito 
control work along the portion of the San Francisco bay shore 
extending from San Mateo to South San Francisco. ‘The ter- 
ritory contiguous to the marsh here has long been noted for 
its abundant supply of mosquitoes, and the species giving the 
bulk of the trouble was Culex curriez Coq. 

Early in the campaign, my attention was directed to the fact 
that larvee were appearing exclusively in pools that were 
reached only by the monthly high tides, and which were dry 
for a portion of each month. This led me to infer that, like 
the salt marsh species in New Jersey, this species chose the 
mud of the drying pools rather than water in which to lay its 
eggs. Consequently mud was taken from such pools and 
submerged with ordinary sea water when, in the course of two 
or three days, wrigglers invariably appeared. Another — 
method of studying this egg-laying habit consisted in sinking 
ordinary soap boxes, with the bottoms first removed, to a 
depth of two or three inches in the mud of pools, where larvze 
were likely to appear. These boxes were thoroughly screened 
at the top to prevent the entrance of adults, and were kept 


_Jan.,’06) ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 5 


_ from floating away with the tides by means of stakes driven 
into the ground. When the monthly high tide reached the 
- pool, water covered the mud within the box by seepage from 
below, the top being above high tide water, and in due time 
wrigglers would appear inside the box as abundantly as in the 
- pool outside. These experiments, and the fact that through- 
out the season larvee appeared in such situations only, con- 
vinced me that Culex curried lays its eggs in mud by preference, 
a if not exclusively. 
I have negative evidence to the effect that this species win- 
ters in the egg state, but space here will not permit of an 
account of this. During the past year (1905) the eggs first 
began to hatch in February, the first larvee appearing on the 
1. Despite the fact that no adults were seen after April, 
> the effective control work, larvee appeared in these tem- 
pools in increasing numbers with each high tide until 


ing the season of 1904, a brood of curriet fe ES each 
as regularly as the tides from February to September 
ve, making eight in the season. In arid climates like 


found in the hills toward the ocean, ten miles from its breed- 
ing ground, along the bay shore. It is hardly necessary to 
add that this species is a strictly salt marsh form in this sec- 
tion, and is the most abundant and annoying mosquito of the 
_ Bay region of California. 3 


—~er 


z How doth the busy little bee 

Peet ity. Improve each shining minute? 
By flying ’round the can to see 

The good things that are in it, 


6 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Jan., 06 


Standards of the Number of Eggs Laid by Insects—IV.* 


Being averages obtained by actual count of the combined 
eggs from twenty (20) depositions or masses. 


By A. ARSENE GIRAULT. 


5. ARILUS CRISTATUS Linnaeus. 


No. | Date, 1903 ee ame je Pag Bes pend ped Max. Min. | Range 
1 | Mar. 20 160 160 160 172 
2 136 296 148 
3 136 432 144 
4 138 570 142.5 
5 II4 684 136.8 
6 118 802 133.6 
7 go 892 127.4 
8 167 1059 132.3 
9 |, 159 1218 135-3 

10 126 1344 134.4 

II 125 1469 133-5 

12 133 1602 133-5 

13 16 ce) 1721 132.3 

14 , 153 1874 133-7 

15 105 1979 132 

16 I51 2130 133 

‘7 III 2241 132 

18 42 2283 126 42 

19 172 2455 129.2 172 

20 I12 2567 128 42 

20 2567 128 ‘172 +42 '| 130 |Finals 


The egg-masses were collected at Annapolis, Md:, in a small 
peach orchard, where they have been unusually abundant for 
the past three or four years. In other orchards, in the imme- 
diate vicinity, none could be found, nor on trees other than 
fruit trees, except rarely. The insect apparently shows quite 
a preference for peach, as a place of deposit for eggs, and it 
seems to have a tendency to exist in isolated colonies. 

Most of the estimates of the number of eggs deposited by 
this insect fall below the average obtained. 


i the first three of this series see ENT. NEWS, 1901, p. 305; 1904, pp. 2-3, and 1905, 
p. 167. 


eet 
> 


M. WITTE says the peace of Portsmouth was signed in order to get rid 
of the mosquitoes. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 


7 


arasitic Be erditee of Algonquin, I[linois.—III*. 


“igs - PROCTOTRYPID&. 
on cera armifera Say. 
cimens <j. 

Ohaly 17, 28, 1895. 
26, can 


poten 2. 
ie 30, 1895. 


y caeeien punctatus Ashm. 
® I specimen 9. 
July 18, 1895. 


By Wm. A. NASON, M.D. 


Ceraphron algonquinus Ash. n. sp. 
17 specimens 9. 
May 23 to Sept. 19, 1895. 
Co-types, types in Ashm. coll. 
Ceraphron salicicola Ashm. 
3 specimens 9. 
April 28, 29, 1896. 
Phanurus flavipes Ashm. 
2 specimens 2. 
May 12, 21, 1896, 
Telenomus pusillus Ashm. 
I specimen, 9. 
May 10, 1896. 
Telenomus persimilis Ashm. 
3 specimens @. 
May 10, 20, 1896. 
Telenomus podisi Ashm. 
5 specimens 9. 
Oct. 3, 6, 1895. 
May 29, 1896. 
Trissolcus euschisti Ashm. 
2 specimens 9. 
Sept. 27, 1895. 
Oct. 6, 1895. 
Trissolcus podist Ashm. 
I specimen 2. 
May 21, 1896. 
Ocoloides howardii Ashm. 
I specimen @. 
Sept. 17, 1895. 
Anteris virginiensis Ashm. 
2 specimens 2. 
June 8, 21, 1895. 
Amblyaspis californicus Ashm. 
I specimen 9°. 
Sept. 27, 1895. 
Polymecus picipes Ashm. 
I specimen 9. 
May Io, 1895. 
Sactogaster anomaliventris Ashm. 
I specimen 9. 
May 27, 1896. 


* Bitchatnations were all made by Dr. Wm. H, Ashmead_ of Washington, D. C, 


8 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 


Caloteleia marlattii Ashm. 
8 specimens J, @. 
Sept. 21, 1893. 
Sept. 10, 1895. 
May 21 to June 5, 1896. 
Polygnotus salicicola Ashm. 
4 specimens <j, 9. 
May 20, 21, 26, 1896. 
Proctotrypes rufigaster Prov. 
4 specimens <’, @. 
Sept. 13, 1894. 
May 23, 1895. 
June 21, 1896. 
Proctotrypes terminalis Ashm. 
I specimen 9. 
Oct. 16, 1895. 
Proctotrypes abrupta Say. 
I specimen 9. 
May 25, 1894. 
Proctotrypes obsoletus Say. 
I specimen °. . 
Proctotrypes simulans Ashm. 
2specimens 9. 
May 6, 1895. 
Anectata hirtifrons Ashm. 
I specimen Q. 
July 3, 1895. 
Paramesius terminatus Say. 
I specimen, °. 
July 29, 1895. 
Paramesius pallidipes Ashm, 
2 specimens <j, 9. 
Aug. 26, 1894. 


Aneurhynchus virginicus Ashm. 


I specimen 9°. 
Oct. 16, 1895. 
Galesus quebecensis Prov. 
I specimen 9°. 
Oct. 4, 1893. 
Tropidopria conica Fabr. 
4 specimens 9. 
June 30, 1894. 
May 3, 1896. 
Loxotropa ruficornis Ashm. 
I specimen 9°. 
Sept. I9, 1894. 


Loxotropa abrupta Thoms. 
I specimen 9. 
Oct. 6, 1895. 
Loxotropa californica Ashm. 
I specimen 9°. 
July 8, 1895. 
Diapria californica Ashm. 
I specimen 9. 
May 26, 1896. 
Trichopria pentaplasta Ashm. 
I specimen °. 
Aug. 31, 1894. 
Trichopria popenoet Ashm. 
I specimen %. 
May 30, 1895. 
Phenopria minutissima Ashm. 
I specimen Q. 
June 26, 1894. 
Basalys fuscipennis Ashm., 
_I specimen ¢. 
Sept. I9, 1894. 


MYMARID. 
Gonatocerus welaterit Ashm. 
I specimen @. 
‘ May Io, 1896. 
Cosmecoma howardii Ashm. 
I specimen @Q. 
May 10, 1896. 
Cosmocoma maculipes Ashm. 
5 specimens Q. 
May Io to 13, 1896. 


PELECINID. 
Pelecinus polyturator Drury. 
I specimen @. 


CYNIPID/E. 
Neuroterus nigrum Gill. 
3 specimens 9°. 
April 11, 16, 1896. 
Neuroterus noxtiosus Bass. 
I specimen Q. 
May 25, 1895. 
Neuroterus vernus Gill. 
5 specimens. 


May 6, 1896. 


[Jan., 06 


Ba: BF Cronies tuber Fitch. . 

7 specimens 4, 9. 

sre June Io, 1896. 
Synergus lana Fitch. 
petite | specimens fg 

July 23, 1895. 

July 25, 1895. 

_ July 10, 1896. 


2: 4am Q. 
April 13, 1895. 
“oni 


1doi ‘om t Aabers ; ae 
ie 6 specimens %, Q. 
_ May 3 to June 13, 1896. 
ss Aug. 12, 1895. 
oo. monilicornis Ashm. 
--—-- 2specimens %, 9°. 
May 12, 21, 1896. 
_ Hexaplasta erythrocera dass 
I specimen %. 
May Io, 1896, 
 Lucoila rubripes Ashm. 
- T specimen Q. 
bs June 13, 1895. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 


Eucotla vulgaris Ashm. 
2I specimens <j, @. 
May 17 to Sept. 12, 1894. 
June 11 to Sept. 17, 1895. 
May Io, 24, 1896. 
Eucoila mellipes Say. 
I specimen @. 
May 21, 1896. 
Eucoilidea canadensis Ashm. 
2 specimens <j’, Q. 
Eucotlidea longicornis Ashm. 
4 specimens @. 
June to, 1895. 
May 3, 21, 1896. 
June 21, 1896. 
Psilodora impatiens Say. 
2 specimens 9. 
July ro, 1894. 
June 10, 1896. 
Melanips canadensis Ashm. 
I specimen @. 
Oct. 5, 1895. 
Melanips subcompressa Prov. 
I specimen 9. 
Oct. 2, 1895. 
Melanaspis iowensis Ashm. 
2 specimens, 9. 
Sept. 17, 1895. 
Solenaspis singularis Ashm. 
I specimen 9. 
July 25, 1895. 
Solenaspis hyaliniformis Ashm. 
I specimen 9. 
Solenaspis abnormis Ashm, 
I specimen %. 


June 10, 1896. 


_ Trybliographa anthomyie Ashm. 


I specimen 9. 
April 20, 1896. 
Heptamerocera marlatti Ashm. 
2 specimens 9°. 
May Io, 1896. 
Tetrahapta nasoni Ashm. 
2specimens 9. 
May 3, 1896. 
May 13, 1896. 


10 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Jan., 06 


Determinations of Some Texas Coleoptera 


With Records. 


By ELBERT S. TUCKER. 
Museum Assistant in Systematic Entomology University 
of Kansas, Lawrence. 


On account of personal interest in the insect fauna of Texas, 
due to a collecting trip to Galveston, in May, 1903, as a mem- 
ber of a party under direction of Dr. F. H. Snow, for the Uni- 
versity of Kansas, the writer recently agreed to name some 
beetles belonging to the Agricultural and Mechanical College 
of Texas, at College Station, Brazos County, at the request of 
Mr. A. F. Conradi, the Acting State Entomologist. Mr. Con- 
radi proposed as an inducement for the work that a list of 
determinations would be helpful in making up a general list of 
the Coleoptera of Texas, and the names and records herewith 
show the results of study of the specimens which he supplied. 
All determinations were personally made by comparison with 
named specimens in the collection of beetles of the University- 
of Kansas and with the aid of literature, except for that por- 
tion of the list where special credit is given to authorities to 
whom the specimens were submitted in cases of uncertainty. 
With the exception of Balaninus victoriensis Chitt., all of the 
beetles were collected in Texas, mostly at the Agricultural and 
Mechanical College, to which institution they have been 
returned, less a few duplicates retained by kind permission. 

The arrangement follows Henshaw’s check list by numbers 


when given. 
Family CICINDELIDZ. 
19a. Cicindela scutellaris Say, var. unicolor Dejean. Wellborn, Bra- 
zos River, March 22, 1904. 
32. Cicindela vulgaris Say. Wellborn, Brazos River, March 22, 1904. 


Family CARABID. 


184. Calosoma lugubre LeConte. College Station. 

220. Scarites subterraneus Fabricius. College Station, March 31, 
1904. 

387. Bembidium variegatum Say. College Station, May 9, 1903. 

617. Evarthrus heros Say. Comanche, March 17, 1904. 

847a. Casnonia pennsylvanica Linnzus, variety suturalis Chaudoir. Col- 
lege Station, January 30, 1903; Buffalo Springs, May 5, 1903. 


Jan., 


935. 


5007. 


52154. 


5356. 


06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. II 


Pinacodera platicollis Say. College Station, January 4, 1904. 
Striz not deep; abdomen protrudes farther beyond elytra 
than with compared examples, regarding which Mr. Charles 
Liebeck has written: ‘‘about the usual form; the extent of 
abdominal segment beyond the elytra is variable.’’ 

Hlarpalus gravis Le Conte. Waco, September 20, 1902, collected 
by L. H. Scholl. 

Anisodactylus piceus Le Conte. College Station, February 27, 
and May 1, 1904; Avalon, April 12, 1904. The brownish 
colored examples were probably freshly emerged, therefore 
had not developed to black. 


Family GYRINIDE. 


Dineutes carolinus Le Conte. College Station. 


Family COCCINELLIDA& 


Cycloneda sanguinea Linnzus. College Station, May 12, 1904 
May 10, 1905, C. E. Sanborn. Predaceous on plant lice. 


. Olla abdominals Say. Sabinal, May 24, 1904. 
_ Exochomus contristatus Muls. College Station, May 10, 1905. 


C. G. Sanborn. Predaceous on plant lice. 
Scymnus terminatus Say. College Station, August 8, 1904. 
Scymnus tenebrosus Muls. College Station, May ro. C. E. San- 
born. Predaceous on plant lice. 


Family EROTYLID. 


. Languria tedata Le Conte. College Station April 12, 1903. 


Family ELATERIDZ. 
Lacon rectangularis Say. College Station, February 27, 1904. 


Family BUPRESTID& 


. Chrysobothris femorata Fabricius, variety alabame Gory. Kosse, 


April 19, 1904. : 
Agrilus muticus Le Conte. College Station, April 28, 1903, and 
April 7, 1904. 
Family MALACHIDZ® 


Collops balteatus Le Conte. Wellborn, Brazos River, March 29, 
1903: College Station, July 27, 1902. 


Family CLERID/Z 
Chariessa pilosa Say, variety onusta Say. College Station, April 


12, 1903. 
Family PTINIDA. 


Amphicerus bicaudatus Say. Corsicana, March It, 1904, 


I2 


5535: 


5581. 
5591. 
5691. 


5692. 


5742. 
5894. 
5901. 
5941. 


5953: 


5955: 


5962. 
6008. 


6038. 
6050. 
6115. 


61274. 


6196. 
6210. 


6471. 


6725, 
6800. 


6821. 
6978. 


7032. 
7051. 
7995: 


ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Jan., ’06 


Family SCARAB/EIDZZ 


Aphodius serval Say. - College Station, January 7, 1904. Smaller 
than compared examples, more deeply striate with confluent 
punctures,and with slightly different markings, regarding which 
Mr. Charles Liebeck has written: ‘‘about the usual size; 
markings variable.”’ 

Ochodeus biarmatus Le Conte. Sabine, May 24, 1904. 

Bolboceras lazarus Fabricius. College Station, April 14, 1904. 

Macrodactylus angustatus Beauvois. College Station, March 30, 
1904. 

Macrodactylus uniformis Horn. College Station, March 30, 
1904. 

Lachnosterna torta Le Conte. College Station, July 8, 1904. 

Allorhina nitida Linneus. College Station, July 23, 1904. 

Euphoria kernii Haldeman. Cedars, May 28, 1904. 

Trichius viridulus Fabricius. Wellborn, Brazos river, March 30, 
1904. 

Family CERAMBYCID. 

Mallodon dasystomus Say. College Station. 

Mallodon serrulatus Le Conte. Wellborn, Brazos Rees June 24, 
1904. 

Prionus imbricornis Linneus. College Station, May 1, 1904. 

Callidium antennatum Newman. College Station, February 5, 
1904. 

Chion cinctus Drury. Victoria, August 13, I904. 

Romaleum atomarium Drury. College Station, June Io, 1904. 

Callichroma plicatum Le Conte. No data. 

Tragidion coguus Linnzeus, variety /ulvipenne Say. College 
Station, February 18, 1903. 

Nevclytus luscus Fabricius. Wellborn, Brazos River, June 24, 
1904. 

Neoclytus erythrocephalus Fabricius. Wellborn, Brazos River, 
August 12, Igo4. 

Ataxia crypta Say. Manor, October 5, 1904. 


Family CHRYSOMELIDA# 


Fidia viticida Walsh. No data. 

Chrysomela disrupta Rogers. Courtney, October 7, 1902. Col- 
lection of L. H. Scholl. 

Chrysomela auripennis Say. College Station, December 12, 1903. 

Haltica nana Crotch. College Station, September 19, 1903. Ver- 
ified by Charles Liebeck. 

Mantura floridana Crotch. College Statfon, May 1, 1903. 

Chetocnema opacula Le Conte. College Station, May 1, 1903. 

Chetocnema confinis Crotch. College Station, May 1, 1903. 


Jan., ’06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. | 13 


Family TENEBRIONID. 


Emmenastus convexus Le Conte. Coleman, August 23, 1902. 
7201. _ Epitragus acutus Le Conte. Sabinal, May 24, 1904. 
7359. leodes seriata Le Conte College Station. 
7426. Opatrinus aciculatus Le Conte. College Station, December 20, 


1903. 


a. | 7438. Blapstinus pratensis Le Conte. Colorado, August 11, 1903. Col- 


is lege Station, April 12, 1903, and February 27, 1904. 
7573 Helops Jarctus Le Conte. ee Station, June 10, 1904. 


Family MORDELLID. 


ee 7180. Mordella scutellaris Fabricius. College Station, September 16, 


1902. 
4 Family ANTHICIDZ. 
7869. Eurygenius wildii Le Conte. No data. 


Family MELOID. 


Sor8. Flenous confertus Say. College Station, May ‘28, 1903; Wellborn,: 
. Brazos River, June 24, 1904. 


e * 8083. _Epicauta sericans Le Conte. Montgomery, August 24, 1903." 


aacicdl phone texana Le Conte./ Thornberry, April 4, 1903. 


Family ATTELABID. 
8224. Altelabus analis Mlliger. College Station, July 27, 1904. 


Family OTIORHYNCHID. 


| 8242. Ophryastes vittatus Say. Comanche, November 14, 1904. 
8340. Ludiagogus pulcher Fahreus. Wellborn, Brazos river, August 
27, 1904. College Station, January 30, 1903. 


Family CURCULIONID. 
8370. Apion ovale Smith. Rockdale, June 22, 1901. 


«8478. Pachylobius picivorus Germar. Hughes Springs, May 11, 1904; 


College Station, June 10, 1904 ; Dekalb, August 1, 1904. The 
_ last in prime condition, not rubbed nor smeared. 

8546. Desmoris constrictus Say. College Station ; Centre Point, June 
I, 1904. Regarding this, Mr. A. F. Conradi has written: 
‘This species occurs abundantly over the entire settled por- 
tions of the State of Texas, definitely known.”’ 

8615. Magdalis barbita Say. Howe, March 22, 1904. 

10985. Anthonomus grandis Boheman. College Station, June 12, 1904. 

8726. Conotrachelus naso Le Conte. College Station, October 20, 


1904. 


14 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. _ [Jan., ’06 


8741 Rhyssematus palmacollis Say. Frost, May 28, 1904. ‘‘ Hillsboro, 
Malakoff, Victoria, and in fact it occurs all over the State,”’ 
writes Mr. Conradi. Variety, with cost, apical margin and 
spots on elytra rusty colored. Verified by Charles Liebeck. _ 

8746. Chalcodermus @neus Boheman. Denison, June 27, 1904. 

8760. Acalles porosus Le Conte. San Antonio, March-30, 1904; Mar- 

tindale, April 14, 1902. 
8902. Aulobaris ibis Le Conte. College Station, December 18, 1904. 


Family BRENTHIDZZ 
8967. Eupsalis minuta Drury. Wellborn, Brazos River, June 24, 1904. 


Family ANTHRIBIDA. 
9222. Cratoparis lugubris Olivier. College Station, January 4, 1904. 


The species for which special mention should be given for 
their determination are as follows: 


1068. Discoderus tmpotens Le Conte. College Station, May 1, 1904. 
Determined by Charles Liebeck. 

3098. Brachyacantha bollii Crotch. College Station, June 4, 1903. De- 
termined by Charles Liebeck as ‘‘ large form.’’ The yellow 
spaces of basal and median portions of elytra are solidly 
fused, without any indication of spots. College Station, May 
10, 1905. C. E. Sanborn. Predaceous on plant lice. 

4575. Psiloptera drummondi Laporte & Gory. College Station, June 20, 
1902. Determined by Charles Liebeck. 

10352. Fidia cana Horn. Dripping Springs, May 17, 1904. Determined 

by Charles Liebeck. Badly crushed and broken. 

7179. Conecus ovipennis Horn. Comanche, August 17, 1901. Deter- 
mined by Charles Liebeck. 

8326. Achrastenus griseus Horn. Lovelady, March 24, 1904; Grape 
Vine, no data ; Sidney, April 4, 1904. Determined by Charles 
Liebeck. ait 

— Balaninus victoriensis Chittenden. Mead, Indian Territory. Sep- 
tember 20, 1904; Lone Wolf, Oklohoma, September, 1904. 
Determined by F. H. Chittenden. 

8990. Sphenophorus cariosus Olivier. Moody, March 25, 1904. Deter- 
mined by F. H. Chittenden.’ 

9006. Sphenophorus compressirostris Say. No data. Determined by F. 
H. Chittenden. 


Summary : Species personally determined, 76: 
Species specially determined 9 


Number of species reported 85 


Jan.,’06) ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 15 


Editors of ENromMoLoGIcAL NEws. 
Dear Sirs : 

As to your course in publishing the injurious letter of Dr. 
Jno. B. Smith, of New Jersey, in your Nov. issue, only re- 
cently noted, it would seem a safe policy for any publication 
first to make some inquiry as to whether there might not bean 
animus beneath and no basis for such serious statements, and 
even if found to be true, to be cautious in uttering a libel. 

You ask me to be brief in writing and say you do not court 
controversial articles. I should have supposed the opposite 
to be the case, and rather that you would be glad to give one 
so traduced the largest opportunity. 

The pretext for the attack is that Dr. Smith’s name is given 
as one of the Advisory Board of Entomologists of the Am. 
Mosquito Extermination Society in your October reprint of a 
cireular sent out generally by the Society in July last and be- 
fore any declination had been received. 

On February 19, 1904, we sent out a tentative circular 
a —headed ‘‘ Printer’s Proof’’—to the two Advisory Boards, 
2 _to each person, including Dr. S., that he had been 
ele ted on such board, and closed thus: ‘‘ We should be 
gi e: tly pleased to have your written acceptance of the part 
appointed to you by the Executive Committe, but, knowing 
your interest in the work, we will take the liberty of assuming, 
in case we do not hear from you directly, that the appoint- 
ment is accepted.’’ Neither Dr. S. or any one else declined 
‘and many even wrote acceptances and all names thereafter 
permanently appeared. There was every evidence that he 
tacitly accepted (andit is to be hoped that no bare techni- 
cality covers his statement that his name appears without his 
permission), for instance, his taking part in the December, 

05, Convention and making no objection to the appearance of 
his name on the letterheads and prints of the Society, many 
of which he received. 

I had no knowledge of the bitterness which Dr. S. was 
nursing until April 7, ’05, when he wrote me of this, among 
other things: ‘‘It may be well to advise my colleagues (on 
the Ent. Adv. Bd.) who have been working on similar lines 


16 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Jan., 706 | 


of what they have to expect from the Society, whose mouth- 
piece you seem to be, that they may be on their guard.’’ And 
on the 14th of April he wrote on this subject to the Executive 
Committee of the Society: ‘‘ So far as the list is concerned, 
my own name appears without authority, and I am advised by 
others of my colleagues that they are in the same position.’’ 
(I should be glad to know of anyone not receiving the printed 
circular Jetter of February, ’04, for I find that every name is 
checked as having been notified of their selection. ) 

Dr. Smith said nothing of wanting his name omitted until a 
similar tentative circular for the next year was sent out on 
August 26th last, which he acknowledges, and says: ‘‘I very 
much prefer that you drop my name entirely from all connec- 
tion with the A. M. E. Society,’’ which was then done. His 
lonely position is referred to, but not by name, in Bulletin 
No. 2, sent you, dated September 26, ’05 (which we trust you 
will not be deterred from reprinting, at least in part), where 
the paragraph begins: ‘‘ The character and reputation of the 
gentlemen who have consented to serve on the Executive 
Council and the Advisory Boards of the Society, reflect the 
confidence of the community in our work,’’ and which gives 
the distinguished names of many who unnecessarily had writ- 
ten of their pleasure and honor in the case. 

I may say that a number of our officials, in answer to his 
abusive letter of April 14,’05, had written Dr. S. that he must 
be laboring under a misapprehension and tried to calm him 
down, but, apparently, fruitlessly, for his recent letter to you 
says: ‘‘Such use of my name was without my permission 
and in spite of a very decided protest.’’ Please note the dates 
—that he declines on August 30th for the first on receipt of a 
new nomination and now protests, because his name appears 
in a July circular, saying he had tried to get his name off the 
list, as though we coveted the doubtful honor of keeping it on 
against his will. So much for that insinuation ! 

But now, not for the pretext, but for the real though 
strange point of his grievance, of which I first learned early 
in March, 1905, when a mutual friend sent mea press clip- 
ping with a severe comment. It gave a news item from 


ENTOMOLOGICAL sais 17 


) introduced in New Jersey, and later 
cit on, as he knew a member, and was fur- 
of the New York bill of 1904 for a guide. 


we Sipuinted bien: 
net one for entomologists to consider but 


a ways of such action being proposed (for it 
din Bulletin 1, of November, ’04, and in press 
him), he worked himself into a rage, dangerous 
1 ‘everybody else, and tries, by abusive letters to 


18 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Jan., ’06 


the members, to discredit the secretary and break up the 
Society for the temerity of its secretary who followed the di- 
rection of its executive authority. 

In the letter to me of April 7, ’05, before referred to, Dr. 
S. writes of the Trenton bill being introduced at my request. 
He also inquires in the letterto members of our Ex. Com. 
(April 14, ’05), whether the introduction of. the bill was 
really an action of the Ex. Com., and whether “it is the 
policy of the society to ignore and condemn as unworthy of 
consideration all work not done under its seal.’’ He goes on 
at great length and with an evident feeling of personal conse- 
quence, with which his letter to you is also saturated: ‘* It 
is amatter of importance to me to know whether this society 
acts through a responsible committee or through an irrespon- 
sible secretary who assumes the right of speaking for it.’’ 
In this letter to the committee he enclosed a copy of the one to 
me of April 7, wherein he recites his claims to recognition, as 
well as of others, andsays: ‘‘ You were careful to keep from 
all these parties all knowledge of this measure and to care- 
fully exclude them from the commission proposed in your 
bill, You placed the treasurer of your society, for which ~ 
you purported to act, in the light of an ignoramus by credit- 
ing him with preparing the bill.’’ The fact was, I had not 
mentioned a single official to be appointed on the New Jersey 
commission. ; 

Mr. Beach immediately wrote Dr. S. that it was he who, at 
alarge meeting of the Executive Committee, moved the in- 
troduction of the N. J. bill, that he assumed all responsibility 
for the bill, completely taking all blame, if any. And yet, 
Dr. S. in the NEws, repeats the same charges against me as to 
the bill and ‘‘ sneak ’’ legislation. I wish I could give full 
copies of these strange letters of Dr. S. They are filled with 
the most high-tempered words. 

A number, besides Mr. Beach, wrote Dr. S. a “soft 
answer’’ to his ‘‘ personal letter to every member of the 
Executive Committee,’’ but it failed to turn away his wrath. 
It was predicted that ‘‘if he is of normal constitution he cer- 
tainly will, on reflection, be mortified at the position in which 


4 


ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 19 


aa himself.’’ But, not at all, he repeats the same 


2d : to co-operate with us, as our aims areone.’’ 
1 Mey 30th I wrote him also a courteous note, referring to 


Beare, over- euoxk: in the Society, saying: ‘‘I would 
uch obliged if you will inform the Society to what you 
Rusiter of April 7th, ‘So far the Am. Mos. Ex. Soc. has 


thoc is wi aie with the mosquito question in New Jersey.’ 
ve cannot aid, we certainly do not wish to hinder.”’ But 
wer came. 

ne re any cause for these injurious acts? None whatever 
: am aware of. I havehad no difficulty with Dr. Smith. 
: other hand, I have always, individually and as secre- 


, treated him with due respect. In the arrangement of 
prog eens of our conventions he has always been accorded 


son: ly bat three or four Biies. So I can only judge him by 
‘insight. | I have had many letters from him, and I must refer 
he very first one—of some years ago—for the impression 
on my mind then was that any one, speaking as he did 
ein of his confreres, enjoyed controversy, and surely was 


20 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Jan., ’06 


It was through no fault of mine that this condition of things 
existed and these calls came, and that since then and even now 
for some weeks I have been making mosquito surveys in that 
State notwithstanding the great activity of Dr. S. in the cause. 
In every case these calls have been the result of my previous 
work elsewhere, and for this I should not suffer. I have not 
sought to invade another’s territory, if one could make the 
singular claim of exclusive territory. 

This leads me to say that I can only think, and others who 
know Dr. S. much better confirm the idea, that it is because 
of the results of my work and because many times I have gone 
into N. J. to speak and work, that he holds these bitter feel- 
ings—the promptings of a strange jealousy. It would seem 
that the common enemy was numerous enough to engage all 
the attention of all the fighters and that they should not be 
compelled to fight at law or otherwise to defend themselves. 

I will ask that the covert advertisements of himself which 
Dr. S. injects in his letter, be noticed in view of his saying 
the Society ‘‘is simply an attempt to advertise its secretary,’’ 
thus implying incompetency against those in the society—some 
of the most astute men in the country. May I assure your 
readers of the fact that though I have given some of the best 
years of my life to the society and cause and broken my health 
largely through these efforts, I have never received a single 
fee as the result of my relation to the society or any compen- 
sation for my incessant labors in it. The little puff introduced 
of a close figure of an estimate and a contract is easily ex- 
plained by the fact that Dr. S. has fréquently written of the 
cost of ditching and a contract based on that might be high 
or low. 

Dr. Smith knows of the explanation of the use of Gov. 
Murphy’s name as chairman of the first convention, for it is 
stated in the published report of the convention, and yet he 
speaks of the Governor’s emphatic refusalto act as presiding 
officer. ‘That little insight indicates that Dr. S. saw the gov- 
ernor or his secretary and knew of some emphatic refusal 
which never reached me. Was there any reason? 

Some strong statements in the letter to you as to the pro- 


ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 21 


1 promised results. All mosquito work demands the 
, og methods and anything less should not be recom- 


. was blinded by an overruling confidence in bis 
d knowledge. : 

ally, I would prefer to await results and then let others 
ffing and not myself. I should prefer to be less dog- 
ss opinionated and very careful not to draw positive 


amu he seems to have is only snovureane by the 
is victims.—HENRyY CLAy WEEKS, Bayside, L. 


simemna trisignata Walk. 
By RICHARD F. PEARSALL. 
ob er seer of Enr. NEws a brief note by Mr. 


: habit has saan in his text) has been noted before. 
at the normal pupating habit of the species is. 
ether such habit is known in any other Lepidopter- 


s and elevating the body, at the same time shaking 
mulous fashion, as if seized with a chill, quite geome- 


22 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Jan., ’c6 


triform in appearance. Not knowing their habits I placed a 
quantity of trash in the glass jars and one of them commenced 
gnawing at the small pieces of wood. Seeing this I supplied 
a larger piece of dead limb, perhaps an inch in diameter, into 
which my larva made its burrow, sealing it up, exactly as 
described by Mr. Sherman. ‘The moth came out the following 
year. This then may be accepted as its normal habit. 

Now as to the third query; and here I record one of the 
greatest disappointments I ever experienced in the rearing of 
larvee. 

In the same year while examining a group of Choke Cherry 
(Cerasis virginiana), second year’s growth, I saw on the top of 
a leaf what I first took to be a mass of bird droppings, but on 
closer observation it turned out to be a shining, slimy-looking, 
gray and white larva, about half an inch long coiled up at rest. 
I put it ina glass jar with food plant and at first it fed only 
at night. As it grew larger it fed freely during the day, and 
at its final moult, changed to the most beautiful larva I have 
seen. It was then about one and one-quarter inches long, of 
a deep prussian blue, its skin smooth, like silk, marked on the ~ 
dorsum from the third to the ninth segment, with a series of 
large oval cream yellow spots, placed crosswise like saddles, 
one on each segment. From each end of these projected at an 
angle of forty-five degrees, a narrow spatula-shaped ribbon 
like appendage of the same cream yellow color. I had never 
seen such a creature and I tended it carefully. One day I was 
changing its food and while doing so the dinner bell rang and 
I left it forgetting in my haste to place the glass cover on the 
jar. When I returned from my meal, imagine my horror at 
finding my jar uncovered with the window near it open and 
my specimen gone. On the floor beneath my table on which 
the jar stood, I had, some days before, placed two or three 
pieces of old fence rail, and as I glanced about in my search 
. for it there was my larva calmly boring into one of them. I 
did not disturb it but watched all afternoon as it cut out 
rounded pellets and threw them aside, burying itself from 
sight by night fall and by next morning it had sealed the open- 
ing so neatly as to be hardly distinguished from the gray color 


ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 23 


ose the imago, and tell me what it was. For three 
hat chunk of wood on my hatching box, after 
arrying it home so as to prevent jaring, and no moth 
Finally I split it open, and after this lapse of time 
seemed plump and clean. Its shell was granular and 
ish i in color, much like the pupa of an Alyfia octo- 
= it a while longer but it never disclosed the 


was it ? Can anyone tell me? I have searched the 
ion and locality every summer since but have never 


arva, of Apatela lithospila also has the same habit of 


e a: ‘“Black Warrior River, see oa 


’ collected by Mr. Clarence B. GES As these 
al widely ‘separated, one being at the tip of the 


24 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Jan., 6 


and are very numerous in individuals. They prefer animal to 
vegetable substances, destroying dead insects, bird skins, etc., 
but also feed greedily on sugar. They are very common in all 
parts of India, and often prove very troublesome and destruct- 
ive to the naturalist.’’ The bad reputation of this ant is ex- 
pressed in two other names which have been given it by 
Frederic Smith and Gerstzecker, on the supposition that it had 
not been previously described ; the former calling it I7yrmica 
vastator, the latter Zyrmica ominosa. ‘The insect is repeatedly 
met with in the literature under these and other names like 
Monomorium atomaria and M7. basale. 

There are now three imported species of /onomorium in the 
United States, all of which have probably been carried by ships 
from their original home in southeastern Asia, namely: JZ, 
pharaonts, M. floricola and M. destructor. 'The first is a widely 
distributed house-ant, not only in the tropics, but also in tem- 
perate Europe and America; the second is tropicopolitan, 
though it manages to subsist in our northern green-houses ; 
the last, as I have just shown, has begun to spread into tem- 
perate North America. In a recent paper* I recorded the 
introduction of a fourth Monomorium (M. salomonis Linn), a 
well-known North African species, into the Bahamas. e 

Another small tropical ant which has recently gained a foot- 
hold in the United States is /ridomyrmex humilis Mayr. ‘This 
species has been taken in numbers in New Orleans by Mr. E. 
S. G. Titus. Asa native of the New World, it was supposed 
to be confined to South America (Brazil and Argentina). It 
is not included among the known Mexican or Central Ameri- 
can ants, nor can I find any record of its occurrence in the 
West Indies. 

According to Stollf this ant has also been vipa into 
Madeira where it has become a pest in houses and has sup- 
planted another previously introduced ant (Phetdole megace- 
phala Fabr.) which was ¢he house-ant of Madeira in the days 
of Heer.{ Some idea of the numbers of Ph. megacephala in 
Madeira in the middle of the last century may be gained from 


* The Ants of the Bahamas. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. xxi, 1905, p. 8 

+ Zur Kenntniss der geographischen Verbreitung der Ameisen. Mitt. z sthweiz: entom. 
Gesell. x, 3. 1898, pp. 120-126. 

t Ueber die Hausameise Madeiras. An die Ziiricher Jugend auf das Jahr 1852 v. d. 
naturforsch. Gesell. 54 Stuck, 1852, pp. 1-24 Taf. 


 Jan., ’06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 25 
Ja 


_ the following extract from Heer’s work: ‘‘ Itoccurs through- 


out the southern portion of the island of Madeira up to an 


elevation of 1,000 feet in prodigious numbers, especially in hot, 
sunny places, where it is to be found under eight out of every 
ten stones that may be overturned.’ In the city of Funchal 
‘there is probably not a single house that is not infested with 
millions of these insects. They climb to the top stories, issue 
_ in swarms from the cracks in walls and floors and keep traver- 
sing the rooms in all directions in regular files. They creep 
up the legs of the tables, along their edges and into the cup- 
boards, chests, etc. On account of their extremely diminu- 
tive size they are able to enter the smallest holes and 
_erevices. Even when thousands and thousands of them are 
killed, there is no reduction in their numbers, as fresh armies 
are continually arriving.’’ ‘The recent displacement of this 
pest by another, /ridomyrmex humilis, bears a close and inter- 
esting analogy to the well-known displacement in Europe and 
_ America of the black house-rat (M/us rattus) by the brown 
_ species (7. decumanus). In a similar manner, according to 

Stoll, another ant, Plagiolepis longipes Jerdon, introduced into 
_ the island of Reunion from its original home in Cochin China, 
has driven out some of the primitive autochthonous species. 
We may also look forward to the appearance of this same ant 
within the warmer portions of the United States, since it has 
already been recorded by Pergande from Todos Santos in 
Lower California.* 

Still another foreign ant which has acquired a footing. in 
tropical Florida and probably also in other localities in the 
Gulf States, is Prenolepis longicornis Latreille. It has also be- 
come a common species in the green houses of temperate 
Europe and America. In some of these, asin the Jardin des 
Plantes in Paris, it has been a permanent resident for more 
than forty years. It may sometimes be found even on the top 
floors of the great apartment buildings in New York City. 
Wasmanjf has just given good reasons for believing that the 


* Formicidae of Lower California, Mexico, Proc. Cala. Acad. Se. (2) iv, 1894, p. 163. 

+ Zur Lebensweise einiger in- und auslindischen Ameisengiiste 3. Wanderungen von 
Coluocera maderze Woll. (oculata Bel.) mit Prenolepis longicornis Latr. Zeitschr. f. wiss. 
Insect.-biol. Bd. I, Heft 9. Sept. 17, 1905, pp. 384-390. 


26 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Jan., ’06 


original home of this ant is India and that it has been carried 
to all parts of the tropics in ships. He shows that it has been 
accompanied in these wanderings by two myrmecophiles, a 
Lathridiid beetle (Coluocera madere) and a small cricket 
(Myrmecophila acervorum var. flavocincta. ) 


i> 
=—or 


Notes on Collecting in Mexico. 
By J. F. McCLENDON, University of Pa., Philadelphia. 


In the summer of 1902, while seeking the cool plateau of 
Mexico as a quiet retreat to pursue my studies, I found near 
Guadalajara, Jalisco, some Neuropterous insects that were new 
to me, and the next summer planned a trip to Jalisco to col- 
lect insects and some other zoological specimens. Many of 
the specimens I took have been used in preparation of the 
Biologia Centrali-Americana, and at the request of Dr. P. P. 
Calvert I give the following account of my trip: 

On June 12, 1903, I crossed the border at Eagle Pass and 
reached Guadalajara by the Mexican International & Central 
Railways. Most of the suburbs of this city are covered 
by crops of corn and tobacco, but the ravine of the San- 
tiago forms an admirable collecting ground for an entomiol- 
ogist, and here and in some deserted parks I spent most 
of my time. The altitude and the frequent rains of this sea- 
son made the air very cool and most of the insects caught 
were nearctic, save at the bottom of the ravine, where, amid 
oranges, bananas and other tropical plants, are found many 
forms that have strayed from the hot shores of the Pa- 
cific. The further down the river I went, the more tropi- 
cal forms were met with, but as the natives were not in- 
clined to be civil, I did not go further than the Barranca de San 
Juan. One hideous night at that hacienda discouraged my 
scientific zeal, and I préferred to lose a few hours on mule 
back each day rather than repeat such an experience. I 
went up in the mountains as far as Zapotlanejo, about 
20 miles east of Guadalajara on horseback, and succeeded 
‘in returning with some specimens. Although I did not 


= jan., 06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 27 


have to sleep in the forta/, as at San Juan the best ‘‘ room’”’ 
I could get had no window. 

In September I spent a week at Tuxpan, near the construc- 
; tion camp of that branch of the Mexican Central Railway and 
- about 30 miles from the volcano of Colima. ‘That was a lonely 
= place, but the volcano, looking down on all the country round © 


_ and expressing its varying moods in wreaths of white steam or 


black smoke or casting a red glow on the clouds at night, was 
_acompanion to me. Although much nearer the sea level, 
_ Tuxpan is cool in summer and has many nearctic besides 
tropical forms of insects. The leaf-cutter ant cuts roads 
through the grass and the Kelep ant swarms up the stems of 
shrubs in the same field. At this time I did not know that 
this large ant was the one introduced against the boll weevil, 
although I looked forthe latter in vain. The natives of Tux- 
pan have some strange ceremonies developed from Indian 
dances and ideas gotten from Spanish missionaries, and the 
place is of interest to a tourist. Returning to Guadalajara I 
remained until the latter part of September, when I left the 
Republic. 


A New Fossil Ant. 


By T. D. A. CocKERELL. 


Florissant, not far from Pike’s Peak, in Colorado, has long 
been Enown as a wonderful locality for fossil plants and insects. 
It is, in fact, a sort of Tertiary Pompeii where the fauna and 
flora of an ancient period are almost perfectly preserved in fine 
_mud and sand, ejected by the volcanoes which at that time 
_ were in full operation in the Rocky Mountain region. During 
the present year, collections have been made at Florissant by 
Judge J. Henderson and Dr. F. Ramaley, of the University of 
Colorado, and while most of the specimens are plants, there 
are a few insects. In the first railroad cutting east of Floris- 
sant was obtained an excellently preserved spider, C/udbiona 
arcana Scudder, ¢; at a different place, the northwest corner 
of ‘‘ Fossil Stump Hill,’’ an ant was found belonging to an 
undescribed species. 


28 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Jan., 06 


Ponera hendersoni n. sp. . 

Q. Length about 11 mm. ; black; anterior wing about 8 mm. ; head 
rather small, length slightly over 2 mm. ; width of abdomen a little over 
2mm. Nervures strong and dark ; the venation is in general similar to 
that of P. coarctata Latr., (cf. Wheeler, Biol. Bull., 1900, p. 47), but dif- 
fers as follows: Stigma longer and narrower, its lower edge nearly 
straight ; marginal cell longer, but not approaching so near the apex of 
the wing, the latter being also more produced ; costal cell broader in the 
middle, and giving off the basal nervure further from the stigma ; first 
submarginal cell long, though not as long as the marginal ; the first sub- 
marginal extends further basad than in P. coarctata, but not so far apicad, 
as the radial nervure is given off about the middle of the stigma, instead 
of beyond its middle as in P. coarctata ; first discoidal cell longer, being 
much longer than high, with the first recurrent nervure more oblique ; 
second submarginal cell about as in P. coarcfafa. Femora rather broad. 
The abdomen and other parts seem to present no distinctive features, 
except tbat the ocelli are smaller and closer together than in P. coarctata. 


Named after the collector, who is a well-known student of 
Colorado paleontology. ‘Type in the University of Colorado 
Museum ; it is intended to publish a figure later in connection 
with a general account of the Florissant collections. 


Children, if you meet a cricket, 
Please remember not to kick it; 
Not a youth whose nature’s sweet’ll 
Strike a ladybug or beetle. 


If a daddy longlegs passes, 

Do not slay it (as alas! is 

Often done by wicked urchins; 

Who deserve the soundest birchin’s). 


When a gnat—that lively hummer, ~ r 
Which you’ll hear when it is summer, 
Comes a-buzzing round your hat, it | 

Is wrong to throw a pebble at it. 


Do not think me sentimental 
When I ask you to be gentle 
With the insect population 

Of our free and glorious nation. 


If you’re kind in this partic’lar, 

They will buzz in your auric’lar ; 

Every child, of course, can see 

What a pleasure that will be.—London Globe. - 


ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 


[The Conductors of ENTOMOLOGICAL News solicit and will thankfully receive items 
of news likely to interest its readers from any source. The author’s name will be given 
in each case, for the information of cataloguers and bibliographers.] 


To Contributors.—All contributions will be considered and passed upon at out 
earliest convenience, and, as far as may be, will be published according to date of recep- 
tion. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEws has reached a circulation, both in numbers and circumfer- 
ence, as to make it necessary to put ‘‘copy’”’ into the hands of the printer, for each num- 
ber, three weeks before date of issue. This should be remembered in sending special or 
important matter for a certain issue. Twenty-five ‘‘ extras,” without change in form, 
will be given free, when they are wanted; and this should be so stated on the MS., along 
with the number desired. The receipt of all papers will be acknowledged.—Eb. 


PHILADELPHIA, PA., JANUARY, 1906. 


It will be remembered that we decided to place on the cover 
of each volume of the NEws the most interesting, curious or 
wonderful insect described from North America in the pre- 
ceding year. We asked for suggestions from our subscribers 
as to the selection of the insect, but never received any, so if 
our selection is poor they can have no legitimate complaint. 
Our first effort resulted in a bee- 
tle being selected (/enotus enig- 
maticus Slosson), the second was 
a bee, and now we present a dip- 
teron. ‘This curious species was 
described by Mr. D. W. Coguil- 
lett in the Canadian Entomolo- 
gist, p. 347, 1905. Specimens 
were collected by Prof. Cockerell 
on the summit of Las Vegas 
Mountains, New Mexico,. and 
by Mr. Henry L. Viereck on top 
of the main range of the Rocky 
Mountains, near Beulah, New 


ss hg aspidoptera Coquillett. 
i Mexico. ‘These are probably 


identical localities. The specimens collected by Mr. Viereck 
are in the collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences of 
Philadelphia. In the future we hope to have aid from our 
subscribers in the selection of each year’s insect. 


29 


30 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Jan., ’06 


Notes and News. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL GLEANINGS FROM ALL QUARTERS 
OF THE GLOBE. 

NOMENCLATURE OF CERTAIN NORTH AMERICAN ODONATA.—Recent 
work on the ‘“ Biologia Centrali-Americana”’ has directed my attention 
to‘questions of nomenclature of-some familiar North American species 
as follows : 

1. Hagen, in his Synopsis of 1861, gave, as one of the species of 
Libellula, L. luctuosa Burm., and placed Z. dbasalis Say as a synonym 
thereof. In his Synopsis of 1875, he gave dasa/is Say as the name of the 
species and placed /ucfuwosa Burm. as the synonym, and American authors 
since have followed his later example. Hagen’s reversal was apparently 
due to a change in his ideas as to the relative priority of Burmeister’s 
and Say’s names, both of which were published in 1839. On this question 
I have no fuller information than that given by Hagen in Psyche, v, 
p. 369, but the correct name of this species now appears to be ascertain- 
able on other grounds. Mr. Kirby, in his catalogue of 1890, p. 29, uses 
luctuosa as the name of the species and dasalis as the synonym. He 
does not indicate his reason for so doing, as he has done on the same 
page in the case of axilena vs. lydia. A study of this Catalogue, how- 
ever, led me to the following data: Newman, in 1833, described Sympe- 
trum basalis (now regarded as a synonym of S. samguineum Miiller, 
1764). Stephens, in 1835, redescribed Newman’s species as ZLibe//ula 
basalis ; consequently both Say's Zzbedlula basalis of 1839, and Libellula 
basalis Burm., 1839, a name for a still different species, are homonynis ~ 
and must be rejected. The proper names and the synonymy of the 
last two species would therefore be— 


Libellula luctuosa Burm., 1839. 
Libellula basalis Say, 1839. 
Libellula odiosa Hagen, 1861. 
Belonia luctuosa et odiosa Kirby, 1890: 


Tramea incerta (Ramb., 1842). 
Libellula basalis Burm., 1839. 
Tramea basalis Kirby, 1890. . 

2. Hagen, in his Synopsis of 1861, established the genera Erythemis 
(p. 168), under which stand as species: 1. furcata Hag., 2 bicolor 
Erich., 3. dongipes Hag, and Mesothemis (p. 170) including 1. simpi- 
cicollis Say, 2. collocata Hag., 3. corrupta Hag., 4. illota Hag., 5s. 
attala Selys, 6. mithra Selys, 7. longipennis Burm. He did not spe- 
cify a type-species for either genus. This was first done by Mr. Kirby, 
in his Revision of the Libellulinz of 1889, in which he named dico/or as 
the type of Zrythemis, and simplicicollis as that of Mesothemis. Bicolor 
is a synonym of peruviana Ramb., and between this species and simp/i- 
cicollis 1 can find no differences of generic value. B6th peruviana 

9 


Jan., ’06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 31 


(bicolor) and simplicicollis must be placed in the same genus, and as 
Erythemis precedes Mesothemis in Hagen’s work, Erythemis must be 
the name of that genus. Consequently a very familiar dragonfly of the 
United States must be styled Erythemis simplicicollis (Say). 

A different conclusion will be drawn by those who take the first species 
enumerated under a new generic name asthe type thereof. Furcata 
Hagen is generically different from dicolor Erichs. and is a Cannacria 
Kirby. To the “‘first species = type” school, simplicicollis will remain 
a Mesothemis, and Cannacria will disappear as a synonym of Arythemts. 
Present rules, however, would appear to favor the preceding view, which 
is that which has been adopted for the ‘ Biologia.’ 

3. I merely mention that in the ‘Biologia’ return has been made to 
the original spelling -Zshua, instead of the later Zschna. 

PHILIP P. CALVERT. 


CORRECTION TO THE List oF NEw ENGLAND Oponata.—In the 
recently (October, 1905) published list of New England Odonata (Occa- 
sional Papers, Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vii, Fauna of New England .6. 
List of the Odonata), I included Argia apicalis (Say) on the authority 
of the late Prof. Harvey. Prof. Harvey’s record was published in the 
News, ii, p. 51. Mr. E. B.e Williamson, who recently acquired part of 
Prof. Harvey’s collection, writes me as follows: ‘‘Isee Arg. apicalis is 
recorded from New England on Harvey’s collecting. You will notice in 
Harvey’s record in Ent. News that this specimen was taken same date 
and place as putrida. A few days ago | started to list the Harvey collec- 
tion. . . andI finda 2 Argia labelled by him apicalis, date as recorded 
in Ent. News, associated in box with 29 , unlabelled. All three are 
very adult specimens of putrida. As you have probably noticed, the very 
adult 2 2 of putrida become pearly-blue like apficadis and not a dense, 
dingy-white pruinose like old males.’’ Aficalis is consequently to be 
stricken from the list, until, as is likely, it be found in New England.— 
PHILIP P. CALVERT. 


Rare Onto LEpipopTrera.—I send a few records of rare captures 
which may be of interest. On July 2nd, 1905, I took a fresh specimen of 
Calephelis borealis, and on October 3rd a torn specimen of Ca/opsilia 
eubule, both new to this locality. While bush-beating for larvz on linden I 
got a larva, which hatched out on August 3rd a fine § of Thecla m-album. 
Only once before has this been taken here. I saw in the News that 
Eros aurora had been taken in numbers in the East. On September 
17th, around two rotten stumps, I took twenty-five fresh specimens, and 
might have taken more if it had not set in to rain. I took several more 
later. Previous to this I only had one specimen. I have been especially 
interested in the Bombycidz and Geometridz, and the past season 
reared quite a number of the larvze of those species. —G. R. PILATE, 321 
Forest Avenue, Dayton, Ohio. 


32 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Jan., ’06 


Our criticism of the hasty publication of entomological facts has 
brought us a letter from Mr. Sherman and a note in print from Miss 
Soule. Both make the excuse that literature is difficult of access. It is 
a maxim that ignorance of the law excuses no one. Ignorance of pre- 
vious work should result, not in hasty publication, but in consultation of 
someone better posted, or in discreet silence. The officers of the U.S. 
National Museum will always reply to questioners seeking information 
of this nature. We would reply to Miss Soule that we have no objection 
to ‘‘popular” articles that are frankly such and give proper credit to 
antecedent work. 

We have criticised authors for hasty and uncritical work ; but there is 
another aspect of the case. What is the condition of editorial respon- 
sibility in a journal that accepts these articles without question >—HArR- 
RISON G. DYAR. 

GUELPH, CANADA, Dec. g, 1905. 
EpiITor NEws :— 

I must confess to a feeling of relief upon seeing Dr. Dyar taken to task 
in the last issue of the News by both Dr. Skinner and Miss Soule, for 
it shows that Iam not alone in my dislike for unnecessary and caustic 
rebukes. The brief article which I recently contributed to the News on 
the pupating habit of Harrisimemna tris@nata was not specially in- 
tended for use as a leading article, but even if it did so appear it does 
not seem to me that it need bring out any severe rebuke. Two other 
entomologists kindly wrote me immediately after the appearance of the 
article giving me the information I needed, and which I asked for, while 
Dr. Dyar published a brief and caustic rebuke a month later, so that it 
was of no help to me whatever. I do not see the use of one being so 
anxious to critizise every imaginary or real mistake. I wrote Dr. Dyar . 
a personal letter containing much the same sentiments expressed in Miss 
Soule’s note, and had no intention of taking this matter into print and 
only do so now lest my reticence in the matter should be misunderstood. 
If anyone will read my article in the News for October, I think he will 
agree that Dr. Dyar’s remarks in the issue for November are needlessly 
harsh, if not altogether uncalled for.—FRANKLIN SHERMAN, JR. 


WE can’t refrain from noticing Dr. Dyar’s criticism as it is so mani- 
festly unjust. We were not previously aware that the law and entomol- 
ogy were ona par, but, as Dr. Dyar says they are, that is the end of it. 
If writers for the NEws wish to submit their articles to the officers of the 
U. S. National Museum we offer no objection. That the polyphemus 
moth has stemmed and stemless cocoons has been known to the 
Editor of the News for at least thirty years, and, moreover, he published 
the fact six years before the citation given by Dr. Dyar. He is alsoaware 
that the same thing was published in 1797, and by later writers, includ- 
ing Dr. Riley, in the Missouri Reports. The writer wrote to Miss 
Soule stating he had found many such cocoons, but as he was interested 
in her studies of the matter and thought other News readers would 


., 706] _ ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 33 


e also, he put the article in the NEws. Miss Soule has a love 
- natural history and her endeavor to find out the distribution 
E the stemmed and stemless cocoon is most praiseworthy. She 
vives her experience with cocoons in Eastern New York, Massa- 
Shoset New Hampshire and Vermont, and the pith of the whole 

atter is in the concluding paragraph on page 175 of vol. xvi. We 
are not greatly troubled by Dr. Dyar’s remarks on ‘‘ The condition of 
editorial responsibility,’’ as the success of the NEws shows. We pub- 
lish in the News what we think of interest to its readers, and the assump- 
tion that everything is new and that ifit is not it is due to ignorance 
of the facts on the part of the editors is preposterous. We don’t live 
on ice water. We were also aware that the life history of Harrisitmemna 
trisignata had been studied by a number of entomologists, but as the 
article on that subject interested our readers and brought valuable com- 
__ ment we are also satisfied on that score. Our space is too valuable and 
2 aenifod to publish a bibliography with each article.—H. S. 


sy dp Polyphemus Cocoons.—In answer to my question about the forms 

of Me Biaipncmis cocoons, I have had many interesting letters - whose reports 
3 give briefly. 

_ From Massachussetts, Rhode Island, Coniecticnt and Vermont ‘‘ no 

‘stems ”? were reported ; “never heard of one with a stem ”’ Bree: added 

more than once. 

_ Delaware, New York, and Pennsylvania report both forms, sometimes 

‘one given as predominating, sometimes the other. 

One collector in New Jersey gives figures: out of 20,000 cocoons but 

‘200 had stems. 

Missouri has both forms according to two collectors ; all stems, accord- 

ing to one, all stems except one specimen, according to another. 

Sane aee all stems except one specimen 5 

_ Ohio—all stems, ‘‘even when spun in a cage,”’ one student writes. 

- From Canada a small percentage of stems is reported, and this form is 

thought, by two persons, to be made by diseased or parasitized larvee 

in Canada. 

_Cocoons with stems, sent me from the West, gave superb moths, but 

% two similar ones gave parasites, indicating that these have no connection 

with the form of cocoon. 

Of course, these reports are not enough to justify any theory, and the 

reports from any state might be balanced by the experience of collectors 

who have not sent any information, so there is nothing final reached. 

One interesting fact was given. A collector wrote that the form with 

stems was always found on maples on the streets of towns, while the 
_stemless form was found in the woods, either on the ground or spun 

; against the trunk or branch of a tree. The same difference was noted by 

_two other persons, one of whom suggested that the suspension might be 

_ because in the streets the leaves on the ground were cleared away in the 

autumn, —CAROLINE Gray SOULE. 


34 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Jan., ’06 


STRATEGUS INJURING DATE-PALMS.—Professor R. H. Forbes recently 
sent me a fine male S/rategus julianus, which he reported as eating 
roots of date palms in Arizona. I am indebted to Mr. Fall for assist- 
ance in determining the species. In Alabama, S. anf@us has been 
reported to injure peach roots (c/. Bull. 22, Div. Ent., Dep. Agr., p. 105. 
—T. D. A. CoCKERELL. . . 


THE DistTRIBUTION OF HELICONIUS CHARITONIUS LINNAZUS IN THE 
UNITED StateEs.—That this distinctly tropical butterfly has a wider 
range within the United States than has heretofore been assigned to 
it by authors has come to the knowledge of the writer. One of his 
valued correspondents, residing in Waco, Texas, informs him in a recent 
letter that he has captured three specimens of the insect at the latter 
place, and he is further informed by one of his assistants, who was long 
resident in Kansas, that he himself has seen several specimens in the 
possession of local collectors in Kansas, which were taken in the southern 
part of that State. That these specimens taken in Kansas are individuals 
which strayed northward is no doubt true, but that the insect occurs in 
considerable numbers as far north as central Texas is proved by recent 
observations. If occurring as far north as Kansas, it may also well 
occur, and undoubtedly does occur, in Louisiana, and possibly also as a 
straggler in Arkansas.--W. J. HOLLAND. 


INsECT GaLLs.—There has just come to hand a very useful and nicely- 
illustrated paper on the ‘‘Insect galls of Indiana,’’ written by Dr. M. T. 
Cook (who is now in Cuba), and published by the Department of Geo- © 
logy and Natural Resources of Indiana. It is much to be hoped that 
this paper will stimulate interest in this rather neglected subject, which 
in Europe has such a large following that a journal is published, devoted 
exclusively to it. While we must confess that galls have received 
only a small fraction of the attention they deserve in this country, 
we must protest against the idea prevalent in some quarters that nothing 
has been done. On two different occasions, Dr. Bessey referred (in Sc7z- 
ence) to Dr. Cook’s papers as if they constituted practically the first lit- 
erature on galls in America. Even Dr. Cook himself, although he 
announces that he is working on a monograph of the insect-galls of North 
America, states that Coccid galls have only been reported from Austra- 
lia, whereas they are known from the United States, Ceylon, South 
Africa, etc. ‘ 

I notice that Dr. Cook retains the name Pemphigus vagabundus Walsh, 
for the gall on cottonwood usually known by this name. Oestlund 
(Aphididz of Minnesota, 1887, p. 22) showed that. this was not the true 
vagabundus of Walsh, but did not propose a new name. I propose that 
the P. vagabundus of Oestlund, described in the place cited, be known 
as Pemphigus estlundi. It is found as far west as Colorado. Walsh’s 
species is probably unrecognizable.—T. D. A. COCKERELL. | 


in., 06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 35 


_A FEATHERED worm has made its appearance in different parts of the 
tz te of North Carolina, and a number of people have been made very 
| by its bite. — 

- The insect is not unlike a white earth worm, but has a covering of 
bi own down, similar to that of a young bird. Its bite is so poisonous 
that in a few seconds after receiving the wound the victim swells enor- 
10usly and displays symptoms not unlike those of a snake bite. 

The worm feeds on maple trees and rose bushes. Its presence on the 
utter accounts for the number of women victims. No one is able to 
classify the insect. Several specimens are being prepared for shipment 
to Washington for examination to establish its identity. — New York Times. 


Doings of Societies. 


The October meeting of the Newark Entomological Society 
was held on the 8th, with President Keller in the chair and 24 
members present. 

Messrs. J. Schmich, M. Schulze and B. Porter were proposed 
and elected to membership. 

_ The following captures were reported : 

_ Arctia rectilinea, by Mr. Wormsbacher. 

_Melanomma auricinctaria (Lep.) and Catocala relicta at New- 
ark, by Mr. Broadwell. 

Mr. Buchholz exhibited a 6 of Argynnis idalia, caught 
= by himself at Plainfield, N. J., with primaries almost black ; 

| secondaries entirely black on top and marginal row of silvery 
spots underneath absent; submarginal row almost wanting 
and inner ones greatly reduced. 

Semiophora janualis, Agrotis geniculata, Porosagrotis mure- 
_ nule, Mamestra laudabilis and Acronycta tritona at Lakehurst, 
_ N.J., were reported by Messrs. Keller and Buchholz. 

_ After adjournment of the business meeting the 21st anni- 

__versary of the Society was celebrated; a good supper and 
_ refreshments were amply provided for by the committee in 
_ charge. The music wasfurnished by Professors Weidt and 
_ Wormsbacher and an all around good humor prevailed until 
the end. 

_ The November meeting of the Newark Entomological So- 
_ ciety was held on the 12th, with President Keller in the chair 
and 13 members present. 
|The officers’ election resulted as follows: President, Mr, 


36 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Jan., ’06 


Geo. J. Keller, re-elected ; Vice President, Mr. H. H. Brehme; 
Secretary, Mr. Otto Buchholz, re-elected ; Treasurer, Mr. S. 
Seib, re-elected ; Librarian, Mr. Wm. Broadwell, re-elected ; 
Curator (Lep.), Mr. J. B. Angelman, re-elected; Curator 
(Col.), Mr. E. A. Bischoff, re-elected. 

Mr. Wasmuth exhibited some rare specimens of Lepidoptera; 
among them were: Sphinx franckit, Sphinx canadensis, Ellema 
coniferarum (larvee), Papilio philenor wasmuthi, 2 of Arctia 
nevadensis, Catocala elda anda 9 of Argynnis nokomts. 

Mr. Buchholz had specimens of a new species of Acronycta 
caught at Elizabeth, N. J. OTtro BucHHOLZ, Secretary. 


Minutes of meeting of Brooklyn Entomological Society, held 
at the residence of Mr. George Franck, 1o40 DeKalb avenue, 
Brooklyn, N. Y., on October 5, 1905. Highteen persons pres- 
ent, the president in the chair. Mr. James Lever, of Brook- 
lyn, was duly elected a member. : 

Prof. John B. Smith gave an outline of the work connected 
with the extermination of mosquitoes in Staten Island and the 
adjacent Long Island salt marshes, with photographs showing 
apparatus and localities. Investigation had proved that in the 
spring of 1905, Culex sollicittans did not breed in New Jersey, 
but did breed on Staten Island, from whence the insects had 
been traced in their flight to the Orange Mts. and thence to 
Madison and Morristown, N. J. It became essential therefore 
that action should be taken by the New York City authorities, 
who had accordingly, upon application, appropriated $17,0v0, 
based on the report and estimate of Mr. Brehme, who had ex- 
amined the conditions on the Island. This sum had been further 
reduced on advertised bids to $15,500 and the work of elimina- 
ting mosquito breeding areas there was rapidly progressing. 
The Brooklyn City Railroad Company was also greatly aiding 
in the matter by removing ashes on specially constructed box 
cars, each car conveying four giant ash cans holding many 
tons of material, which, by means of cranes, was expeditiously 
dumped upon the Coney Island and Gravesend marshes, 
whereby, not only was the refuse promptly taken away, but 
much worthless meadow was being reclaimed and made val- 


., 06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 37 


- uable and incidentally the breeding places of mosquitoes were 
g becoming greatly diminished. 
Professor Smith further explained that the unusual freedom 
from mosquitoes which large sections of Long Island enjoyed 
_ the past summer was due to the lack of rain during the pre- 
4 vious spring and the consequent drying up of pools and 
_ marshes to such an extent that subsequent showers proved 
insufficient to provide moisture enough for the development of 
the eggs and larvee. 

“Mr. Wasmuth exhibited a fine series of Apantesis otthona 
and variation vecti/inea, the latter heretofore recorded only 
from the Mississippi Valley, which he had found resting on 
grass stems in a field near Woodhaven, L. I., about May 15. 
Mr. H. H. Newcomb, of Boston, being present, gave the 
Society much interesting information concerning the progress 
of things entomological and collections in that city. | 

peaner ARCHIBALD C. WEEKS, Secretary. 


A stated meeting of the Feidman Collecting Social, of 

Philadelphia, was held November 15, 1905, 11 members pres- 
ent. eae ; 
a _ Mr. Laurent exhibited specimens of Zvrann7s tiliaria and 
4 Euchlaena obtusaria, taken at Mount Airy, Philadelphia. The 
_ first-named species was not in Mr. Laurent’s list of Pennsyl- 
vania moths published some time ago. 

_ Mr. Daecke stated that he had received a communication 
from Professor Hine in which he reports a typical specimen of 
Chrysops amazon from New Hampshire. Mr. Daecke also 
exhibited specimens of Rhagoletis pomonella, bred on huckle- 
berry. 

_ A few overripe huckleberries infested by small dipterous 
larvee were collected at Da Costa, N. J., Aug. 16, 1904. The 
larvee went into the ground to pupate. One imago emerged 
May 31st, 1905, and proved to be Rhagoletis pomonella Walsh, 
belonging to the family Trypetidz. ‘The larva is the well- 
known apple maggot. 

Mr. Wenzel exhibited the work of a Scolytid in roots of 
huckleberry. The species is Corthylus punctatissimus, taken by 


38 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Jan., ’06 


Mr. Wenzel, Jr., on October 22nd, at Cape May Court House. 
This is the only subterranean Scolytid known. 

Mr. H.W. Wenzel exhibited a collection of Coleoptera, made 
by H. Wenzel, Jr., on Tybee island, on the coast of Georgia, 
during the latter part of July, approximating 3,000 speci- 
mens. The collection contained a great number of very 
interesting species. Carabidae were rarely found on the 
ground. A species of Gelasimus (fiddeler crab) is sole pro- 
prietor of all soil in the woods. In going over the collection 
the speaker dwelt on the following species: By beating trees, 
Pterostichus submarginatus, Plochionus amandus, and other 
Carabidae were found. Among the Histeridae a beautiful 
blue species near Paromalus—probably a new species. In the 
Elateridae several very interesting species—Dendrocharis flavi- 
cornis, Stethon errans, Nematodes pavidus ; a species near Mono- 
crepidius, unknown to the speaker, was found at night on 
the sand hills near the beach ; this is a pale unicolored insect. 
In Buprestidae—Xenorhipes brendeli, Actenodes auronotatus and 
other species. Dyrapetes geminatus and D. rubricollis. In Cler- 
idae Hydnocera aegra and other species. Ptinidae—twenty 
species were taken, including several species recently described 
by Mr. Fall. In Scarabzideze, a number of species, Lachnos- 
terna glaberrima being common. Cerambycidae are repre- 
sented by a number of species. Lypsiména fuscata in numbers 
showing a great difference in size. Chrysomelidae represented 
by a number of species. Aruchus coryphae and B. cruentatus, 
the former a most beautiful species, in numbers. . Tenebrio- 
nidae not numerous, Platydema cyanescens, a fine species was 
taken. Oedemeridae, Mordellidae and Anthici are represented, 
formicomus scitulus a beautiful little species was found com- 
mon with Mecynotarsus candidus and Anthicus pallens. ‘The 
Curculionidae are well represented, especially Conotrachelus 
and allied genera, probably one or two new species. Scoly- 
tidae not numerous. Anthribidae are well represented. 

A complete list of all species found on Tybee Island by Dr. 
Castle and Mr. Wenzel will be published in ENTOMOLOGICAL 
NEWS. 

F. HAImBACcH, Secretary. 


- 
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EnT. NEws, Vol. X VII. 


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63 64 65 66 o7 
EYE MACULATIONS OF THE GENUS CHRYSOPS. 
All figures are taken from feniales except those marked ¢. 
- 4 C. celer 16 C. montanus 29-30 C. bistellatus 50-51 C. sequax 
5 C. fugax 17-19 C. callidus 31-32 C. moechus 52 C. striatus 
6- 7 C. niger 20 C. delicatulus 33-35 C. obsoletus 53 C. cursim 
8 C. amazon 21-23 C. dimmocki 36-39 C. univittatus 54-60 C. pudicus 
g C. plangens 24 C. indus 40-42 C. fallax 61-62 C. brunneus 
10-13 C. nxigribimbo 25-26 C. morosus 43 C. marens 63-67 C. flavidus 
14-15 C. dbrimleyi 27-28 C. hilarts 44-49 C. vittatus 


_ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 


_ PROCEEDINGS OF THE SToMoLeetCal SECTION 


ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA. 


Vou. XVII. FEBRUARY, 1906. No. 2. 


=> 
CONTENTS: 
t eT aaah See wh 
Daecke—On the Eye-Coloration of the Smith—Some Notes on the Bee Genus 
PUMMOS CCUTYGODS. 2.6.5.6 60s cceses. 39 Cemmolicatia Sacro. os occa uaeaks 57 
Wickham—The Races of Cicindela Troop—A New Aphid ..........+...6.. 59 
_ tranquebarica Hbst.............+++ 43 | Brues—A New Subapterous Encyrtid.. 61 
Coquillett—A New Tabanus Related to Kellogg—A Gigantic New Biting Bird- 
NEN Gayo biae n'elslely 0. d be e-0ie 48 eNO ys Se ALA Sah eee eke eee 62 
Howard—Prof. Berlese’s Apparatus for Wellman—Observations on the Biono- 
Collecting Small Arthropods Rap- ‘mics of Auchmeromyia luteola Fab. 64 
idly and in Great Quantities....... Bh 8s TUN i Wc cre eakes din nio 05 SONY ah howler 68 
Dela Torre Bueno—On Some Aquatic Notes and NewS.......ssseeesesee ot PSD 
. ; Hemiptera from Costa Rica, Cen- Doms Of “Societies 6355 eFesn whi eevee 70 
SN MNNNOR ypc Vie ie veldeesscssccls 54 


On the Eye-Coloration of the Genus Chrysops. 


By E. DAECKE. 
(Plate 1.) 

‘Little has been recorded on the eye-maculation of Chry- 
sops, yet every student of this interesting genus, when in 
doubt of where to place a specimen will examine the eyes in 
order to obtain additional information to separate it from its 
allied forms. 
Baron Osten-Sacken, in his Prodrome, Part 1, page 369, has 
_ briefly referred to this character. 
_ ‘The fact that the design disappears as soon as the insect is 
ied makes it inconvenient for study, and to relax the speci- 
_ men, which will bring the image back again to some extent, is 
_ done at the risk of ruining it. This, combined with the fact 
that the design-variation in some species is so great as to run 
into and correspond with that of other species, likely has 
_ caused students to carefully avoid writing on this subject. 
The vast design- variation in the species renders a synoptic 


39 


40 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., ’06 


table of this genus by this character impossible, but enough 
matter of value remains that I deem it expedient to offer these 
remarks accompanied by the figures, and hope that it may 
stimulate to further research in this direction. 

My observations were mainly made on the New Jersey 
species, though a few others, so far not recorded from New 
Jersey, have been figured. 

The figures are taken from females except Nos. 19, 32, 40 
and 43, which are marked ¢. 

The design of the male eye necessarily differs from that 
of the female. The male eye being holoptic the design is 
longer and drawn toward the vertex. As arule it is indistinct 
in the vertical region or fades away entirely, a reddish bronze 
lustre frequently taking its place. The upper spot near the 
frontal margin is seldom recognizable, The middle spot, gen- 
erally present, rarely corresponds in shape with that of the 
female. It is generally elongated toward the vertex, in which 
direction it frequently loses its definite contour. In C. cali- 
dus the shape of lower frontal spot and its contiguity to the 
frontal margin (Fig. 19), in C. moechus the arrow-head (Fig. 
32) betray the identity with their respective females. The 
male fallax resembles the female in its linear shaft which is 
disconnected from the arrow-head and occipital border (Fig. 
40). On account of their scarcity the eyes of males of only a 
few species have been studied. 

The normal eye of Chrysops consists of six purple spots on 
a green ground-color. 

1. The occipital border, generally indentated in the middle, 
along the occipital margin. 

2. The arrow-head, in front of the indentation of the occip- 
ital border, pointing downward. 

3. The shaft, either attached to or disconnected from the 
arrow-head, upwards. 

4. The upper frontal spot 

5. The middle frontal spot ? along the frontal margin. 

6. The lower frontal spot 

It does not matter what shape these spots assume or in 
what manner they combine with each other, these six spots 


Feb., ’06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 41 


can always be recognized by their relative positions. There 
__ may be two, three, four, five or all connected with each other, 

_ thus it will happen that in C. dimmocki and C. indus all spots 
are connected in some way. Again there may be as many 
ten spots (C. flavidus), but it will be readily seen 
that this greater number is caused by the subdivision of some 
of the above-named maculations. 

_ The arrow-head and middle spot either coalesce or are sep- 
arated in the same species (see celer, niger, callidus, dimmockz). 
The same may be said of arrow-head and occipital border be- 
low (nigribimbo, dimmocki, flavidus, etc.) The coalescence of 
upper spot, shaft and occipital border near vertex is equally 
unreliable as a distinguishing character (umzvittatus, pudicus) 
_ but the connection and separation of border and occipital mar- 
gin appear to be singularly permanent ; thus in all specimens 
a examined of flavidus the occipital border is separated from the 
margin, while in drunneus, a closely allied species to flavidus, 
itis united to it. (Fig. 61 is taken from a New Jersey speci- 
men, Fig. 62 from a specimen from Ohio). 

- The eye of pudicus resembles that of brunneus, here the 
Ds border also joins the occipital margin, but the middle spot 
is distinctly different from that of drunneus. See figure. 
_--—«*‘The eyes of pudicus and cursim seem to be identical in 
-maculation. Not enough specimens of cursim were procurable 
to enable me to come to a definite conclusion. 

In brunneus, flavidus, pudicus and cursim the shaft is always 
disconnected from arrow-head. 

__.__Vittatus has its border joining the occipital margin; in one 
case only it was found to be partly separated. 

: All specimens examined of striatus and seguax had the bor- 


: Niger and brimleyi are closely allied species and also have a 
strong resemblance in their eye-maculation. In drimleyi, how- 


42 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., ’06 


well for all specimens examined of fugax. Nos. 1 and 2 are 
the rule, Nos. 3 and 4 the exceptions of celer. 

About fifty specimens of p/angens were examined and Fig. 9 
suffices for all of them. 

The eye of amazon resembles that of ce/er but the shaft of 
amazon is curiously divided in the middle, the upper part con- 
nected with occipital border, the lower part with arrow-head. 

In fallax the shaft is generally free, that is, neither con- 
nected above or below ; in rare cases it is connected with arrow- 
head. In this species the occipital border is subdivided in the 
middle, the lower portion of border partly coalesces with occi- 
pital margin. 

Callidus, dimmocki and indus are the only New Jersey species 
in which the upper and lower frontal spots coalesce with frontal 
margin. ‘The pattern of dimmocki is generally very heavy, 
the green background often reduced to fine lines surrounded 
by the purple maculation. The design of cal/idus corresponds 
at times with that of zzdus, but as a rule the lower frontal spot 
of callidus has a tendency to terminate scroll-shaped, which 
has not been observed in zzdus. 

The two figures of Jdzstellatus show the extreme range of 
maculation of all the known specimens. 

Delicatulus has often been mistaken for a light and small 
form of callidus ; the eye, however, shows decided differences. 
The upper and lower frontal spots of delicatulus are not con- 
nected with the frontal margin, the upper spot merges into 
the occipital border, crowding out the shaft which, at this 
juncture, is usually disconnected. 

fiilaris, which has so far not been recorded from New 
Jersey, is the only other species thus far examined in which 
the upper spot joins the occipital border without allowing the 
shaft its respectively intermediate position, the shaft frequently 
being abbreviated. 

This paper represents the result of only one summer’s ob- 
servations, and there is no doubt that many other variations of 
the species figured will be found. It remains to be seen to 
what an extent the widely distributed species will show design- 
variation from those that have been studied. 


-Feb., ’06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 43 


The Races of Cicindela tranquebarica Hbst. 
By H. F. Wicxuam, Iowa City, Iowa. 


ac. 


ig Almost every writer who has had occasion to treat of C7z- 
a ~ cindela tranquebarica Ubst. (C. vulgaris Say), makes some 
mention of the extraordinary range of variation exhibited. 
Nor need we wonder at this variation, when we consider 
for a moment the vast extent of country inhabited by 
tranguebarica in some of its many forms. From the low- 
lands of the Gulf States, Mississippi, Georgia and Louisi- 
ana, it reaches northward through the Carolinas to Up- 
per Canada and the maritime provinces. It occupies prac- 
tically the entire region drained by the Mississippi River and 
its tributaries, from the Alleghenies to the Rocky Mountains, 
extending far into the British possessions of Manitoba and 
Alberta. On the great interior plateau between the Wasatch 
and the Sierra Nevada, it runs and flies along the scanty 
streams, or hunts its prey on the bitter flats of the alkaline 
lakes. ‘To the south the Rio Grande basin is also invaded, 
and the western outposts, split more or less into beautiful 
local races, occupy the vales and mountains of the Pacific 
Coast. 

a In spite of the differences in size, color and hairiness ex- 
: hibited by specimens from different parts of the country, it is 
no easy matter to settle upon characters whereby the races 
may be accurately defined. In some districts a form may 
occur which, within a limited area, seems to be definable by 
features of constancy and apparent importance—and we are 
tempted into describing it as a new race or subspecies. But in 
another locality, we find these characters utterly unstable and 
consequently have to abandon them as bases of subspecific 
___ separation, unless we make the citation of a locality label the 
__ most important part of our diagnosis. 

q The separation of the species into ‘‘ varieties’? by Mr. Leng, 
in his recent ‘‘ revision’’ is to my mind, open to certain ob- 
jections. Some of the characters used are shown by sufficient 
material to be entirely ephemeral and not confined to speci- 
mens from any special district. In one case, I believe, he has 


44 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., ’06 


been misled by wrong interpretation of the meaning of an 
earlier writer. Iam also at loss to understand why he sinks 
tranqguebarica Hbst. as a synonym, giving precedence to the 
much later name vu/garis Say. If we are satisfied that the 
name /vanqguebarica was applied by Herbst to this species, the 
fact of the habitat being wrongly attributed is, under present 
laws of nomenclature, no valid excuse for its rejection. 

It is not my intention to propose new names for any of the 
numerous local forms, readily enough separable by an ex- 
perienced eye, though possessing no positive definitive char- 
acters; but rather to call attention to some of the districts 
over which these imperfectly differentiated forms are distri- 
buted and the manner in which they again subdivide and inter- 
grade. In general it may be said that the following rules 
hold good with the aggregate known as C. tranquebarica (or 
vulgaris) and its varieties, race or subspecies. Exceptions oc- 
cur, of course. 

1. The specimens from the extreme southeastern portion of 
the range are small and nearly dead blackish, with scarcely any 
trace of cupreous on the upper side. A series from North Car- 
olina (given me by Mr. Edw. D. Harris) and from Mississippi, 
runs only about .50 inch inlength. The markings in this form 
are narrow, the humeral lunule shorter and more transverse 
than usual. 3 

2. Inthe upper Mississippi valley, the Middle States, New 
England and Canada, occurs a larger form, with the upper 
surface obscurely bronzed or nearly black, the markings 
broader and better developed, the humeral lunule longer and 
less transverse. In size the average is about .60inch. This 
is presumably the type described as vulgaris by Say, and is so 
called by Mr. Leng. 

3. In the more northerly portion of this range, is found 
occasionally a form more bronzed and a little hairier, called by 
Mr. Leng, C. horiconensis. This name, I think unnecessary, 
the abberation being illy defined and not a geographical race 
in the true sense of the word, occurring side by side with the 
blackish specimens. It also passes insensibly into the next, 
and I should follow Dr.W. Horn in relegating it to synonomy. 


 Feb., 06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 45 


_ 4. In the arid and semi-arid regions of the middle west, 
from New Mexico through Colorado, eastern Montana, Kan- 
sas, Nebraska, Dakota, Manitoba, Assiniboia and Alberta, we 
find a better marked race of (usually) rather distinctly metal- 
lic upper surface, with broad markings, the humeral lunule 
complete and the middle band frequently expanded on the 
margin. This is od/iguata Kirby, and is so recognized by Mr. 
Leng. It is, however, not very well differentiated, a great 
number of the specimens being about equally well referable to 
obliguata or to horiconensis. Others runinto vibex. Dr. Horn 
sinks it as a synonym, and I am disposed to agree with him 
in this course, recognizing, however, that od/iguata is much 
more worthy of being retained than is horiconensis. ‘The ex- 
treme specimens are very different-looking from the eastern 
tranquebarica. 
5. In specimens from the western edge of the ordinary 
range of the above form, we find a well-marked tendency to 
partial obliteration of the humeral lunule. Asa rule, this is 
accompanied by a preponderance of the greenish cast in the 
coloring of the upper surface, until in some portions of the 
Pacific district and the adjacent interior basin the coppery 
color is almost entirely replaced by a brilliant green. These 
green forms have thus been classified by Mr. Leng, in his 
Revision : , 
‘Bright green, humeral lunule broken . : vibex Horn. 
Brilliant blue-green, humeral lunulelacking . sierra Leng. 
Dull green, humeral lunule broken . . voguensis Harris. 
All of these forms are well represented in the material be- 
fore me, but I do not agree with Mr. Leng in his assignment 
_ ofnames. The types of Mr. Harris’ C. voguensis were from a 
_ locality distant but fifty or sixty miles from that of the type of 
vibex and some specimens of the first named (in my collection) 
from the Rogue River might well be called rather bright green, 
_ though in general they are somewhat dull. I think the name 
_ roguensis should sink as a true synonym of vibex, the distinc- 
ie. tion being merely the evanescent one of depth or brilliance in 
color. In fact, soI am told by Dr. Walther Horn, the type 
of vibex is not of the brilliant green of the San Bernardino Co, 


46 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., ’06 


(California) specimens, which have been doing duty as vzbex, 
but of a duller shade. He writes me of an interesting fact 
in this connection, of which J was altogether ignorant, namely, 
that in southern California vzbex is dimorphic, apparently ac- 
cording to season. He says that the bright green form occurs 
from May to October, the dull form in April. The explana- 
tion, he suggests, may be sought in the effects of the winter 
rains upon the development of the early spring form. — It is 
worth mentioning that the bright southern Californian speci- 
mens are much more brilliant than any of those from Oregon. 

C. sierra Leng, the remaining described green form, occur- 
ring in the Sierra Nevada, may stand for the time as a fairly 
well-marked subspecies. It is a mountain race with much 
reduced markings, but this feature in itself is of little value, as 
will appear shortly. 

Several weeks ago, I received from Mr. Knaus a pair of a 
bright green species of Cicindela taken near Las Vegas, Ne- 
vada, by Mr. Tom Spalding. They were of rather smaller 
size than the average videx (measuring .52 inch), with short 
humeral lunule, middle band minus the deflexed portion, apical 
lunule complete. Misled by the general appearance, I at first 
took them for representatives of a new form of the vepanda 
group, but subsequent examination of the labrum and vesti- 
ture showed them to belong to the ¢vanquebarica series. A 
request for more specimens brought two others from Mr.’ 
Knaus and two from Mr. Spalding, the six representing his 
whole catch. The remarkable feature of this little collection 
is that no two of the individuals are alike, but they exhibit 
among themselves various modifications of pattern from full 
development to almost the reduced style of stevra. The figures 
annexed will show the gradation. With only 4, 5 and 6, at 
hand, I should probably have separated a new “‘ race’ to be 
characterized by the small size and the loss of the 4p of the 
humeral lunule (a rare feature in the tranguebarica aggregate ) 
but the examination of the others induced me to refrain from 
adding anothername. Iconsider these specimens as belonging 
to a plastic local race, closely related to the brilliant southern 
Californian vzbex (aut. post.), showing the intimate relations 


Feb., ’06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 47 


of the green races and their probable late development. It 
will be noticed by those who have plenty of material, that the 
bright green San Bernardino specimens tend to complete mark- 
ings, without the interruption of the 
humeral lunule that should really 


J fo) 3 
characterize videx. ‘The discovery of , 
a variable green form in the Great 
Basin is of much interest, the remark- 
able influence upon the beetles colo- 
1 2 3 


nized within its limits having already 
been touched upon elsewhere. The 


2 9 ) 
small lakes, now rapidly drying up, 
evidently obtained their littoral faunze 
from some common source, as I have 
shown.* Minor modifications of color 2 , 


and pattern, resulting in the formation 

of more or less important local races are commonly noticed 
among the faunze of the various lake shores and Cicindela 
tranquebarica is, in this respect, no exception. 

The type of this species found most abundantly in the 
Great Basin is the form od/zqguata in some of its manifestations 
—that is to say, a rather widely marked insect of large size, 
more or less metallic above. ‘There is, however, in Utah 
specimens, a strong tendency to disappearance of the sub-basal 
portion of the humeral lunule and the marginal part of the 
median band, producing an elytral pattern like that of typical 
vibex. Several of my specimens from Provo are almost identical 
in this respect with others from British Columbia, sent me by 
Mr. Harris. At Great Salt Lake, Sevier Lake and Humboldt 
Lake, there seems to be a larger proportion of blackish, almost 
non-metallic specimens (the ground color of the upper surface 
being referred to) with moderately wide complete patterns, 
while at Bridgeport, California (still within the Basin), occurs 
a form almost dead black above, fully and widely marked, very 
different in appearance from those of the more eastern portions 
of the Basin. | 

I have not seen C. plutonica Casey, which is classed by Dr. 


*American Naturalist, Sept., 1904. Report Entom. Soc. Ontario, 1904. 


48 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., ’06 


W. Horn as a subspecies of ¢vanguebarica. It is described 
from Placer Co., California, and is reported by Mr. Leng as 
occuring also in Oregon. Accepting Dr. Horn’s dictum in 
regard to the position of this form, my suggested arrangement 
of the ¢vanguebarica series would be as follows : 
Cicindela ¢tranguebarica Herbst. 
Syn.—vulgaris Say, obliguata Dej., Kby., kirbyt Lec., 
horiconensis Leng. 

Subsp.—zibex Horn. 

Syn.—voguensis Harris. 
Aber.—vzbex aut. post. 

Subsp.—szerra Leng. 

Subsp.—plutonica Casey. 

From what has been written concerning the various geogra- 
phical races and local forms, it will be noticed at once that the 
species as a whole is more homogeneous in the northern parts 
of the range, while to the south it tends to split into many 
imperfectly differentiated assemblages of less than specific 
value. A nice problem is offered to some student who will 
undertake to work out the details of probable origin and dif- 
fusion of the many types of Czcindela in North America. 


A New Tabanus Related to punctifer. 


By D. W. CoguiLLEtTt. 


Tabanus subniger n. sp.—Near punctifer but larger, base of front tibize 
not whitish, abdomen with white hairs along the sides and apex, etc. 
Black, with a tinge of brown, the mesonotum and scutellum brownish 
yellow, gray pruinose and covered with white hairs ; elsewhere the hairs 
are chiefly black except along the sides and apex of the abdomen where 
there are many white ones which become more numerous posteriorly ; 
front calypteres also fringed with white hairs. Front very broad above 
the subcallus with parallel sides, this portion being about two and a half 
times as long as wide, subcallus opaque, grayish pruinose, callus pol- 
ished, transversely oval and with an indistinct, linear prolongation above. 
Eyes bare. Wings gray; costal cell and stigma pale brown, a brown 
cloud at base of second submarginal and of the posterior cells. Length, 
25 mm. 


Lake Forest, Illinois. A female collected March 27, 1904, 
by Dr. J. G. Needham. Type No. 8301, U. S. Nat. Mus. 


_ Feb., ’06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 49 


Professor Berlese’s Apparatus For Collecting Small 
‘Arthropods Rapidly and in Great Quantities. 


| | By L. O. HowARD. 

While visiting the laboratory of Professor Antonio Berlese 
in Florence in June last, I was greatly interested in an appar- 
atus which he has prepared for collecting small insects and 
other arthropods very rapidly and in very great numbers, and 
which it seemed to me obviated in large measure the la- 
borious process known to entomologists as ‘‘sifting.’’ He 
showed me the apparatus practically in operation, and showed 
me further large numbers of vials filled with Thysanura, My- 
riapoda, Acarina and the like, which in number and variety 
afforded a perfect revelation to me. Since returning to this 
country I have had one of the smaller styles of the apparatus 
made, and have tested it during the month of December with 
leaves and rubbish collected on the grounds of the Depart- 
ment of Agriculture and with very considerable success; so 
much so, in fact, that I wish to bring the apparatus to the at- 
tention of English-speaking entomologists. No doubt had I 
used leaves or top soil of old and long undisturbed wooded 
regions the results achieved would have been vastly greater 
than they have with the material tested; but even this, as 
just stated, has been very satisfactory. Professor Berlese’s 
description and statement concerning results was published in 
Redia, vol. II, No. 1, shortly after my visit, and his article, 
very freely translated, is as follows: 

Within this last year I have devised an apparatus which is 
very simple and very effective, with which I collect in great 
numbers and without fatigue, the small Arthropods as well as 
insects of all the following orders: Myriapoda, Symphyla, 
Pauropoda, Chelifera and Arachnida, and especially Acarida 
however small, without any danger of being able to escape. 
Of the Collembola, which are so difficult to collect because 
they spring, I have taken a very great number. 

All those living creatures which are found to be present in 
_ the mosses, among the dead leaves under the trees, in decay- 
_ ing wood, in humus, in decomposing substances, etc., are col- 


50 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., ’06 


lected in a tube containing alcohol, which is attached to the 
apparatus under discussion, and on the part of the naturalist 
there is no further trouble than to separate them and study 
them. ‘The apparatus consists of a large funnel which slides 
into a glass tube containing alchohol and this funnel is sur- 
surrounded by water heated to 60° to 100°. On top of the 
funnel there is placed a sort of square tray of metallic net- 
work (a sieve) upon which is placed the material to be ex- 
amined, and this material should naturally be sufficiently 
humid to restrain the living insects from escaping. Whether 


ee (- 


Z / Lp), P=: V, 
WA pie KWH} 
‘ WY, A WINWWN HE Yj = 


Fic. Rs cr ie for direct heating: A, exterior receptacle containing water; 2, 
interior funnel; C, vessel having the bottom of metallic net work; D, substance for ex- 
amination; £, funnel for introducing the water; /, small glass tube containing alcohol, 
where the insects are collected, this being connected to the apex of the funnel by a short 
tube (a) of India rubber ; G, feet supporting the apparatus ; Z, Jamp for heating; /, India 
rubber tube for carrying off the gas; JV, faucet for discharge. 


the material in the tray, passing gradually (although rapidly 
enough) through and losing some of its moisture causes the 
insects to fall to the bottom, or whether these are attracted by 
the heat beneath, it is certain that they all try to reach the 
metallic net and there they pass through, falling into the 
metallic funnel. 7 


Feb., ’06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 51 


But the walls of the funnel, thanks to the water surround- 
ing them, are so warm that the insects cannot remain, and 
they fall, rolling downward until they enter the tube contain- 
ing alcohol, in which only a very small quantity of detritus is 
collected. 

It is necessary, however, not to shake or stir the apparatus 
or the material during this operation, to avoid the falling of 
too much detritus together with the insects. 


» 
\ 
9 5 
% il S 
. WW} 
u t SS 
SSN 


y Q 


er 


RUM TOM omni unineme! 
7 


quer TIT TTT nT 


: 


ote 


‘lll 


_ Fic. 2,—Apparatus for indirect heating by means of the boiler og): In the figure at the 
right we see the manner of inserting the glass tube containing the alcohol into the apex 
of the funnel, that is by means of a ring or very short tube of India rubber (a). 


ql 


The figures, which show two styles of such apparatus, repre- 
sent in one case (Fig. 1) the heating by direct application, 
and in the other case (Fig. 2), by means of a species of boiler, 
always using a Bunsen or an alcohol lamp by which to main- 
_ tain a high temperature in the water for a long time. As for 
the rest, any one can vary the construction of the apparatus as 
he may think best, granting that the walls of the funnel be 
always much inclined, at least 60 degrees. The diameter of 


52 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., ’06 


the funnel should be about a half metre, and the tray itself 
should be movable in order that it may be refilled with the 
material when separated from the funnel. 

I have used to great advantage a small apparatus of this 
style (the funnel being only 30 centimetres in diameter) dur- 
ing the last year, and have thus discovered several new species 
of Italian Acarida, illustrated in this journal, while I have 
collected an enormous quantity of other small arthropods, 
especially of Collembola, Symphyla, Pauropeda, etc. (Fig. 1). 

These, especially the Collembola, and also the Thysanura 
all remain on the surface of the alcohol, not becoming sub- 
merged, while the other insects all fall to the bottom of the 
tube. 

Thus, it is easy to collect the said Collembola with a brush, 
from the surface of the alcohol without further disturbance. 

After the excellent results secured from the small apparatus 
referred to, I had another, much larger, constructed which has 
been operated since November. 

It is composed of a case of wood, the interior of which is 
covered with lead, and has a capacity of six hectolitres, and 
contains four large funnels in square sections the sides of 
which are 50 centimetres. Thus I have an extent of one 
square metre upon which to arrange the material for examina- 
tion, and I can place four different kinds of material from 
four different localities on these sieves. 

The water is about three hectolitres and is kept at 60° or 
70°, and for some hours the temperature is maintained by 
means of a large gas heater. 

This heater which serves me well also for heating the room 
in which it is placed, consumes about three cubic metres of 
gas per day, which proves that with an expense of about one 
lira, I daily obtain without any trouble, a greater number of 
small insects than ten persons with all the fatigue and patience 
possible, would be able to collect in the same length of time, 
and besides, I have the assurance that scarcely an individual 
insect has escaped. (Fig. 2). 

Material to be examined.—Mosses, fallen and decayed leaves, 
humus, soil under stones, etc., are very rich in various forms 


Feb., ’06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 53 


of insect life at all seasons of the year, and this material is 
treated very easily and with complete success in the apparatus 
described. 

Manure.—The manures, especially from the stable, harbor 
great numbers of various arthropods which are not easy to col- 
lect because of the rapidity with which they escape, and also 
because the material itself is frequently anything but pleasant 
to examine. 

Instead, with the apparatus, one is certain to secure all the 
arthropods hidden in the manure, since by their voluntarily 
seeking the heat, they fall continually into the tube in great 
numbers. 

Myrmecophilous Arthropods.—Everything is caught, even 
including the ants, by putting upon the sieve some of the earth 
and detritus from the ant-hills. 

Bark from trees.—The effect is marvelous which is obtained 
_ by treating the bark from various large trees, in this apparatus. 

Under the bark there are found a great variety of insects 
which hibernate, either in a state of maturity or as larve. 
All these fall into the tube of alcohol almost entirely free from 
detritus of any sort, so that it is easy to quickly recognize the 
fauna thus sheltered during the winter by a given tree ora 
given species of plant. 

Green parts of the plants.—In summer, better than in winter, 
the insects which live upon the foliage can be collected, however 
minute, by placing this, when fresh and just gathered, upon 
the sieve of the apparatus. 

Parasites of the Vertebrata.—The host being dead and left 
cold for a few hours (bird or mammal), is then placed upon 
this apparatus and rapidly loses its exterior parasites (Puli- 
cidz, Anoplura and Pediculidz, Acarida, etc.), which being 
attracted by the artificial heat, abandon the host hastily and 
fall into the tube containing alcohol. 

These researches, otherwise so troublesome and difficult 
under ordinary methods, are, by this apparatus, effected auto- 
matically and with absolute results. 

_._In many other special cases I have obtained extremely use- 
_ ful results from the employment of the described apparatus 


which I recommend to naturalists. 


54 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., 06 


On Some Aquatic Hemiptera From Costa Rica, 


Central America. 
By J. R. DE LA TORRE BUENO. 


It has been my good fortune to become acquainted in the 
past year, through correspondence, with Professor Paul Biolley, 
of San Jose de Costa Rica, who has sent me from time to time 
whatever he has collected for me in aquatic Hemiptera, prin- 
cipally in the Cryptocerata. In this period I have received 
from him a number of the bugs noted by Champion as from 
that country and some others not heretofore recorded from 
that region. They are as follows: 

1. Acanthia sulcicollis Champion. 

One specimen from La Palma, taken in April at an altitude 
of 1,600 meters. This species is not recorded from Costa 
Rica in Biologia Centrali-Americana, although it occurs in 
Guatemala and Panama. 

2. Gelastocoris bufo. Herrich-Schaeffer. 

Found abundant on the shores of the Rio Surubres, near San 
Mateo, at an altitude of 250 meters, on the Pacific side of Costa 
Rica, in company with the two following species : 


3. Gelastocoris vicinus Champion. 
Rio Surubres near San Mateo. 


4. Gelastocoris sp. near vicinus Champion. 

Rio Surubres near San Mateo. 

In the present uncertain condition of the specific differences 
in the Gelastocoride it is dificult to pronounce on any distri- 
bution, which may or may not be real. 

5. Mononyx fuscipes Guerin. 

One specimen only, taken in the Reventazon Plain, near 
Santa Clara, on the Atlantic slope. This individual was found 
in a rotten log in December, 1904. It isan extremely wide- 
spread form throughout North and Central America. 


6. Mononyx nepaeformis Fabricius. 
One specimen taken at the same time as the Ge/astocoris under 


a stone at the edge of the Rio Surubres, in February. This 
species extends from Mexico south to the Argentine Republic. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 55 


7, isuoosie stali Montandon. 

Rio Surubres near San Mateo, one specimen only in Feb- 
ruary. According to Champion, this species is found in 
Guatemala, Colombia, Venezuela and Bolivia. 


8. Amorgius colossicum Stal. 
‘Taken at electric light at San Jose, from which locality it is 
also recorded by Champion. 


g. Amorgius annulipes Herrich-Schaeffer. 

- Taken at San Jose at various times, under electric lights. 
This species is recorded from as far north as California, and is 
said to be found in Brazil. 


a. to. Abedus signoreti Mayr. 
Be: I have received long series of these from Rio Maria Aguilar 
near San Jose, where it was found in muddy pools, at an ele- 
vation of 1,160 metres, in May; from Vista del Mar, on the 
Pacific slope, at an elevation of 1,400 metres, in March, and 
from San Jose in January. ‘These are new localities for Costa 
Rica. 
11. Belostoma fusciventris Stal. 
An abundant form near San Jose, which is the first Costa 
Rican record for this bug. Heretofore, it has been noted only 
4 as far south as Honduras. 
4 12. Belostoma micantula Stal. 
4 Two specimens of this pigmy form were taken in the Rio 
Surubres in February. It extends from Guatemala to the 
Argentine Republic. 


13. Notonecta mexicana Amyot and Serville. 

_ This has come from the Rio Maria Aguilar in January ; 
taken at Vista del Marin March and in La Palma in April. 
Both forms, var. ceres and var. hades Kirk. are represented. 
The types of the varieties are also from this region and col- 
__ lected by Prof. Biolley. 

+ 14. Buenoa crassipes Champion. 

_ One specimen from Vista del Mar in March. This form is 
i _ recorded by Champion from three localities in Guatemala 
ee Bont. 


56 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., 06 


15. Buenoa pallipes (Fabricius) Champion. 

I have received a long series taken in the Rio Maria Aguilar 
in January. In Biologia Centrali-Americana it is given from 
Vera Cruz in Mexico to Darien in Panama. This is now re- 
corded for the first time from Costa Rica. 


16. Buenoa carinatus Champion. 

One example from San Jose. This does not attain the 
smallest dimensions given by Champion for his species, but in 
other respects it answers tothe description. It is not recorded 
from further south than Guatemala and Honduras. 

17. Rhagovelia crassipes Champion. 

There is in this lot of insects a female from Vista del Mar, 
taken in March, which is the first record for Costa Rica. ‘The 
types were from Panama, where they were found in plenty in 
two localities. 

18. Rhagovelia armata Burmeister. 

Two females were received from San Jose. Champion re- 
cords it from Mexico, fde Burmeister and Signoret, but evi- 
dently did not possess it himself. 

19. Rhagovelia spinigera Champion. 

A long series of this form came to hand from Rio Maria 
Aguilar in January and San Jose in August. This species 
was described by Champion from one female example taken in 
Guatemala. Consequently, this is the first record outside of 
the published locality. 

20. Microvelia n. sp.? 

This is apparently an undescribed form, of which numbers 
were taken at San Jose in January. 
21. Gerris cariniventris Champion. 

A good number of this species, both winged males and fe- 
males and one apterous female were taken at Rio Maria Agui- 
lar in January and May. This is apparently common and 
numerous from Mexico down. | 
22. Gerris (tenagogonus) opaca Champion. 

Two specimens from the Rio Surubres in Febru: Re- 
corded by Champion as plentiful in Bugaba, Panama, the type 
locality. Both this and the following are listed under the 
generic synonym Limnometra. 3 


Feb., ’06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 57 


23. Gerris (tenagogonus) quadrilineata Champion. 

Three or four specimens from Rio Maria Aguilar in January 
and May. ‘The distribution given in Biologia Centrali-Am- 
ericana is rather disconnected. ‘This is the first record from 
Costa Rica. 


24. Potamobates unidentatus Champion. 

One macropterous and two apterous individuals, male and 
female, from Rio Surubres. Recorded by Champion only 
from Bugaba, Panama. 


<0 
—=—or 


Some Notes on the Bee Genus Caupolicana. 
By Harry S. Smit, Lincoln, Nebr. 


Caupolicana albicollis n.sp.—’. Length 19-21 mm. Black ; head, with 
exception of the vertex, covered with a long, dense, whitish pubescence, 
that on the face very slightly ochraceous, that on the occiput snow-white ; 
labrum and mandibles dark rufous, sometimes black, the latter with a 
dense fringe of long whitish hairs on the lower side ; clypeus finely and 
irregularly punctured except the apex, which is impunctate and narrowly 
margined; antennz black, grayish brown beneath; second joint of 
flagellum longer than style and almost half as long as the remaining por- 
tion of the flagellum ; malar space short, about one-fourth as long as 
wide. Thorax finely and closely punctured, mesonotum, as far back as 
the tegulze, covered with a short but dense erect whitish pubescence, very 
slightly tinged with ochraceous; the remaining portion of the thorax 
black, the hairs on the scutellum and post-scutellum much longer than 
those on the mesonotum. Abdomen black, opaque, minutely indis- 
tinctly punctured ; first dorsal segment covered with a long sooty black 
pubescence like that of the scutellum, 2-4 almost bare excepting their 
apices, 6 and apex of 5 with long black hairs; segments 2-4 with broad 
silvery fasciae, that on 2 sometimes slightly narrowed on the disk ; ven- 
tral segments 2-4 clothed with long white pubescence, the segments 
with black hairs. Coxae usually with a few long white hairs ; femora 
and tibize black, with black pubescence ; tarsi ferruginous, covered with 
a fine short fulvous pubescence, metatarsus black with inner side 
brownish. Wings smoky hyaline, slightly iridescent, veins and tegulz 
‘brownish black ; first and second recurrent nervures confluent with first 
and third cubital nervures. Length of wing 12-14 mm. 

?.—Similar to 3’, but differs in having the venter black, and in having 
somewhat broader fasciz ; a short dense black scopa on-the posterior 
legs, metatarsus twice as witle asin o'. The distance between the eyes 
at vertex is also about twice that of the <%. 


58 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ Feb., ’06 


1? and 3% specimens, Mendoza and Bahia Blanca, Argen- 
tina (L. Bruner). Collection University of Nebraska. 

In the coloration and markings of the head and mesothorax 
this species resembles C. /ugubris F. Smith, but differs in hav- 
ing all the femora entirely black and in its greater size. 


Caupolicana fulvicollis Spinola. 

The $ of this species, besides the usual sexual characters, 
differs from the ? in having a white fascia on the fifth dorsal 
segment, and in having the first four ventral segments clothed 
with long thin silvery white hairs. In both sexes the pubes- 
cence on the first dorsal segment varies from pale fulvous to 
grayish white, and in no case are the tibiz and tarsi clothed with 
black pubescence as in C. gayz Spinola, but are bright fulvous, 
the tibize sometimes with a few white hairs on the inner side. 
The intermediate and posterior femora are usually white, but 
the anterior femora are concolorous with the thorax. 

Dr. H. Friese, in his monograph of the genus in 1898, ex- 
presses some doubt as to whether this form is entitled to 
specific rank, and thinks that it may be a variety of C. gayz 
Spinola. The ¢ was unknown to him, and differs from 
Friese’s description of the ¢ of the C. gayz in having a white 
fascia on the fifth dorsal segment. ‘This, with other minor 
characters, such as color of pubescence on legs, etc., is suf- 
ficiently characteristic to make it distinct. 

5¢ and 4Q specimens, Cacarana, Argentina (lL. Bruner). 
Collection University of Nebraska. 


Caupolicana nigriventris Friese. 

One ¢ specimen I have identified as this species, but the 
white fasciae on the third and fourth segments are wanting 
on the disc, showing only on the posterior corners of the 
segments. Probably worn off. 

Bahia Blanca, Argentina (lL. Bruner). Collection Univer- 
sity of Nebraska. 


Caupolicana albiventris Friese. 

A single ¢ specimen which agrees with Dr. Friese’s des- 
cription in every particular. 

Arequipa, Peru, Oct. 28th, 1898 (A. G. Weeks). Collec- 
tion University of Nebr. 


Feb., ’06] .  ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 59 


A New Aphid. 


By JAMES TROOP. 
Aphis houghtoneisis n. sp. 

During the summer of 1904 plant lice were discovered to be 
very abundant in a field of Houghton gooseberries, near the 
city of Indianapolis. ‘The peculiar manner in which they 
worked attracted attention, and specimens were taken and 
sent to Dr. L. O. Howard, at Washington, who pronounced it 
a new species. Drawings were accordingly made by Mr. 
Heidemann of the Division of Entomology. 


In the field of gooseberries mentioned, there were scatter- 
ing plants of another variety and it was noticed that none of 
these plants were infested by the 4phis. I then made several 
attempts during the summer of 1904 and also 1905 to colonize 
them on various other varieties of gooseberry, but in no case 
did I succeed in inducing them to feed. ‘They multiplied so 
rapidly, however, upon the Houghton, that the owner was 
obliged to give up the fight, after two seasons’ experience, 


60 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., 06 


and destroy the entire five acres of plants. Hence I have 
designated it as Aphis houghtonensis. Fig. 1 shows the pe- 
culiar manner in which it 
crumples the leaves. < 
Description.—The wingless SQ 
females of the summer broods 
are about one-sixteenth of an 
inch in length, of a pale green 
color, and somewhat hairy; 
eyes prominent ; antennze and 
legs of a yellowish tint and 
covered with scattering short 
spines, except the terminal 
joint of the antennee. Anten- 
nze a little more than half the 
length of the body; honey \ 
tubes prominent, nearly as Pe 
long as from their base to the " 


FIG. 3. 


tip of the abdomen (Fig. 2). The winged forms measure 
nearly three-sixteenths of an inch to the tips of the wings when 
folded. Color of the wings and body a shade darker than the 
wingless forms; antennz nearly one-half longer than the 
body ; spread of wings three times the length of the body ; 
eyes somewhat darker than the wingless form, while the legs 
are not as spiny ; honey tubes about the same length i in both 
forms. (Fig. 3). 


Feb., ’06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 61 


A New Subapterous Encyrtid. 
By CHARLES T. BRUES. 


In 1900* Ashmead described as Anxusia neomexicana the first 
species of this genus known to occur in North America. At 


; _ this time I have the pleasure of describing both sexes of a 
second North American species from Central Texas. 


a ‘Anusia xerophila sp. nov. 


_ Male.—Length, 1.2mm. Yellowish ferruginous, legs more yellowish, 
middle tibiz white. Antennz black, except the scape above which is 
brown, and the apical three joints, which are snow-white. Head slightly 
‘rostriform. Mandibles dark at tips, palpi pale, last joint piceous ; lower 
part {of front between the antennz slightly elevated but not carinate ; 
above finely shagreened, the ocelli forming an equilateral triangle, the 
lateral pair nearly as far from the eye as from each other. Antenne 
I1-jointed, large and conspicuous, the scape obovoid, flattened, near 


the tip as wide as the eye and longer ; pedicel small, sub-triangular. 
_ Flagellum, flattened leaf-like, about three times the length of the scape ; 
__ second and third joints widest, wider than the scape, from thence nar- 
rowed toward tip ; the last three joints closely united, as long as the 
two preceding. The small joints at the base of the scape are unusually 
large, the first of them nearly as long as the pedicel. Mesonotum finely 


: ra _ * Proc. U.S. National Museum, XXII, 1202, p. 355. 


62 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., 06 


shagreened ; wings small, finger-shaped, reaching but little beyond the 
middle of the abdomen. Axillz just meeting at the base of the scutel- 
lum, the latter a little longer than wide, sub-triangular, the tip nar- 
rowly truncate and the posterior angles microscopically dentate and 
black. Abdomen slightly longer than the head and thorax, oval, at the 
sides of the second segment with a small black tubercle which bears two > 
long black setze. Legs rather slender. 

Female,—Length 1.2-1.3 mm. This sex differs by its smaller head, 
the eyes being much closer together on the front, and the lateral ocelli 
nearer to the eye margin. The mandibles are stouter, distinctly biden- 
tate, and the antenne are wholly black except the upper part of the 
scape. The flagellum is sub-cylindrical, but little flattened, nearly one 
and one-half times as long as the scape ; the joints wider than long, the 
last pointed and twice as long as the penultimate. The legs are darker 
especially the middle tibiz. 


Described from one male and three female specimens col- 
lected at Austin, Texas, during May, 1900. 

A. xerophila is related to A. neomexicana Ashm., but differs 
by its much shorter scape. 

The species: was fairly abundant on an arid hill-slope near 
Austin at the time the types were collected. They were mov- 
ing actively about in the bright sunshine on the bare parched 
soil, where other insects were very scarce. Associated with 
them was found the closely related Henicopygus subapterus 
Ashm. | 


40> 
=<or 


A Gigantic New Biting Bird-Louse. 
By VERNON L,. KELLOGG, Stanford University, Calif. 


Gigantic is a relative term; a gigantic new vulture would 
mean several linear feet of bird, but a gigantic new Mallophagan 
found on a vulture means but several linear millimeters of insect. 
As in the fifteen’ hundred or more species of J/allophaga so 
far known the average or modal length is hardly two millimeters, 
a species measuring nearly eleven millimetersis truly a giant 
among itsfellows. In1903 Mr. Charles P. Lounsbury, govern- 
ment entomologist of the Cape of Good Hope, took half a doz- 
en specimens, which ‘‘ appeared to be all of the creatures pres- 
ent on the body of the host,’’ of a very large biting bird-louse 
from a GriffonVulture, Gyfs kolbi, shot at Nelspruit in the Kast- 
ern Transvaal. The specimens represent a species hitherto un- 


_ Feb., ’06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 63 


known to us, and the largest Mallophagan species so far de- 
scribed. The next largest is Le@mobothorium loomisi Kellogg, 


4 _ length, 9.7 mm-, from the Canada Goose, and the next Lzpeurus 
_ ferox Nitzsch, length 9 mm. from the albatrosses. 


-Lemobothorium gypsis n. sp.—Fig. 1. Three females from a Griffon 
Vulture, Gyps kolbi, taken at Nelspruit, Eastern Transvaal. Description 
of female. Body length, 10.5 mm.; a strongly-marked species, readily 
distinguishable by its size and by the unusual projection and narrowness 
of the clypeal portion of the head. Head with conspicuous protuberant 
pre-ocular regions, and sharply defined elongate narrow clypeal region ; 
the temples strongly marked and angulated ; hairs large and numerous 
and conspicuous on pre-ocular and temporal 
lobes ; on anterior margin of clypeus two 
long hairs in each angle and numerous short 
ones in marginal region ; before each eye a 
single strong hair, and behind eye a distinct 
row of short, stiffish even spine-like hairs 
along lateral margin; strong black brown 
cuticular markings along all lateral margins 
except antero-lateral angles of clypeus ; the 
black brown marking projecting in and curv- 

ing so as nearly to set off the pre-ocular 
lobes; occipital margin strongly, but nar- 
rowly, black-brown.  Prothorox = shield- 
shaped, with fringe of short hairs along ante- 
rior margin and long strong hairs in antero- 
lateral and medio-lateral angles; also num- 
erous hairs along postero-lateral margins; 
posterior margin broadly and_ shallowly 
emarginate in middle producing two distinct, 
backward-projecting, obtusely-angled points; 
strong black lateral marginal markings, wid-. 
est in middle and tapering out anteriorly and 
posteriorly. Metathorax like an abdominal 
segment but twice as long as the true first abdominal segment ; strong 
_ black lateral marginal border containing.a few pustulated hairs. Legs 
with many strong hairs and with strong markings. Abdomen with 
strong black lateral borders and each segment with a pair of dorsal, 
paler, large blotches ; these blotches nearly fused on the median line in 
segment one, but separated on all other segments by a medial uncolored 
space of curious sub-elliptical or vase-shaped outlines, these spaces larger 
on the wider segments, and successively wider in proportion to their 
postero-anterior length as one examines the segments from before back- 
_ wards; three or four pustulated hairs in the posterior margin of each 
_ abdominal blotch, and many hairs, long and short, along the lateral 
margins of the whole abdomen. 


64 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., ’06 


Observations on the Bionomics of Auchmeromyia 
luteola Fabricius. 
By F. C. WELLMAN, M. D., Benguela, W. Africa. 


Published under the auspices of the American Society of Tropical Medicine. 

Several years ago I was interested in the native saying that 
the fly mentioned in the title of this note produces the blood- 
sucking maggot called ‘‘ /nyo’’ by the Angola Bantus. When 
in London, in August, 1904, I submitted several of the flies 
under discussion to Mr. Austen, of the British Museum, men- 
tioning to him some facts as to their habits He pronounced 
them to be Auchmeromyia luteola Fabr., and called my atten- 
tion to the communication of Dutton, Todd and Christy to the 


Cc 


Fig. 1.—Ovum (A), larva (B), and pupa (C) of A. deéeola Fabr. Natural size. 

Fig. 2.—Auchmeromyia luteola Fabr. Female natural size. 

Fig. 3.—Teased puparation of the cephalic end of larva showing chitinous armature. 
British Medical Association concerning the fly’s larva. A 
short time afterwards I read the communication in question in 
the British Medical Journal under the title ‘‘ The Congo Floor 
Maggot.’’* On my return to Africa I began studying the fly 
with the object of determining as far as possible by actual 
observation its general habits and the steps in its metamor- 
phosis. 

At first the flies died in captivity, but on discovering 


* September 17, 1904, p. 664. 


Feb., ’06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 65 


that they will eat fermented vegetable matter I was able to 
keep them under observation for long periods in cages. They 
are attracted by the smell of vinegar, maize beer or any sour 
smell, and may be captured by using paper soaked in vinegar 
as a bait. 

I hope to publish on some future occasion the morpho- 
logical observations which I have made, soI give here very 
brief notes on the appearance in the various stages. 


THE OVUM. 


The ovum* (Fig. 1, A) is light cream color, about 1.5 x 0.6 
mm. in size with smooth surface and oval outline. 


THE LARVA. 


The larva (Fig. 1, B) has eleven segments, mouth parts 
formed for piercing, and is of a light gray color. Its size 
ranges from about 0.2 mm. long in very young specimens to 
I5 mm. in those about to pupate. 


THE PUPA. 

The puparium (Fig. 1, C) is deep brown in color and is 9.5 
—12 mm. in length. 

THE IMAGO. 

The imago (Fig. 2), first described by Fabricius, is 12-14 
mm. in length, stoutly built and of a tawny color with dark 
markings. 

The distal half of the abdomen is blackish. As Mr. Austen 
informs me that it is common along the entire west coast of 
Africa,} the name which has been given to the larva—‘‘ Congo’’ 
floor maggot is manifestly incorrect and misleading. 


HABITS AND LIFE HISTORY. 


A. luteola is partly domestic and partly sylvan in its habits. 
_ When one sits in a native village the flies come buzzing about 
him, in the evening especially, as if seeking an inhabited spot 
to oviposit. I, however, saw a number of individuals one 
evening (Feb. 4th, 1904) in the bush half a mile from any 


_ “From the ovary of a pregnant female. 
; 7 It has recently been reported from Uganda (vide Journal of the Royal Army Medical 
Corps, November, 1904). 


66 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., ’06 


habitation. They were flying about with a loud buzzing 
noise, settling from time to time on trees, stumps, ete. On 
watching them I saw several couples zz copula. I left the 
spot after sundown and, although dusk was coming on, the 
flies were still active. The female when ready to oviposit 
usually enters a native hut and settles on the wall or thatch 
generally remaining motionless forsome time. If undisturbed 
she alights on the mud floor and begins scratching with her 
first pair of legs in the dust, preferably in a dark corner. She 
then lays her eggs in the dust, afterwards scratching again in 
the same manner as if to cover them. I was fortunate to wit- 
ness this process on one occasion. I was unable to ascertain 
the number of the eggs at this time as it was dusk, and, with 
no means of procuring a light, the eggs could not be seen in 
the light colored dirt rich in kaolin, which is generally used to 
plaster walls and floors. The average number of eggs in a 
series of gravid females dissected was 54. 

In my experiments a number of pregnant females were 
placed in a gauze cage containing a handful of sand which had 
been sterilized by red heat. In three days there appeared very 
small larvee which were identical with the ‘‘/zyo’’ or biting 
maggot found by me in native kraals and often brought by boys 
collecting for me. JI examined the sand with a lens on the 
first and second days of the experiment but, I am sorry to 
say, overlooked the eggs. Still Iam confident the fly is not 
viviparous, as the moving larve would have immediately 
caught myeye. Flies dissected, too, even when gestation was 
complete, always contained ova only. 

In natural circumstances the larve are most abundant under 
mats where children who urinate during sleep have lain, show- 
ing that either the imagines or larve (or both) seek such 
places as promising sooner or later the presence of suitable 
blood-producing hosts. The larvze are voracious blood-suckers 
and their bite is severe. One bred out from my captive flies, 
and which I allowed to bite my arm in several places, pro- 
duced wheals which were the seat of marked burning and 
itching which did not entirely disappear for four days. The 
suggestions as to the possibility of the larvee being the carrier 


Feb., ’06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 67 


of disease-producing organisms deserves attention, and experi- 
ments with it should be made. The length of time for a newly- 
hatched larva to arrive at the pupal stage varies greatly with 
the temperature and available food. A large number of larve 
observed by me in captivity died without pupating. Some 
lived as long as seven weeks without entering the pupal stage. 
Although their normal food is human blood yet they will, if care- 
fully handled, bite any warm blooded animal which has been 
shaved on the part of its body which touches the ground as it 
lies down. As it bites animals with difficulty, I fed mine ona 
native boy. Larve kept without food die. 

Six new pupze were kept 29, 30 and 31 days before the imag- 
ines escaped. The imagines which emerged from the puparia 
in my experiment were in every case identical with those I had 
kept in captivity and also with the specimens determined by 
Mr. Austen. 

While I cannot claim to have actually seen every detail in 
the metamorphosis, yet the method used (breeding out under 
closed cages in previously heated sand) is guarantee against 
fallacy and precludes possible heterogenesis ; so that we may » 
be assured that we have the full life-history of the fly, which 
may quite possibly be found to play no unimportant vole in 
tropical pathology. I do not know (having been in Africa) 
whether or not additional work, completing the description of 
the metamorphosis of 4. /uteola has been published since the 
paper to which I have above referred. However, I publish 
this short record of my observation of the life history from 
imago to imago, since it will at least serve as a confirmation 
of any work on the subject that may have been done in the 
interim. 


<4 
=<or- 


REVERIE oF A Mosquito.—‘ It’s a hard row to hoe, and for growling 

this human race is the wonder of the universe. I’ve got to live as well 
as the rest of ’em, but if I approach a victim and sing ere I bite, he 
growls and swears he wouldn’t mind it so much if I didn’t sing ; then if I 
steal upon him silently he complains that he was hit without warning, 
And then when the doctors can’t discover a fever germ they swear I’m 
at the bottom of the whole business and have my picture taken and write 
_ books about me and make national reputations at my expense. But it’s 
all right, I guess, and I reckon I'll pull through; [’m really an aristocrat 
in disguise and good blood flows in my veins—in fact the best in the 
country.”’ 


ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 


[The Conductors of ENTOMOLOGICAL News solicit and will thankfully receive items 
of news likely to interest its readers from any source. The author’s name will be given 
in each case, for the information of cataloguers and bibliographers. ] 


To Contributors.—All contributions will be considered and passed upon at our 
earliest convenience, and, as far as may be, will be published according to date of recep- 
tion. ENTOMOLOGICAL News has reached a circulation, both in numbers and circumfer- 
ence, as to make it necessary to put “‘ copy ’’ into the hands of the printer, for each num- 
ber, three weeks before date of issue. This should be remembered in sending special or 
important matter for a certain issue. Twenty-five “extras,” without change in form, 
will be given free, when they are wanted ; and this should be so stated on the MS., along 
with the number desired. The receipt of all papers will be acknowledged.—Ep. 


PHILADELPHIA, Pa., FEBRUARY, 1906. 


The great number of undescribed species of insects in this 
country made it necessary for those interested in entomology 
to devote a considerable portion of their time to systematic 
work and to the description of these forms. ‘There is no 
doubt that many species have been described from insufficient 
material without proper data and we have also had the “‘ split- 
ter’’ with us. Now that the great territory between the Mis- 
sissippi and the Pacific Ocean is becoming better known and 
series of good material accumulating, it has become possible 
to ascertain the true relationship between many described 
forms. The great desideratum at the present time is an 
efficient nomenclature that will properly express the relation- 
ship of allied forms. ‘The old term variety has been found 
more or less wanting, but it had the great advantage of show- 
ing relationship between names. It is a question whether the 
trinomial system is much of an advance. ‘Terms like ‘‘ to- 
pomorph’’ express an idea of evolution but do not necessarily 
show relationship. We notice recently that a number of per- 
sons are compiling data from various collections to get at the 
relationship of species through distribution, time of appearance, 
etc., and we will look forward with pleasure to the outcome. , 
Cooperative studies of this kind may give excellent results. 


68 


Feb., ’06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 69 


Notes and News. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL GLEANINGS FROM ALL QUARTERS 
OF THE GLOBE. 
In my article on ‘‘ Mosquitoes in Mississippi’’ in the November News, 
I inadvertently wrote ziger for nigripes in reference to the fourth species 
of Anopheles taken in the State.—GLENN W. HERRICK, Agricultural 
College, Mississippi. 


EpiTors OF ENTOMOLOGICAL NEws :—Just a word to acknowledge a 
few minutes of real enjoyment in reading the letter of Mr. Henry Clay 
Weeks in the January News. Its very violence makes it unnecessary 
for me to reply, but I do wish to disclaim any feeling of jealousy. So 
far as I am aware, Mr. Weeks has never done anything that any one 
need be jealous of. That he has done and is doing work in New Jersey 
may be true, because even in New Jersey there are men with more money 
than brains. As for the rest, my original letter stated facts which are 
easy of verification. I cannot say the same for the answer.—Joun B. 
SMITH. 


THE LARVA OF APATELA FUNERALIS G. & R.—The conundrum pro- 
pounded by Mr. R. F. Pearsall as to the identity of a certain larva found 
by him but not bred is apparently solved by the above title. Mr. Pear- 
sall describes (ENT. NEws, xvii, 22, 1906) the spathulate appendages as 
cream color, whereas they are in reality black, an error possibly induced 
by their very shiny character. A description of the larva, with references, 
can be found in Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxi, 103, 1898. Mr. Pearsall’s ob- 
servation of the penultimate stages resembling bird-droppings is new, 
although the European 4. a/ui is known to have this character, and 

our species therefore should have it also. The observation on construc- 
tion of cocoon is also new, Harris giving a different habit. —HarRIsoON G. 
Dyar. 


PELASTONEURUS NIGRESCENS WHEELER, a synonym of P. dissimilipes 
Wheeler ; a correction.—Mr. C. W. Johnson has recently called my at- 
tention to a singular /apsws in my paper entitled: ‘‘New species of 
Dolichopodide from the United States.’’ (Proceed. Calif. Acad. Sci. 3rd 
Ser. Zool. Vol. II, No. 1, 1899). Fig. 21, Pl. 1 is described as the wing 
of Pelastoneurus nigrescens sp. nov. Q and Fig. 27, Pl. II as the hypopy- 
gium of the male of the same species, but no such specific name is any- 
where mentioned in the text. On looking into the matter I find that 
both of these figures refer to P. dissimilipes, which is fully described at 
pp. 16,17. PP. nigrescens is merely a manuscript name for which I sub- 
stituted dissimilipes while writing out the description. I hasten to 
make this correction as the name zigvescens cannot fail to confuse some 
future students of the Dolichopodidz. Fortunately it does not appear 
in Aldrich’s valuable ‘‘ Catalogue of North American Diptera.’’ 

W. M. WHEELER. 


70 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. Feb., ’06 


RARE CATCHES IN EASTERN CONNECTICUT.—I do not think that I 
ever saw a butterfly on the wing on November 18th before this year, 
although I have been an interested observer for 35 years. To-day I 
captured upon my lawn a fair specimen of that rare fly for this latitude, 
Vanessa J. album. It is the first one I ever captured. Mr. Archibald 
Mitchell has taken three in the past 30 years, and two of them were taken 
in his dwelling. I was surprised on July 22nd of this year by the sight 
of Vanessa milberti in my garden, and I had the good fortune to cap- 
ture it. It showed no wear from prolonged flight and was in fine plum- 
age. In 30 years I have only seen one other specimen hereabouts and 
that was 20 miles north of Norwich. After the middle of October I have 
had brought to me Drury’s Saturia maia from the fields as fresh as if 
just emerged, and I have since thought that their late appearance may 
make them seem to be rarer than they are. Then there is Drury’s P. 
epimenis, which flies here and is taken on the wing as early as April 12th 
when the temperature is quite cool. Only one example of Drury’s 
Erebus odora have [ seen, and that was captured in first-class condition. 
Only one Junonia coenia have I ever seen in New England, and that was 
on a shingly beach at Ipswich, Mass. While Vanessa /. albumis reported | 
to be rare south of Northern New Hampshire anc Maine, I had the luck 
three years ago on a cool October day to see, when without a collecting 
kit, a half dozen or more flitting about a trolley car station a few miles 
west of Taunton, Mass.—A.*W. PEarson, Norwich, Conn. 


42> 
—=—er 


Doings of Societies. 


At the meeting of the Feldman Collecting Social, held De- 
cember 20th, 1905, at the residence of Mr. H. W. Wenzel, 
ten members were present and Dr. Molson, visitor. President 
Daecke in the chair. Mr. Laurent exhibited bred specimens 
of Pamphila manataaqua and cernes pointing out how to dif- 
ferentiate the two species, but adhering to Dr. Skinner’s remark 
that they are closely allied specifically, and he asked to know 
the structural differences by which the two species were placed 
in different genera by Dr. Dyar. 

Mr. Haimbach exhibited some specimens of Coleoptera and 
Lepidoptera,taken at Roxborough on December 3rd, under bark. 
Among the latter there were several specimens of Phyllocnistis 
vitigenella Clem. ‘This species is represented in the speaker’s 
collection by specimens taken at Cincinnati, Ohio, on May 
2nd, August 25th and October gth, and at Roxborough, Phila- 
delphia, on December 3rd. ' | 


F. HAIMBACH, Secretary. 


70° 


Ent. News, Vol. XVII. Pia 


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NEW CALIFORNIAN COLEOPTERA -BLAISDELL. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION 


© ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA. 
OS eee 


— 
VoL. XVII. MARCH, 1906. No. 3. 
ae CONTENTS: 
4 Blaisdell—New Californian Coleoptera 71 | Bridwell—A second species of the Hy- 
i Brimley—Notes on the Odonata and menopterous Genus Odontophyes 
a other Insects of Lake Ellis, North Konow (Xyelinze) .......eeseeeeees 94 
ee ee oe eee 81 | Skinner—New Butterflies and Moths, 
, Hancock—Descriptions of new Genera with notes on some species........ 95 
a and Species of the Orthopterous Busck—Description of Amer. Moths of 
-< MPO ROUIGIG ices sees ee cee 86 the Genus Cerostoma............-- 96 
a 2 ps Sega Carolina Records of BOOT AE issn i. hs evn bak ae 100 
~ Odonata in 1904 and 1905, with cor- Pima Cad NGWS .< ines cauetasrsens IOI 
rections of some previous records 91 | Doings of Societies..........-.2...+-5: IOI 
% McClendon—Notes on true Neuroptera 93 
; . ’ 
F New Californian Coleoptera. 
s =  By.F. E. BuarspEuL, M. D. 


(Plate II.) 
" Becent collecting in California has brought to light a most. 
q interesting blind Tenebrionide, and while making it known, I 
have grasped the opportunity to describe other new species, as 
follows : bad 


caseyi sp. nov.—Elongate, parallel and shining, color 
pasta, when mature rufo-piceous, with legs rufous. Head, about 
equal in. width to the elytra, about as long as wide, evenly convex ; sides 
very feebly arcuate, about parallel, broadly and evenly rounded at base ; 
eyes, small, not in the least prominent ; punctures moderate in size, 
\g irregular, sparsely placed at centre of frons, denser at the periphery : 
__ antennz rather stout and short, joints two and three obconical and sub- 
" equal in length, fourth rather short and apparently wider than long, fifth 
_ to the tenth inclusive about as wide as long, eleventh pointed oval and 
* alittle longer than wide. Prothorax oblong-oval, a little longer than 
g _ wide, sides parallel, angles broadly and evenly rounded, the anterior 
_ scarcely more so than the posterior; punctures similar to those on the 
ad, sparsciy and irregularly arranged, median smooth line rather 


nger and one-fourth wider than the prothorax ; punctures subseriately _ 


71 


72 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Mar., ’06 


placed, becoming quite irregular at the periphery, rather coarse and 
slightly impressed. Abdomen parallel and about as wide as the elytra, 
surface throughout extremely finely rugulose. 

Male.—( Fig. 3 of plate). With the sixth segment at apex rather deeply 
emarginate, bottom of the emargination rounded, sinus about as wide as 
deep, sides divergent, angles rounded and witha narrow membranous 
margin ; surface at apical two-thirds with a large median oblong-oval 
impression, the latter set with small, short, black chitinous points, the 
sides of the concavity fringed with sparsely set inwardly curved hairs, 
the concavity is continued to the segmental base by a broad, glabrous, 
shallow groove. The apex of the fifth segment is more or less slightly 
sinuate at middle ; surface marked with a broad, shallow, glabrous longi- 
tudinal groove, which passes at middle third into a rather broad circular 
concave impression that is glabrous and guarded laterally and pos- 
teriorly by two small, short, black chitinous, obtuse and more or less 
incurved tubercles. The groove at apex has a few scattered hairs. 

Female—With the sixth ventral broadly and obtusely rounded at tip, 
and apparently with a minute triangular impression at middle. The fifth 
ventral is unmodified. Measurements—,j'. Length, 8.0 mm.; width 1.0 
mm. 9—Length, 7.0 mm.; width, I.o mm. 


Hab.—Shasta Retreat, Siskiyou Co., California ; elevation, 
2,416 feet. 

A large series of this species was taken by sifting along the 
banks of the mountain streams in July, at the above-named — 
locality. The secondary sexual characters are sufficiently dis- 
tinct to justify my describing it as new. I cannot refer it to 
any of the species described by Maj. Casey from single fe- 
males. In some points it appears close to validiceps. Species 
possessing a community of habitus should not be founded upon 
females when the male characters are taken as the criterion. 

I take pleasure in dedicating the present species to Maj. 
Thos. Casey in recognition of many favors, and also that his 
name may occur among the many that he has so aptly de- 
scribed. 

In the plate I have figured other species for comparison. A 
work to be truly valuable should have all of the species figured 
in some way or another ; no words can convey to the mind of 
the student the details of morphological characters like a cor- 
rect drawing or even a simple diagram. 

Figure 4 of the plate shows the secondary male sexual char- 
acters of what I recognize as L. puncticeps Lec., although not 


ar., ’06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. as 


. typical : ‘‘male with a small feeble rounded impression at the 
apex of = fifth ventral, the apex proediy and feebly sinuato- 


: Hisure 5 of the plate is taken from what I have found as 
the most common species: ‘‘ Male with a small unimpressed 
glabrous area at the middle at apex of the fifth ventral, the © 
sixth with a triangular impression, the apex broadly, para- 
bolically sinuate’’ (Casey). It is undoubtedly a jacobina 
Lec. By the figure it will be seen that the triangular impres- 
sion of the sixth ventral is clothed with short and minute 
spicules, and that they do not quite reach the margin. Casey 
_ does not mention this fact, and leaves the student in doubt. I 
ive not seen any other form that I could refer to jacobina, 
dI have examined a large series taken in Alameda, San 
rancisco, Calaveras and Eldorado Counties. 
_ Figure 6 gives a form found at San Diego, and appears re- 
lated to relicta Casey. ‘‘ Male with a small and very faint oval 
pression at the apex of the fifth ventral, the sixth with a 
A.C ly parabolic, shallow, gradually formed apical sinus, 
out a third as wide as the segment, and six times as wide 
x deep, the surface adjoining extremely feebly impressed, the 
impression having a small patch of black spicules anteriorly.”’ 
: a If this is ve/écta it appears as a less strongly devel- 
; ed form of jacobina. I find the secondary sexual characters 
: ia ble. I have figured three distinct forms and each must 
y considerably, and by experiments in heredity might 
= to be dominant or recessive forms, as the case might be. 
ccits obtain a hundred specimens to each one they 
w collect for a cabinet set, and let them record variations. 
1 prove interesting and valuable. 

following two species of Dasytes belong to that section 


74 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Mar., ’06 


in Casey’s synoptic table in which the submarginal line of the 
pronotum is strongly impressed and entire, and with the 
pubescence intermingled with larger black hairs. 


Dasytes vicinus sp. nov.—Oblong, rather stout, black, shining, with a 
feeble virido-zeneous lustre, and moderately convex ; antennz black to 
slightly piceous ; femora black, tibiz and tarsi rufo-ferruginous to pices- 
cent ; pubescence sparse, long and rather bristling, consisting of more or 
less suberect and backwardly curved, luteo-cinerous hairs on elytra, those 
on the head quite erect, on pronotum irregular in direction, otherwise simi- 
lar, and abundantly intermixed with more or less erect, slightly stouter, 
black and stiffer hairs, which are on the elytra slightly backwardly curved, 
irregularly so on the pronotum, more erect on the head and slightly 
longer about the humeri, gradually becoming slightly shorter toward the 
elytral apices. Head scarcely transverse, about (') or scarcely (2) as 
wide as the prothorax at apex, front not impressed, very slightly and 
evenly convex, quite evenly and not very closely punctate, punctures 
rather impressed, slightly denser on the vertex, occiput, and tempora, 
epistoma more or less impunctate ; eyes not prominent and moderate in 
size, and not very coarsely granulate ; antennz longer than the head and 
prothorax, rather stout (,j'), or filiform and scarcely longer than the 
head and prothorax (2); subserrate, joints 3-10 subtriangular (thicker 
in the 5), third slender and longer than wide (@), eleventh ovate and 
about twice as long as wide. Prothorax about as wide as long (<') or 
slightly transverse (92), widest behind the middle, sides moderately 


arcuate in basal half, less so and feebly converging anteriorly, feebly 


sinuate behind the apical angles ; edges subserrulate ; apex scarcely as 
wide as the base, and arcuato-truncate in circular arc; apical angles 
obtuse and scarcely rounded; base broadly and moderately arcuate, 
subsinuate laterally; basal angles scarcely evident and obtuse; disc 
evenly and moderately convex, less so antero-posteriorly, strongly 
punctate, punctures impressed and separated by less than their own 
diameters, slightly denser in the 9, intervals smooth, more or less feebly 
convex, or flat inthe ¢'; submarginal line strong and entire, submarginal 
area coarsely reto-rugose. 

Elytra rather large, less than twice as long as wide; sides feebly 
arcuate, subparallel (‘) or slightly widened behind the middle (Q) ; 
base slightly wider than the prothorax; humeri scarcely at all tumid; 
apex rather obtusely parabolic, sutural angles feebly and narrowly 
rounded; disc moderately convex, punctate, the punctures irregular, 
coarse, impressed and separated by their own diameters or less, inter- 
spaces more or less feebly convex with a tendency to form transverse 
and very feebly evident rugule. Abdomen finely and rather densely 
punctulate, and apparently more or less minutely reticulate ; pubescence 
ather sparce and luteous, the hairs recumbent and rather long. Measure- 


is 
: . 

r ase. 

" adil 
Sa 


Mar., ’06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 75 


; “ments—d. Length, 2.5 mm.; width,1.0o mm. 9. Length, 3.0 mm.: 
_ width, r.3 mm. 


HTab.—San Diego, California. 
This species, although related to hudsonicus, differs from it 
and also from odtusus sufficiently by the coarse punctuation, 
_ and from expansus by the more convex form and coarser pro- 
_ notal punctuation. 
_ The male has the fifth ventral rather broadly arcuato-trun- 
cate, and the female has the fifth ventral slightly lobed at 
middle, the sides appear slightly sinuate from being rather 
strongly reflexed while the middle is subhorizontal and just. 
slightly deflexed. 
_ Described from a % and 9, a small series all together, that 
was not taken at a high altitude. One of the type specimens 
was examined by Casey and bears his label n. sp. 


Dasytes shastensis sp. nov.—Stout, oblong, black, moderately convex, 
feebly shining, lustre slightly dull and feebly virido-zeneous, antenne, 
tibize and tarsi frequently picescent ; pubescence sparse, moderate in 
_ length, consisting of rather decumbent luteo-cinerous hairs intermingled 
with moderately long blackish stiff hairs, which are erect and bristling on 
head and pronotum and slightly backwardly directed on the elytra. 
_ Head, evidently transverse, a little wider than the prothoracic apex, 
_ interocular region rather broad, not impressed and very feebly convex, 
quite evenly and rather closely punctate, punctures small; eyes rather 
prominent and somewhat coarsely facetted ; antennz slender and filiform 
and reaching about to base of the prothorax, third joint slender, obconico- 
cylindrical and about twice as long as wide, eleventh ovate, laterally com- 
pressed and somewhat pointed at tip. Prothorax about one-third wider 
than long, widest a short distance behind the middle ; disc quite strongly 
convex ; less so antero-posteriorly, punctate, the punctures small, distinct- 
ly defined and separated by a distance equal to twice or at least their own 
\ m eter, interspaces flat and rather smooth, submarginal line strong and 
tire, submarginal area reto-rugose ; sides quite evenly arcuate, feebly 
nvergent anteriorly, with edges finely and irregularly subserrulate ; 
apical margin slightly arcuate in circular arc; base moderately arcuate 
feebly sinuate laterally at submarginal area and a little wider than 
apex ; apical angles rounded ; basal angles broadly rounded and 
; inuing the sides into the ise. Elytra rather broad, distinctly less 
an twice as long as wide, and slightly widened posteriorly ; base 
ghtly wider than the prothorax ; humeri scarcely tumid ; sides feebly 
uate and subparallel ; apex obtusely parabolic, sutural angles very 

awly rounded; disc moderately conyex, punctate, the punctures 


76 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Mar., ’06 


fine, separated by a distance at least twice their own diameters, inter- 
spaces flat and obsoletely, minutely reticulate. Abdomen rather densely 
punctulate and clothed rather densely, especially at the sides and on the 
fifth segment, with moderately long, recumbent, luteo-cinerous hairs. 
Measurements— 2 2. Length, 2.8-3.0 mm.; I.o-1.2 mm. 

Hab.—Shasta Retreat, Siskiyou Co., California, elev. 2416 
ft. Beaten from the flowers of Ouercus echinoides var. densi- 
flora in July. | 

The specimens before me are apparently all females, the 
apical margin of the fifth ventral segment is feebly arcuate, 
and the third joint of the antennze slender. : 

This species differs from vicinus in its much finer punctua- 
tion ; from hudsonicus it is recognized by the broadly rounded 
basal angles of the prothorax. The pubescence is noticeably 
shorter than in véc¢zus, and less bristling and lighter in color - 
than in hudsonicus, the prothoracic proportions are quite dif- 
ferent in the two species. Odtusus occurs in Colorado and has 
the elytra finely, sparsely and but slightly rugosely punctate. 
Expansus which occurs north of San Francisco is more de- 
pressed in form. | 

Casey’s synoptic table may be modified as follows for the 
reception of the above species : 

Pubescence distinctly intermingled with longer erect black hairs. 
Elytral vestiture blackish throughout; thoracic sculpture rather 
CengG ae ees ee ee hudsonicus. 
Elytral vestiture luteo-cinerous throughout except the longer erect, 
black hairs ; thoracic punctures coarse and impressed.. vicinus. 
Thoracic punctures fine not impressed. Basal angles broadly 
rounded 2°05. s+ eis eo eee shastensis. 

Elytral vestiture cinerous, except the longer erect black hairs; basal 

angles obtuse and slightly blunt ; thoracic punctures sparse. 


obtusus. 
Elytral vestiture cinerous but becoming dark and inconspicuous be- 
hind the middle; elytra broad and depressed . . . expansus. 


The following remarkable blind Tenebrionide was discover- 
ed by Mr. F. W. Nunenmacher on June 11, 1904, at Fairfax, 
Marin Co., California. 


ESCHATOPORIS gen. nov. 
Body moderately depressed. Head not strongly retracted 
into the prothorax, scarcely narrowed behind, sides not promi- 


ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 77 


nent, anteriorly moderately converging ; front not dilated ; 
-epistoma truncate in feeble arc; labrum moderately transverse 
and exposed ; mandible emarginate, superior cusp acute and 
longer than the smaller and shorter cusp ; mentum small and 
Subquadrate, gular peduncle distinct; labial palpi small ; 
maxillary palpi with the last joint Ailatad and triangular ; 
antennze 11-jointed, inserted under a distinct ridge. Eyes 
absent. Prothorax loosely articulated with the mesosternum ; 
S prosternum not at all prominent ventrally, rather long iefdre 
_ the coxe ; propleura slightly convex and not defined from the 
‘- ‘prosternum. Elytra at humeri quite rapidly retreating posteri- 
orly so as to give a feeble sub-pedunculated appearance to the 
body, not widely nor firmly embracing the flanks of the abdomen; 
_ epipleura narrow, scarcely inflexed, and not well defined from 
_ the elytral disc, margin broadly and slightly sinuate behind 
_ the sterna. Mesosternum and metasternum moderate in 
is —. the former scarcely more prominent ventrally between 
_ the coxze than the anterior condylar portion. Scutellum 
4 broad and triangular, not prominent nor very distinctly de- 
_ fined and but feebly entering between the elytra: Epister- 
{ nal pieces not distinctly defined, the metasternal episterna 
_ evidently narrow with the epimera short and as long as wide. 
Hind margins of the third and fourth abdominal segments sub- 
_ coriaceous, with the third and fourth ventral sutures moder- 
ately impressed, corresponding segments not emarginate at 
_ apex. Intercoxal abdominal process broad and parabolically 
rounded between the coxe and about a third of its width 
wider than the mesosternal salient. Sternal sutures scarcely 
a allevident. Anterior coxz small and rounded, rather nar- 
Bin towly separated by the prosternum. Middle coxe rounded, 
_ moderately widely separated and with a small but distinct 
ochantin. Hind coxe oval, feebly narrowed externally, 
nsverse and distant. Legs moderate and simple; profe- 
ora moderately clavate, mesofemora less so, metafemora but 
is ightly thickened externally. ‘Tibial spurs small and distinct. 
‘arsi obsoletely grooved beneath, and moderately slender ; 
ws slender and simple. 
An analysis of structural characters shows that the genus 


78 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Mar., ’06 
Eschatoporis is distinctly related to the tribe Scauvinz, although 


there are certain disturbing elements, which can no doubt best 


be brought out by direct comparison as follows : 


MUTUAL SCAURININE 
CHARACTERS. 


CHARACTERS PECULIAR 
TO THE Scaurini, 


CHARACTERS PECULIAR 
TO Eschatoporis. 


Body elongate and ap- 
terous; mentum small; 
ligula prominent; gular 
peduncle distinct ; maxil- 
lary palpi with last joint 
dilated and _ triangular ; 
antennz I1-jointed. Ely- 
tra not embracing widely 
the flanks of the abdo- 
men; epipleura_ reach- 
ing tip of elytra. Hind 
margin of the 3d and 4th 
abdominal segments sub- 
coriaceous and _ corres- 
sponding sutures im- 
pressed. Anterior coxze 
rounded; middle coxze 
with a distinct trochantin ; 
hind coxe oval and widely 
separated. Tarsi spinous 
beneath, Scutellum 
broad and not penetrating 
between the elytra. 


Head prolonged behind 
the eyes; eyes present ; 
front dilated; labrum 
covered; antennz with 
outer joints broader and 
transverse. Side pieces 
of the mesosternum dis- 
tinct. Third and fourth 
ventral abdominal seg- 
ments deeply emarginate, 
in all genera except one. 
Legs long, sometimes 
toothed. Tibial spurs 
distinct or long. 


Head not prolonged be- 
hind the eyes; eyes ab- 
sent; front not dilated ; 
labrum exposed ; anten- 
nz with outer joints scar- 
cely at all broader. Side 
pieces of the mesosternum 
scarcely distinct. Third 
and fourth segments scar- 
cely emarginate (as in 
Eulabis). Legs moderate 
and simple (as in Zu/a- 
bis.) Tibial spurs small 
and distinct. 


By comparison it appears that if the genus is to be Scau- 


rinine, the tribal characters must be revised or else two sec- 
tions be recognized, or else a new tribe (Zschatoporinz) be 
erected for its reception. The genus /schatoporis is related to 
fulabis in the form of certain abdominal segments and the 
legs, otherwise it has a Scaurinine habitus, although very 
small in comparison to the other tribal constituents. In the 
tribe Scaurini it must be placed between Zulabis and Cerenopus. 


Eschatoporis nunenmacheri sp. nov.—Elongate, oblong-oval, about 
three times longer than wide, rufo-testaceous, sparsely clothed with 
pale pubescence, more or less glabrous and shining, strongly, coarsely 
and quite evenly punctate, the punctures more or less distinctly ocellate. 
Eyes absent.. Head rather small, somewhat coarsely and sparsely punc- 


Mar., 06} ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 79 


tate, each puncture anteriorly with a rather long suberect hair, elsewhere 
the hairs are shorter and semi-recumbent ; frons nearly plane, limited 
laterally by the supra-antennal convexities ; frontal suture fine and more 
or less distinct; vertex slightly and evenly convex, continuously so with 
the tempora laterally, the latter scarcely arcuate behind the antennz and 
not in the least prominent ; antennz long, reaching beyond the base of 
prothorax, comparatively stout, gradually and feebly incrassate, each 
joint subcylindrical and narrowing slightly from apex to base, joints two 
and three subequal in length and obconical, joints four, five and six equal 
in length to the third, suboval in outline with side more arcuate, joints 
seven and eight slightly longer and a little more robust, the seventh sub- 
oval, the eighth suborbicular, joints nine and ten stouter, eleventh oval 
and about one-half longer than wide. Pronotum subquadrate, a little 
longer than wide, widest at junction of middle and anterior thirds ; disc 
evenly, moderately and transversly convex, scarcely so antero-posterior- 
ly, quite coarsely, sparsely and irregularly punctate, each puncture with 
a rather short, curved and semi-recumbent seta; apex truncate in cir- 
cular arc, not margined ; sides rather unevenly and not strongly arcuate 
in anterior moiety, thence very feebly arcuate or straight and slightly 
converging to base, margin distinct but not beaded ; base feebly rounded 
and obsoletely beaded and about equal to the apex ; apical angles ob- 
tuse and not rounded, nor anteriorly prominent ; basal angles more or 
less rounded. Propleura slightly convex, sparsely and subocellately 
punctate, punctures smaller than on the disc; surface more or less very 
minutely rugulose posteriorly. Elytra oblong-oval, about twice as long 
as wide, widest at middle two-fourths ; base not margined and moder- 
ately distant from the prothoracic base, the mesonotal condylar region 
moderately exposed giving a subpedunculated effect ; humeri obsolete ; 
sides moderately arcuate and rather gradually retreating from the hum- 
eral region, subparallel at middle two-fourths and thence to apex evenly 
arcuate ; subparabolically rounded; disc moderately depressed and 
very feebly convex on dorsum, laterally moderately rounded and not in- 
flexed, very feebly, evenly and arcuately declivous posteriorly, punctate, 
the punctures more or less ocellate and distinctly seriate on dorsum, be- 
coming irregular at the periphery, the strial punctures are comparatively 


large, circular and somewhat shallow, each with a curved, semi-recum- 
_ bent, moderately short seta, arising from a centrally placed, minute 
_ eminence, the interstitial punctures small, each with a seta similar to 


those of the strial punctures. Sterna and parasterna coarsely and rather 


% sparsely punctate, and ocellate as above, each puncture with a short seta. 
_ Abdomen feebly convex, moderately coarsely and sparsely punctate, 


each puncture with a moderately short nearly recumbent seta. Legs 
moderate. Tibiz rather slender and clothed with fine moderately long 
hairs. Tarsi similarly clothed, the feeble grooves beneath margined by 


pale delicate spinules. Measurements—j.—Length, 3.2 mm.; width, 


10mm. Y. Length, 3.9 mm.; width, 1.2 mm, 


80 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Mar., ’06 


Hab.—Fairfax, Marin Co., California, June. 

Mr. Nunenmacher stated that he obtained the specimens 
while digging in a ledge near a spring. He did not state 
whether they were taken in company with ants. He was col- 
lecting Promecognathus levissimus at the time. 

At first glance, before examination, this species might be 
mistaken for Bembidium rickseckeri, but it was lighter in color 
and of slower movements ; at.a casual glance it more resembles 
Bembidium laticeps in form and color. 

The sexual characters are not very evident, the male is evi- 
dently smaller and narrower. The metasternum is slightly 
impressed at middle just in advance of the abdominal process. 

The first abdominal segment is equal in length to the fourth 
and fifth taken together, and its post-coxal portion is equal to 
the length of the third ; the second is a third longer than the 
third. The tibial grooves of the femora are moderately well 
defined. The tarsal grooves of the tibize are not evident. 
The protarsi have the first and second joints when taken to- 
gether about equal to the length of the fifth ; the first slightly 
longer than the second, the third and the fourth are shorter 
and not equal in length. In the mesotarsi, joints one and 
two are subequal in length and together about as long as the 
fifth ; the third and fourth taken together distinctly longer 
than the second, the third is distinctly longer than the fourth. 
The metatarsi have the first joint at least as long as the third 
and fourth taken together, and about twice as long as the 
second, the latter being about a third of its own length longer 
than the third joint. 


EXPLANATION OF PLATE II. 


Fig. 1. Lschatoporis nunenmacheri dorsal view, &. 

*‘ 2. The elytral punctuation more highly magnified. 

‘* 3. Secondary sexual characters of Lathrotropis caseyi sp. nov., 3’. 
4. Male secondary sexual characters of Lathrotropis puncticeps 
Lec. 

5. Male secondary sexual charrcters of Lathrotropis jacobina Lec. 

‘* 6. Male secondary sexual characters of Lathrotropis relicta Casey, 


Mar., ’06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 81 


Notes on the Odonata and Other Insects of Lake 
Ellis, North Carolina. 


By C. S. BRIMLEY. 


On Monday, June 19, 1905, H. H. Brimley, Curator of the 
North Carolina State Museum, Franklin Sherman, Jr., State 
Entomologist, and myself, left Raleigh for a week’s visit to 
the lakes in Craven County, N. C., the main object of the trip 
being to obtain one or more large alligators for the State 
Museum at Raleigh. 

These lakes are part of a large tract of some thousands of 
acres, leased as a game preserve by Mr. Nicoll, of Newbern, 
and permission had to be obtained from him before we could 
visit them. This permission was very readily granted, and 
every facility was put at our disposal, including the use of the 
hunting camp near Lake Ellis (Camp Bryan). 

On reaching the camp, which is some six miles from the 
railroad at Havelock, we found Mr. Nicoll’s son awaiting us, 
and after dinner we all started towards Great Lake, where the 
alligators are said to be most numerous, Mr. Nicoll acting as 
guide. Now between the camp and Great Lake lies Lake 
Ellis, a sheet of shallow water some three miles or so across, 
and at this time only some six inches to two or three feet deep, 
which was in the past drained and planted in rice, but is now 
abandoned to natural conditions. This we crossed, wading 
through the shallow water on the submerged bank of the 
principal canal, which led us straight toward the woods lying 
between Ellis and Great Lakes. 

By this time Nicoll and H. H. B., who were ahead, had got 
out of sight of us and, finding the path through the woods too 
indefinite to follow, Sherman and myself, who had loitered be- 
hind, catching or trying to catch insects of various kinds, 


turned back and retraced our watery path across the lake to 


camp, leaving the others to secure, as it happened, the only 
alligator of the trip, which was killed by H. H. B. after an 
exciting chase. 

Next day we crossed the lake again to bring back the alli- 
gator skin. Great Lake, I may mention, isa much larger 


82 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Mar., ’06 


and deeper body of water than Lake Ellis, and is apparently 
the home of the most alligators, though they were observed in 
all the three lakes we visited. 

Wednesday morning we all started for Little Lake, which 
is a smaller lake of the same character as Great Lake, but 
Sherman and myself again lost our way, and instead explored 
the neighboring shore of Ellis Lake, catching a ait many 
Odonata and other insects. 

Thursday was spent at Great Lake and in the woods be- 
tween it and Lake Ellis; Friday in the same way, except that 
I again explored the north side of Lake Ellis, for fish, bugs, 
etc. Saturday morning H. H. B. and myself went to Little 
Lake to try to kill alligators, but unsuccessfully, although 
several were seen and shot at by H. H.B. Sherman collected 
insects near the camp. In the afternoon Mr. Ballard, who 
had brought us down from Havelock, took us back again to 
the depot there and our trip was over. 

Quite a number of insects were collected by Sherman and 
myself, though by no means exclusive attention could be paid 
to them. About the first insects which attracted our attention 
were the Yellow Flies (Déachlorus ferrugatus), which first 
came round usin small numbers on our way to the camp on 
Monday, and which were common around the camp and in 
the woods throughout our stay. ‘These made their appearance 
soon after sunrise and kept up their attacks all day and even 
after sunset until it was nearly dark, furthermore coming into 
camp to bite us at our meals. The bite was sharp and some- 
times left a small red spot on the skin, but no other effects 
were produced on any of us, either when the fly was frightened 
away at once or allowed to suck its fill of blood. Inthe woods 
they did not attack us while we were in motion, although the 
different species of Chrysops would then come flying around 
us, but on stopping the Dzachlorus would at once come and 
settle all over us, and commence biting with great, if not laud- 
able zeal. Unlike the Chrysops, which seem to prefer to set- 
tle on the head and upper parts of the body, Diachlorus would 
bite anywhere from head to heel. In biting, Diachlorus, which 
has a short proboscis, has to lower the head and tip the abdo- 


_ Mar., ’06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 83 


men slightly upwards, instead of keeping the body mainly 
horizontal as Chrysops and Tabanus do. 

Several species of Chrysops were taken while flying round us 
in the woods, and a few specimens near camp, which latter 
__were observed to bite after sunset, but the particular species 
-_were not noted, nor did they come into camp (which was a 
-_ two-roomed frame building) to bite us as the Diachlorus did. 

The abundant species were C. flavidus, C. vittatus and a 
light variety of the latter which I had not seen before, less 
- common were C. nigribimbo, C. lugens, and an unidentified 
species. All these were locally known as Yellow Flies, no 
distinction being made between them and the Dzachlorus. 

Small Zasanus, mostly 7. /ineola and 7. costalis, were com- 

mon around the camp, while one or two 7. melanocerus were 
_ taken and a few 7. americanus seen. The windows of the 
depot at Havelock on the afternoon of the 24th were full of 
Tabanus lineola, hundreds of them in fact. Another 7adanus 
secured was 7. mexicanus, specimens of which were given us 
by Mr. Ballard. He had told Sherman on Friday of a green 
fly that bit stock at dusk and, so far as he knew, all night, and 
_ Sherman had asked him to secure specimens; on our way 
a back on Saturday he stopped at his house and brought out a 
a bottle full of them, which proved to be 7. mexicanus. ‘The same 
- nocturnal habit is also attributed to them by Mr. G. F. King, 
of Mimsville, Ga., who sent a number to me this summer. 
i Odonata were particularly abundant on Ellis Lake which is 
_ studded with numerous small islands covered with shrubs or 
_ feeds; they also abounded in the open spaces around the edge 
_ of the lake and around the camp. The various species met 
_ with are listed below, those marked with a star have not been 
previously recorded from North Carolina, so far as I know: 


ero 


 Calopteryx maculata Beauv. A few seen near camp and one taken. 

_ Argia fumipennis Burm. Not uncommon near camp, about six taken. 

_ Argia tibialis Ramb. Rather common in the woods near Great Lake. 

_ Anomalagrion hastatum Say. One male seen on the lake. 

Ischnura ramburi Selys. Abundant all over Ellis L. 

Enallagma durum Hagen. One male caught on Ellis L., June 28, the 

only specimen of the genus seen, was identified as this by Dr. 
P. P. Calvert. 

Telagrion daeckii Calv. Several seen and two males taken on Ellis L. 


84 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Mar., ’06 


* Coryphaeschna ingens Rambur. One male taken by Sherman on edge of 
Lake Ellis, June 21. Several other large dragonflies that 
might have been this or piaeschna heros were seen, but no 
more taken. 

*Gynacantha trifida Ramb.? A single small aeschnid nymph was taken 

. on June 23, which Prof. J. G. Needham says is a Gynacantha 
and possibly ¢rifida. 
Anax junius Drury. A few seen on the lake. 
Perithemis domitia Drury. Sherman saw one on Lake Ellis. 

* Celithemis fasciata Kirby. Common on Lake Ellis in early morning of 
June 22, but only a few seen at other times. Only three speci- 
mens taken. 

Celithemis ornata Ramb. Rather common on and around Lake Ellis. 
The amount of black was variable, but always less than in the 
two specimens previously recorded from the state, sol got Dr. 
Calvert to identify a specimen to make certain of the species. 

Sympetrum albifrons Charp. One specimen taken in the road on the 
way to camp on June Ig. 

Mesothemis simplicicolus Say. Abundant on and around Lake Ellis. 

Pachydiplax longipennis Burm. Only a few of this species seen on the 
canal from Lake Ellis. 

Libellula semifasciata Burm. ‘Tolerably common around the lake, but 
not seen flying out over the water. 

Libellula auripennis Burm. The most abundant dragonfly, common 
every where on and around the lake. 

Libellula vibrans Fabr. Common in open spots in Great Lake woods. 

Libellula axillena West. Not uncommon in Great Lake woods and 
around Lake Ellis, but not seen flying out over the lake. 

Libellula incesta Hagen. One male taken near camp with hyaline wings, 
and no basal streaks, but with a small black spot at nodus and 
wings faintly tipped with dusky doubtfully referred to this 
form. 

Tramea carolina L. Rather common on and around Lake Ellis. 


Among the butterflies, Papilio palamedes outnumbered all 
others, at least four to one, being quite common on various 
flowers around the edges of the lake, but only a few of the 
specimens taken were in good condition. Other butterflies 
observed were a few 7Jerias lisa, two Phyciodes tharos, a few 
Junonia coenia, Grapta interrogationis, and Limenttis archippus, 
one Debis portlandia, a few Neonympha sosybius, one Pamphila 
vitellius, one Pamphila fusca and a battered Thecla cecrops. 
Numerous moths of the genus //afloa, apparently all one 
species, flew up out of the long grass around Lake Ellis, when- 
ever we walked through it. 


Mar., ’06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 85 


__ Among Coleoptera one Cicindela sexguttata was taken, and 

_ several C. punctulata, also on the bare ground round the edges 

_ of the lake. a third Cicindela, not yet identified, which Sher- 

man was inclined tothink a form of marginata. Rose-chafers 

were common and had defoliated some of the trees, Sweet 

Gums (Liguidambar) I think, which rather surprised me, as 
this species (Macrodactytus subspinosus), though not uncom- 
mon in western North Carolina, is quite rare at Raleigh. 
Among other scarabs we caught several Anomala marginata in 
Great Lake woods. .Si/pha americana was not uncommon, 
while species of Phanzus and Canthon were common near 
camp, for obvious reasons. A number of other not yet iden- 
tified Coleoptera were also taken. 

Among the Hemiptera the only form of note was a Nau- 
corid, which fairly swarmed in the lake among the water 
weeds, and which Mr. J. R. de la Torre Bueno says is near 

_ some Central American species in his possession. 
Among the Diptera other than Tabanidez, mosquitoes were 
quite scarce, contrary to our expectations, although Sherman 
picked up a few; the only species I recognized was Conchy- 
liastes musicus in Great Lake woods. I also caught a few 
_ Asilids and a big Midaid. Sherman caught a queer-looking 

fly on the wall of the camp which apparently used its forelegs 
as antennze, to judge by the way it wiggled them about. 
_Among Orthoptera, Paroxya floridana and Leptysma mar- 
ginicollis were common in the marshy portions of the country 
around Lake Ellis, and an Ovphulella, apparently pelidna, 
_ wascommon inthe drier parts of its vicinity. Some three, 
_ possibly four, species of longwinged Melanoplus were taken, 
one of them atlantis. A Mermiria and several specimens of a 
Spharagemon unknown to me, as well as some Dissosteira caro- 
lina and a Chortophaga virdifasciata were also taken. Several 
Specimens of Tettiginze, apparently all Meotettix bolivari and 
Y ettigidea lateralis, were captured as also a few Gryl/us and some 
Jattids. The only Locustids secured were three ANanticus, 
» Amblycorypha oblongifolia and a Xiphidium fasciatum. 
mong the Hymenoptera Dirtdaubers (Sphecidze) were 
mon around the camp and several Chrysids and a big 
llid were also secured. 


86 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS, [Mar., ’06 


Descriptions of New Genera and Species of the Or- 
thopterous Tribe Tettigidae. 
By Dr. JosrEpH L. HAncock, F. E. S. (London). 


During the preparation of an article on ‘‘ Tettigidz’’ 
for Wytsman’s ‘‘ Genera Insectorum,’’ I have taken the oc- 
casion to review a large number of specimens of this group, 
with the result that I have met with a number of new genera 
and species. I have deemed it expedient to describe some of 
these here, in advance of the publication of the article above 
referred to. The most interesting species in the series is Am- 
phibotettix longipes. It is to be regretted that no actual observa- 
tions of their habits have been made, yet there is hardly any 
doubt, that this species is fond of living in the water, similar 
to Scelhymena,.* ‘This fact is evidenced by the extraordinary 
dilatation of the lateral margins of both the tibize, and the 
metatarsi of the hind legs. 


SECTION SCELHYMEN A. 
AMPHIBOTETTIX gen. nov. 

Characters: Allied to Scelhymena. Body granose, indis- 
tinctly nodulose, barely fossulate. Vertex short, small, 
strongly narrower than one of the eyes, middle feebly carinate, 
the frontal carinze moderately distinct, narrowly convergent 
forward, formed anteriorly intoa nearly hemispherical margin, 
not advanced so far as the eyes. Face oblique; frontal costa 
narrowly sulcate, lightly produced. Eyes globose ; ocelli con- 
spicuous and placed between and little before the lower third 
of the eyes. Antennze very slender, reaching the humeral 
angles, filiform, consisting of fourteen distinct articles, in- 
serted barely between or just before the ventro-anterior margin 
of the eyes. Pronotum anteriorly truncate, or little ascendant, 
produced in a short cylindrical spine, directed upward and for- 
ward above the occiput, posteriorly lengthily extended back- 
ward beyond the femoral apices and acute, dorsum distinctly 
flattened, humeral angles strongly obtuse, often with indis- 
tinct humero-apical carinze ; median carina of pronotum lightly 


*The correct spelling of Scelimena Serville, is undoubtedly BioA sae as given by 
Bolivar, vide Ann. Soc. Ent., France, LXX, p. 581, rgor. 


Mar., ’06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 87 


r compressed, often undulate, subobsolete on the process; pos- 
terior angles of the lateral lobes turned downward, the inferior 
_ margin before the angle armed with a long cylindrical, acute 
spine. Elytra oblong, acuminate toward the apices; wings 
perfectly explicate. Femora entire, distinctly lengthily at- 
tenuate ; the anterior nearly as long as the middle femora ; 
posterior tibize shortened to about three-fourths the length of 
the corresponding femora, lateral margins strongly dilated 
toward | the apices, first article of the posterior tarsi much 
mger than the third, the lateral margins widely expanded, 
the: pulvilli very small and subobtuse. 


_ This genus differs from Sce/hymena in the narrower vertex, 


_ the raised position of the ocelli and insertion of the antenne, 
ee in the lengthily attenuate legs, and in the turned down pos- 
terior angles of the lateral lobes. The spiniform antero-dorsal 
margin of pronotum is probably only of specific importance. 
I would therefore include in this genus two species namely : 

pines longipes, the type described below, and Aphibo- 
ettix abbotti Rehn.* 


" Amphibotettix longipes : sp. nov.—Body slender, coarsely granulose, 
‘ous, posterior femoral margins and ventral surface of body light yel- 
low. Head not at all exserted ; vertex narrowed forward, considerably 
narrower than one of the eyes; eyes globose. Pronotum anteriorly 
produced in a short, rather blunt spine, nearly vertically elevated, the 
antero dorsal margin transversely somewhat tentate, posteriorly the 
apical process profoundly prolonged backward, slightly more than twice 
the length of the posterior femora, the apex acute; dorsum between the 
anterior margin and the shoulders on either side constricto-sulcate, be- 
hind the shoulders shallowly bifossulate, with lightly tumose elevations 
posteriorly ; median carina very little compresso-elevated, undulate, in- 
terrupted anteriorly and subobliterated backward on the apical process ; 
humero-apical carinze dividing off rather narrow indistinct scapular areas ; 
spine of posterior inferior margin of lobes straight and lengthily ae 
cal acute, almost transverse cr leaning little forward. Elytra elongate, 
1€ apex acuminate, surface coarsely granulose, below and toward the 
ipex finely reticulose ; wings extended backward nearly to the pronotal 
apex. Anterior and middle femora extraordinarily slender, the anterior 
age ngly longer than the head ; posterior femora very slender, knee very 
d ‘row, the antegenicular Beaticie absent, the genicular spine lightly pro- 
uc ced ; the pulvilli of posterior tarsi equal in length, the third pulvillus 


i 
a 
es 


dings Acad. Nat. Sciences, Philadelphia, 1904, p. 660. 


88 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Mar., ’06 


flattened below. ‘Total length 9, 26 mm.; pronotum, 25 mm.; posterior 
femora, 9 mm.; anterior femora, 5 mm.; posterior tibiz, 6.80 mm.; 4’, 20 
mm.; pronotum, 19 mm.; posterior femora, 7 mm. 

Eight females and six males from Brunei, Island of Borneo. 


In my collection. 


SECTION METRODOR ZA. 
PLATYTETTIX gen. nov. 

Characters: Body strongly rugoso-retieulose. Head lightly 
exserted ; vertex considerably broader than one of the eyes, 
tridentate anteriorly, consisting of a denticle on each side, 
and a minute denticuliform produced median carina. Eyes 
very small, though slightly prominent; ocelli placed between 
the lower fourth of the eyes. Frontal costa rather widely 
sulcate, viewed in profile roundly produced between the an- 
tennze, abruptly sinuate above and below. Antenne inserted 
below and before the ventro-anterior part of the eyes. Pro- 
notum anteriorly truncate, posteriorly hastate, the apex acute ; 
median carina of pronotum strongly cristate anteriorly before 
the shoulders ; humeral angles obsolete ; posterior angles of 
the lateral lobes widely laminate outwards, triangularly sub- 
spiniform produced, obliquely truncate behind. Elytra and 
wings absent. Legs strongly compresso-carinate ; anterior 
femora strongly carinate above, below acute lobate; middle 
femoral carinze sinuate-lobate; posterior femora stout, the 
antegenicular and genicular spines strongly triangularly pro- 
duced ; first article of the posterior tarsi provided with sub- 
acute pulvilli. 


Platytettix reticulatus sp. nov.—Body short and robust, viewed from 
above the inferior margins of lateral lobes of pronotum widely dilated 
backward and acute; grayish-ferrugineous, lightly marked on dorsum 
with fuscous and also the legs annulated with the same color. Vertex 
barely more than twice the breadth of one of the eyes. Pronotum with the 
dorsum strongly compresso-elevated anteriorly before the shoulders ; 
median carina gently arcuato-cristate forward to near the front border, 
and backward abruptly descending between the shoulders ; surface on 
either side of crest and lateral lobes strongly rugose-scabrous ; dorsum 
behind the crest somewhat flattened and profoundly reticulose-scabrous, 
presenting many little cratiform elevations ; the median carina of pro- 
notum here very thin and indistinct; anterior carinz behind the front 


ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 89 


t 1 abbreviated but distinct ; lateral carinz of the posterior process 
fat hin, lightly compressed, and minutely serrate, the apex of pro- 
tum produced, little upturned and extended backward to apex of pos- 
r femora. 


tal length of body 9 mm.; pronotum 8 mm.; posterior femora 5 mm. 


( One female from Marcapata, Peru, South America. In my 


_ ‘TRIGONOFEMORA gen. nov. 
Characters: Body coarsely granulose, rugose and spar- 
sly tuberculose. Head slightly compresso-elevated ; face 
by ical ; antennze inserted below the ventro-anterior bor- 
of the eyes ; ocelli placed between the lower third of eyes, 
ely visible in profile view; eyes small, higher than the 
sum and scarcely at all more elevated than the vertex ; 
rtex anteriorly truncate, broader than one of the eyes, said: 
e lightly carinate forward, on either side between the eyes 
ove eate ; occiput strongly sloping backward ; frontal costa 
enly divergent forward but the rami iederatels separated. 
‘onotum distinctly flattened on the dorsum, truncate an- 
rly, posteriorly subulate; median carina of pronotum 
ind the anterior border often compresso-elevated ; humeral 
angles laterally prominent, carinate, and obtuse angulate ; 
th e posterior angles of the lateral lobes rather narrowly sub- 
‘rec tang ularly truncate, the inferior margins very little turned 
ward ; elytral sinus above shallow, the inferior sinus deeply 
md angularly incised. Elytra oblong; wings perfectly ex- 
licate. Femora little compressed, elongate, carinze of an- 
om femora triquetrous, the external pagina with the oblique 
a ele prominent, the carina of the outer face below 
sronounced ; femoral and genicular denticles very strongly 
sularly produced. First and third articles of the pos- 
farsi equal in length. 
igonofemora fossulatus sp. nov.—Ferruginous above, legs very light 
n, ften mottled below with black. Vertex much wider than one of 
yes, front border truncate and barely advanced so far as the eyes, 
rior carinze outwardly on each side abruptly curved backward, 
1 the eyes on each side foveate, occiput declivous posteriorly. 
| with the dorsum distinctly flattened, strongly widened between 


ders ; just behind the shoulders deeply bifossulate, posteriorly 
abrous interspersed with tubercles ; median carina of pronotum 


90 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Mar., ’06 


close to the anterior margin obsolete, between the sulcations compresso- 
cristate, but the small crest not elevated above the eyes; on either side 
of the base of crest presenting a small tumose eminence ; posteriorly the 
median carina becomes interrupted, being undulate-subserrulate ; an- 
terior carinz behind the front margin abbreviated but distinct. Elytra 
oblong subacuminate toward the apex ; wings perfectly explicate, ex- 
tended backward little beyond the apex of pronotal process. Posterior 
femora above strongly carinate, provided with a small secondary denticle 
just above the strongly prominent femoral lobe; posterior tibiz# with 
both margins sparingly armed with spines; the first articles of the pos- 


terior tarsus having the pulvilli of gradually increasing length, from the — 


first to the third. | 
Total length, 13 mm.; pronotum, 11.5 mm.; posterior femora, 5.5 mm. 


One female from Callanga, Peru, S. Am. In my collection. 
STENODORSUS gen. nov. ,; 

Characters: Body granulose rugulose. Head not exserted 

or elevated ; face little oblique ; antennz slender filiform, in- 

serted between the lower part of the eyes; ocelli placed bet- 

ween the middle of the eyes; eyes moderately small, little 

elevated but not prominent, viewed from above subreniform, 


in profile conoidal. Vertex anteriorly truncate, subequal in 


breadth to one of the eyes, middle indistinctly carinate anteri- 


orly ; frontal costa narrowly sulcate, the rami almost fmper- 


ceptibly widening forward to the median ocellus; maxillary 
palpi slender, the apical article slightly depresso-ampliate. 
Pronotum anteriorly truncate, posteriorly acute, strongly ex- 
tended backward beyond the apex of posterior femora ; dorsum 
very narrow between the shoulders, somewhat flattened ; 
humeral angles very widely obtuse, the scapular area clearly 
defined by the presence of humero-apical carinz; posterior 
angles of lateral lobes subobtusely rounded. Elytra oblong ; 
wings perfectly explicate. Superior or elytral sinus much 
shallower than the inferior sinus. Femoral margins subentire ; 


posterior femora slender; genicular and antegenicular den- 


ticles small, acute, margins of posterior tarsi minutely serrate 
and sparingly armed with small spines. First and third 
articles of posterior tarsi equal in length. . 

This genus resembles A//otettix, but differs from that genus in 
the narrower body, the insertion of the antennze between the 
ventral part of the eyes, and the situation of the superior ocelli 
between the middle of the eyes. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. gI 


extenuatus sp. nov.—Ferruginous, sometimes indistinctly 
. Vertex subequal in breadth to one of the eyes, little narrowed 
rd, truncate anteriorly, the frontal carina on each side little elevato- 
e; behind the frontal carine provided with little oblong fossz, 
ying the space on each side of the median carina between the an- 
alf of the eyes. Pronotum with the dorsum flattened or barely 
very narrow prolongate, provided forward on each side with a 
longitndinal ruga ; median carina of pronotum percurrent, moder- 
conspicuous, little elevated ; on each side of dorsum forward bet- 
r the carine longitudinally bicanaliculate, posteriorly the surface 
e Tugoso-punctulate ; forward between the front of shoulders rarely 
led with very indistinct abbreviated carina on each side ; humero- 
‘carine present, dividing off moderately wide scapular areas over- 
‘the shoulders ; apical process of pronotum very lengthily extended 
rd, little Giioer than the wings, or rarely equal in the male. 
oblong, acuminate toward the apex; wings perfectly explicate. 
rior tibiz narrow, very lightly expanded toward the apices, the 
half little curved outward, the outer margin of the distal third part 
sd with minute denticles but the inner fifth part unarmed ; the third 
illi of the posterior tarsi equal in length to the first and second art- 
mbined, and flat below. Total length of body 2, 16 mm.; pro- 
15 mm.; posterior femora, 6.5mm. ’, 14-14.25mm.; pronotum, 
mm.; posterior femora, 5.25-5.5 mm. 
erous specimens in my collection from Marcapata, 


uth America. 


‘arolina Records of Odonata in 1904 and 1905 
Corrections of Some Previous Records. — 

By C. S. BRIMLEY. 

In the following list all noteworthy North Carolina records 
Idonata for the years 1904 and 1905, except the Lake Ellis 

,* are included. The specimens were taken by myself 

oss otherwise. stated. Species marked with a star *, have 

: previously recorded from the state. 

5 sorditus Hagen. Hobton, Sampson Co., one female April 

27, 1904. F. Sherman. 

y chna furcillata Say. Raleigh, April 19, 27, 1904; April 3, 1905. 
uC aeschna janata Say. Raleigh, April 14, 1904, a male and female. 

ja constricta Say. Raleigh Nov. 7, 1904, one male. 

nia taeniolata Ramb. Raleigh, Aug. 9, 1904, one male. 

a ulia obsoleta Say. Wilmington, April5, 1905, G. M. Bentley. 

neuria cynosura Say. Wilmington, April 5, 1905, one; Wal- 

lace, Duplin Co., April 5, 1905, one; G. M. Bentley. 

& | 


92 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Mar., ’06 


Helocordulia selysii Hagen. Wallace, April 4, 1904, R. W. Collett ; 
Southern Pines, March 27, 1905, G. M. Bentley. Both these 
specimens, which are females, have the triangles of the fore- 
wings once crossed, the triangles of the hindwings free, and 
internal triangles present in both hind wings, but two other 
specimens, male and female taken at Lumberton, April 7, 
1903, have the triangles of both fore and hind wings free from 
cross veins, and internal triangle absent in both hind wings of 
female, and present in left, but absent in right, hind wing of 
male. 

Somatochlora tenebrosa Say. Raleigh, Sept. 15, 1904, one female. 
This specimen, as also a male of the same species taken at 
Raleigh, July 10, 1903, and a female of .S. ji/osa taken at Lum- 
berton, Sept. 6, 1902, have the triangles of both fore and hind 
wings once crossed. 

Mesothemis simplicicollis Say. Cape Hatteras, one taken in July by 

_ my brother’s little boys. 

Libellula flavida Ramb. Lillington, Harnett Co., June 28, 1904, one; 
Raleigh, Sept. 17, 1904, one. 

Libellula cyanea Fab. Lillington, June 28, 1904, one. ; 

Libellula semifasciata Burm. LaGrange, Lenoir Co., Aug. 9, 1904, 
Sherman ; Warsaw, Duplin Co., May 19, 1905, Sherman. 

Libellula auripennis Burm. Cape Hatteras, four taken by my brother’s 
little boys in July, 1905 ; Raleigh, June 5, 1905, one female. 

* Tramea lacerata Hagen. Wilmington, July 21, 1905, J. W. Spoon, one 
male.. 

Pantala flavescens Fab, Raleigh, Sept. 23, 1905, one teneral male. 

Lestes forcipatus Rambur. Warsaw, May 1g, 1905, Sherman. 

Argia bipunctulata Hagen. Lillington, June 28, 1904, one. 

Argia apicalis Say. Lillington, June 28, 1904, one. 


CORRECTIONS. 


1. The female specimen of Gomphus notatus recorded pre- 
viously from Lumberton (Ent. NEws, May, 1903, p. 151), is 
not that species, but apparently Gomphus amntcola Walsh. 

2. The three specimens of Gomphus parvulus recorded pre- 
viously from Lumberton (Ent. NEws, March, 1904, p. 100), 
are certainly not that species, but so far as I can make out, 
Gomphus abbreviatus Selys. 

3. Iam now ofthe opinion that the specimens of Lzbed/iula 
axillena, recorded from Raleigh (Ent. NEws, May, 1903, 
March, 1904), are not that form but Z. zucesta. ‘The Beaufort 
and Lake Ellis specimens are, however, true axdllena. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 93 


ie Notes on the True Neuroptera. 


_ I.—Brachynemurus Curriei, a New Ant Lion from Texas, 
ee By J. F. McCLENDON. 
eenoemares curriei sp. nov. 


fale.—Length 34mm. Expanse of wings 34mm. Mottled yellow 
fuscous. Occiput yellow at sides, fuscous in the middle. Vertex 
scous with a narrow yellow stripe from eye to eye just behind the 
antennz. ‘The antennz would reach back tothe bases of the forewings ; 
they are brown, with yellow rings marking the articulations ; basal joint 
ellow ; basal and second joints swollen. Front yellow, fuscous around 
e bases of the antennz. Mandibles yellow, tipped with fuscous. Palpi 
ellow, tipped with fuscous. Pronotum a little longer than broad, taper- 
ing anteriorly, fuscous with a median longitudinal yellow band ; a few 
long hairs. Mesothorax mottled yellow and fuscous ; a few short hairs. 
egs yellow with circular fuscous bands. Tibial spurs reach past three 
_ joints of the tarsus. Claws fuscous. Wing veins fuscous, interrupted 
_ with yellow. Pterostigma pale. In forewings a fuscous spot two-thirds 
he way between pterostigma and posterior margin. Abdomen fuscous, 
hairy. Genital appendages about as long as diameter of abdomen. 

_ Female.—Length, 28mm _ Expanse of wings, 4omm. Stouter than 
ale. Genital appendages shorter than diameter of abdomen. Other 
characters as in male. 


ail 


pe No. 9725 U. S. National Museum collected by Mr. 
5. Barber, at Brownsville, Texas. Cotypes: two males 
1 Esperanzo, May 20, 1904, and Los Barregos, June 6, 
4, both in vicinity of Brownsville ; six females from Browns- 
e and vicinity, all taken by Mr. Barber, 


94 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Mar., ’06 


A Second Species of the Hymenopterous Genus Odon- 
tophyes Konow (Xyelinae). 
By JOHN C. BRIDWELL. 


Entomological Laboratory, Mass. Agr. Col., Amherst, Mass. 
Odontophyes ferruginea n. sp. 


9, 11.5mm. Length of wing, 12mm. Dull ferruginous, the follow- . 


ing parts more or less infuscated: eyes, indefinite spot over ocelli, 
a pair of lateral indefinite spots in front of this, anterior lobe of meso- 
notum, lateral lobes along the sutures and behind, the lateral spot 
extending over upon the sides of the scutellum, metanotum, basal 
plate, two large spots upon second dorsal abdominal segment, the five 
succeeding dorsal segments excepting their lateral and posterior margins, 
the latter being extended forward with each side into a light spot nearly 
enclosed by the dark color. 

These parts yellowish: basal joint, antennz ae the nine small ter- 
minal joints, clypeus and face above to insertion of antenne, anterior and 
posterior orbits, labrum, mandibles except apex, the other mouth parts, 
tegulz, summits: of coxe, trochanters, anterior and middle femora and 
tibize in front, base and extreme apex of hind femora, basal half of hind 
tibize, hind tibize and the venter of the abdomen. 

Wings yeilowish hyaline, the nervures and stigma brown. 

The markings of the thorax and posterior regions of the head are fas 


definite and the colors run into each other. The bands upon the pos- — 


terior legs are particularly distinct, 


Described from one ? specimen in the author’s collection 
taken by him at Baldwin, Kansas, in April, upon the flowers of 
the early shrub willow. 

This species agrees perfectly with Konow’s characterization 
of the genus. From the only species hitherto known O. azi- 
ingrata Dyar, the ferruginous ground color sufficiently dis- 
tinguishes it, Dr. Dyar’s species being described as_ steel 
blue. Odontophyes avitngrata was described in Psyche 8:213, 
1898, as a species of Pleuroneuva and the genus was erected by 
Konow (Wien. Ent. Zeit. 18:41, 1899) for its reception. Our 
species must resemble rather closely /egaxyela major Cresson, 
but differs by the generic characters. The genera A/egaxyela, 
Odontophyes and Pleuroneura are very closely related and care- 
ful collecting may reveal intermediates. 


ar., ’06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 95 


pe eteriics and Moths With Notes on Some 
Species. 


By HENRY asta 


is and on the San Bernardino Ranch in Cochise 
unty, Arizona. Syssphinx heiligbrodti Harvey, 3, Browns- 
e, Texas, June. The type of this species came from Bos- 
> Co., Texas. The books and lists generally give Arizona 
the locality and omit Texas. 

, roly pe brevicrista Dyar, &. San Bernardino Ranch, Co- 
ise Co., Ariz., 3750 ft., August. This gives a definite lo- 
ity for this diets species. 

Gonodonta pyrgo Cramer. Brownsville, Texas, June. A 
igle specimen agrees fairly well with Cramer’s figure. 
Rhescipha snowi n. sp. 9? Exp. 40 mm.? Head, antenne, palpi, 
ax, lower half of fore femora and tibiz light brown; underside of 
<, middle and hind legs white. Primaries light brown and, under 
ense, irrorate with minute dark brown dots; a brown dot in the cell. 
ere is an indistinct brown shade extending into the wing from the 
er angle. Secondaries a lighter shade of brown (fawn) and immacu- 
€ with upper side of abdomen same color as secondaries. The speci- 
n is fresh, but the tips of the wings are damaged. 

escribed from a single specimen taken at Brownsville, 
as, June. This isa new genus to our fauna, and so far 
I: am aware the second species known. 

os 0 aridan. sp. Exp. 26 mm. Head, thorax and abdomen yel- 
; | antenna and legs fuscous. Primaries crossed by four fascize ; the 
one black and 4mm. wide; the second yellow and 3 mm. wide : 
| e th ird black and 3.5 mm. wide; the fourth yellow and lunate, 2 mm. 
> Me fascia does not cach the costa or outer margin, which is 
_ Secondaries yellow with a black border 4 mm. in width. 

i! > species in this genus appear to be of doubtful value, 
- will take larger series or breeding to diminish them. 
$ is apparently the first record for this genus in the United 
. end it was this fact that made it seem advisable to de- 
e the species. It is related to R. prusias Druce, and is 
cribed from one specimen taken by Prof. F. H. Snow at 
tnardino Ranch, Cochise Co., Ariz., 3,750 ft., August. 


96 _ ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Mar., ’06 


Cosmosoma rubrigutta n. sp. Exp. 40 mm. Wings hyaline ; antennz 


black ; head black with blue scales on top ; collar and patagiz orange; 
thorax black with blue spots; abdomen black with three metallic blue 
spots on the segments, arranged in a triangle ; legs fuscous. Primaries 
as in auge, except that the costa, base and interior margins are orange ; 
there is also an orange spot at the end of the cell, surrounded with black ; 
this spot is 2 mm. in length. Secondaries, basal half orange, outer 
part black. 

C. impar Walk. Biol. Cent.-Amer. Het. tii, pl. 71, f 22, 
looks very much like this species except in relation to base of 
the secondaries and the discal spot. 

Described from one specimen taken by Prof..F. H. Snow at 


Douglas, Arizona, August. 


Pyrgus occidentalis n. sp. 

This is a smaller and generally whiter species than Zessellata 
Scudder, and is found in the Northwest territory and in the 
southwest generally. I hope to give figures of this form in 
the near future. Prof. Snow sent me specimens from San 
Bernardino Ranch, Cochise Co., Arizona, August, and Browns- 
ville, Texas. 

There has been a terrific mix up in the literature in regard 
to zessellata Scud., syrichtus Fab., and montivagus Reak. All 
authors have them incorrectly placed. T7essellatus and syr- 
tchtus are abundantly distinct and montivagus is a synonym of 
syrichtus. 


«42> 
—=<or 


Description of American Moths of the Genus Ceros- 


toma. 
By AuGust BuUSCK. 
U.S. National Museum, Washington, D. C. 

The genus Cervostoma Vatreille, of which many species are 
common in Europe, has not yet been recorded from and pro- 
bably is not found in eastern United States, but is evidently 
amply represented in the West. 

In a revision of the genus and its near allies (Journ. N. Y. 
Ent. Soc. ix, p. 45, 1903) the writer recorded eleven species 
from the West and Southwest, and I am now able to add four 
more striking forms to the known species of this pretty group 
of Microlepidoptera. 


r > (horas oui 


_ Mar., ’06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 97 


a The known American species may be separated by the fol- 
__ lowing table, which is merely my former synopsis, amplified 
to include the additional species : 


4 Forewings with round second discaldot ... ........... I. 
Suemeeuwinee Without such dot... ...........-+-:.:2+.- x 
_ I. With blackish streak above thefold. ....... aleutianella Beut. 
= ANDO DN i es unicipunctella Busck. 
Se 2 With longitudinal black streaks... ..........-:.-+. 3. 
E Without longitudinal black streaks . .. ............ % 
_ 3. With continuous black streaks from base totip . .. ...... 4. 
ummemnmnenetreak  . we ee 5 
_ 4. Black central streak edged with white dorsally ._ . flavistrigella n. sp. 
a Forewings without white streak. . ....... schwarziella Busck. 
=e Ss eround Color pure white. ............, striatella Busck. 
a EMCO so ew ele wn cea ah ores 6. 
SS manella Busck. 
a MEWS i i es barberella Busck. 
OE we ek ke ee ee 8. 
Sue meeeamotpurewhite. = 2... SS A eet ee 9. 
” 8. Forewings with strong well defined markings . . . angelicella Busck. 
F, Forewings without such markings. ......... vintrella n. sp. 

_ 9. Apex of forewings cupreous............ undulatella n. sp. 
Apex not cupreous .. . ee Merge uae ie a ae oe gd TO. 

to. Ground color ochreous mbite ere a ee eS maculatella n. sp. 


NN i ee II. 
eeu @epanselessthaniomm. .........2...2..084. 12. 
weer eepenuse more than 21mm: . .9.. . 2. ek 13. 


12. Membrane between veins 11 and 12 in forewings thickened. 
radiatella Don. 


mammmmeme mot thickened. ~. 22... rubrella Dyar. 
13. Forewings light olive brown ............ olivella Busck. 
Forewing dark purplish brown. ......... arizonella Busck. 


- Cerostoma flavistrigella sp. nov. 

-Antennz dark fuscous without color annulations. Labial palpi whit- 
on ochreous, finely mottled with black. Face and head dirty ochreous, 
each scale tipped with white, preceded by dark brown. Thorax dark 
fuscous. Forewing dark fuscous, mottlec and streaked with black; 
especially on the costal half. A continuous black streak from base to 

jpex limits the darker costal half of the wing; below and edging it 
through its entire length is a broader longitudinal white streak, which, 
_ together with the rest of the dorsal part, is more sparsely mottled with 
_ black Hindwings dark fuscous. Abdomen dark fuscous, tarsal joints 


tipped with ochreous. 


_ Alar expanse, 22-24 mm. 


98 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS, [Mar., ’06 


Hab.—Coso Valley, California (Koebele coll.) May, U.S. N. 
M. type No. 9806. 

Closely allied to C. barberella, but at once distinguished from 
all described American species by the central longitudinal 
white streak. 


Cerostoma maculatella sp. nov. 

Antennz white, sharply annulated with dark brown except on basal 
fourth. Labial palpi white. Face white. Head and thorax ochreous 
white. Forewings ochreous white; basal half of costal edge ochreous 
' fuscous. From the base runs a broad, dark, ochreous fuscous band out- 
wards below the fold, touching the dorsal edge and then curving up- 
wards to the fold. At the end of the cell is a large, oblong, pronounced, 
dark fuscous spot, produced into a still larger paler ochreous patch, 
which covers most of the apical third of the wing and emits three dark 
fingers to the costal edge. Hind wings paler fuscous. Abdomen 
ochreous white. Legs white, mottled with black exteriorly. 

Alar expanse, 20-22:mm. 


Hab.—Bright Angel, Arizona (Barber coll.) May, U.S. N. 
M. type No. 9807. | 

This species is nearest to C. angelicella, and quite similar 
though not identical in design, but differs in the dingy ground 
color and the more diffused and darker markings. ’ 


Cerostoma vintrella sp. nov. 

Antennz white with sharp prominent dark brown annulations. Labial 
palpi white. Face, head and thorax pure white, patagina ochreous. 
Forewings white with indistinct and ill-defined, light ochreous fuscous 
markings ; the most persistent of these are a central longitudinal row of 
three large oblong spots, more or less connected by single dark scales, 
and aseries of equidistant costal, apical and dorsal spots around the 
edge of the apical third of the wing. There are also two ochreous 
fuscous costal spots, one at basal third and one at the middle of the 
wing, and two or more dorsal spots, but none of these markings 
are very constant and in even slightly worn specimens they are all 
more or less obliterated, so that the wing appears nearly immaculate 
or merely dusted with dark scales. Hindwings light gray. Abdomen 
dark fuscous. Legs white. 

Alar expanse, 17-22 mm. 


FTab.—Colorado Canon, Arizona, 2300 feet alt. (Barber 
coll.) May. U.S. N. M. type No. 9808. 

Nearest, on account of the white color, to C. striatella, but 
very different from that and all other described American 
species, 


os 06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 3 99 


Antenne light fisthus with indistinct darker annulations. Labial 
palpi white, dusted with black. Face, head and thorax bluish white 
minutely dusted with black atoms, each scale being white with dark 
lines. Forewings bluish silvery white, densely overlaid with black and 
E brown, in ill-defined wavy transverse lines. Each white scale is tipped 
with black. The apical part of the wing is strongly cupreous brown, 
especially around the edge. Cilia bluish white, dusted with black. 
indwing light fuscous. Abdomen silvery fuscous. Legs white dusted 
with black ; tarsal joints black, tipped with ochreous. 

_ Alar expanse, 20 mm. 


4 Hab. —Williams, Arizona (Barber) July. U.S. N. M. 
g type No. 9809. 

_ Very distinct from all the known American species of Ceros- 
oma and at once recognized by the wavy color effect and the 
= cupreous wingtips. 


= 
——_— 


. A SUGGESTION TO COLLECTORS ON THE SOUTHEASTERN COASTS OF 
_ THE Unitep SrarteEs.—Recent study of Erythrodiplax berenice Drury 
i (also known as Micrathyria or Diplax berenice) and of Hagen’s Dythe- 
mis naeva make it probable that these two Odonates grade into each 
other as subspecies in the sense of the Code of the American Ornitholo- 
gists’ Union. Berenice has been found on the coast from Massachusetts 
to North Carolina, zaeva in southern Florida, the Bahamas, Cuba, Guate- 
mala and Panama. Intermediates occur in Texas and Mexico. Of Odo- 
_ mata from the coasts of South Carolina, Georgia, northern Florida and 
the Gulf nothing is known. Anyone familiar with derenice, visiting these 
last-named localities, would do well to gather a large series of any forms 
which appeared to resemble devenice and so shed some light on the rela- 
tionship suggested above.—PuILip P. CALVERT. 


- Epiror Entomotocicat News.-I noticed in the Notes and News of 
the June (1905) News your report of the capture of Pyrgus centauree 
it fona, N. J., which is, as you state, ‘ apr areeTly the first record for 
ee vee south of the Orange Mountains.’’ So much attention is now 
ing given to the making of local lists, and the determination of the 
: sgraphic range of each species, that the records which I am able to 
to yours will doubtless be of interest. Though not as far south as 
a these localities are all farther south than the Orange Mts. The fol- 
ing captures were made during May, 1904, on the dates and at the 
s specified: 3d, one < centauree, Millersville, Lancaster Co., Pa.; 
ne 2 cenfauree, York Furnace, Lancaster, Pa.; 8th, one © cen- 
e@, Peque Creek, four miles from Millersville ; 14th, one 3 cen- 
@, Welch Mts., near New Holland, Pa.; 15th, one o', one Q cen- 
2, Tucquan, Pa.; 21st, two <’, three 2 centauree, Tucquan, Pa,— 


ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 


[The Conductors of ENTOMOLOGICAL News solicit and will thankfully receive items 
of news likely to interest its readers from any source. The author’s name will be given 
in each case, for the information of cataloguers and bibliographers.]} 


To Contributors.—All contributions will be considered and passed upon at out 
earliest convenience, and, as far as may be, will be published according to date of recep- 
tion. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEws has reached a circulation, both in numbers and circumfer- 
ence, as to make it necessary to put ‘copy ”’ into the hands of the printer, for each num- 
ber, three weeks before date of issue. This should be remembered in sending special or 
important matter for a certain issue. Twenty-five “extras,” without change in form, 
will be given free, when they are wanted ; and this should be so stated on the MS., along 
with the number desired. The receipt of all papers will be acknowledged.—Ep, 


PHILADELPHIA, PA., MARCH, 1906. 


More than sixteen years ago, when the first number of the 
NEws appeared, we had sixteen pages and no illustrations. 
This number contains thirty-six pages of reading matter, two 
pages of exchanges and two pages of advertisements and the 
cover. ) 

The growth of the NEws has been steady and healthful, and 
we sincerely hope it may be able to maintain its present size 
and gradually increase to a fifty page monthly. We have 
received more praise than condemnation, therefore we have 
succeeded. We have not pleased everybody, but we are recon- 
ciled when we remember that the most clubs are found under 
the best apple trees. | 

With the aid of our many friends and subscribers we hope 
to grow and improve and become the greatest journal of ento- 
mology in the world. From now on we will publish not less 
than thirty-six pages monthly. 


THE RECENT meeting of the Association of Economic Entomologists 
in New Orleans was a very successful one, over thirty members being 
present. About thirty very interesting papers were read. The next 
meeting will be held next winter in New York City, in conjunction with 
the A. A. A.S. The following officers were elected for the ensuing 
year: President, A. H. Kirkland, Malden, Mass.; 1st Vice-President, 
W. E. Britton, New Haven, Conn ; 2nd Vice-President, H. A. Morgan, 
Knoxville, Tenn.; Secretary-Treasurer, A. F. Burgess, Columbus, Ohio. 
For member Committee on Nomenclature to serve three years, Herbert 
Osborn, Columbus, Ohio. For members Council A. A.A. S.: H. E. 
Summers, Ames, Iowa; E. A. Schwarz, Washington, D. C.—H. E. Sum- 
meERS, Retiring Secretary, A. E. £. 


100 


., 06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 101 


Notes and News. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL GLEANINGS FROM ALL QUARTERS 
OF THE GLOBE. 


A CorrEcTion.—In a short article published in the ENTOMOLOGICAL 
News for February, 1905, I stated that Piodes coriacea Lec. had been 
found in the Province of Quebec. I regret to say that this statement is 
not correct; I should have said Pachyta rugipennis Newm. I was led 
astray by Abbé Provancher in his ‘‘Additions aux Coleopteres de la 
Province de Quebec,”’ 1878, page 14, where he describes P. rugipennis 
under the name of Piodes coriacea.—G. CHAGNON. 


EUBAPHE OSTENTA Hy. Edw. was described from one male taken at 
Prescott, Arizona. This species was so abundant at light in Carr Canyon, 
Huachuca Mts., Cochise Co., Ariz., during August as to be a nuisance. 
3 It fluttered around the lamp in such numbers as to interfere with the col- 
4 lecting of other species, and it was necessary from time to time to clear 
____ the table of the dead and fallen. The bright crimson and black secon- 
4 daries make it a conspicuous object. I generally spoke of it as the red- 
light nuisance to my host, Mr. Biederman.—HENRyY SKINNER. 


fr. 
5 
3 
of 
te 


Mr. RENE OBERTHUR has been collecting the overwintering nest of 
Euproctis chrysorrhoea to send to Boston in order that parasites may 
possibly be reared from them to assist the New England people in their 
fight against the brown-tail moth. Mr. Oberthur’s collectors have 
a aroused much interest in some of the country regions in France. The 
newspaper in a small town coniments upon the arrival at the hotel of a 
stranger of fine appearance and decorated, who announced that he was 
willing to buy the nests of caterpillars. Soon large sacks of caterpillar 
nests were brought in by the farming people, were packed in large boxes 
and sent to Rennes. The object of this purchase was not announced, 
but.the people did some guessing. One man suggested that they were 
intended to make silk to replace that imported from China, since the 
Japanese, now having control of China, did not wish to sell any more 
silk to France ; another person suggested that the object was to rear the 
caterpillars in order to extract the diamonds from the heads of some of 
them since it is a well-known fact that occasionally a caterpillar is found 
with a diamond in its head ; a third countryman suggested that the object 
was to remove the nests from the caterpillars and use them in filtering 
the city water of Rennes. The editor of the newspaper, with an eye to 
business, gives these three theories and promises his readers that if they 
_ will look in the next Sunday’s edition he will give them the true use of 

these nests.—L. O. Howarp. 


Doings of Societies. 


A meeting of the American Entomological Society was’ held 
June 22d, 1905, Dr. P. P. Calvert, President, in the chair. Nine 
_ persons were present. 

Mr. Daecke reported taking fifteen specimens of Chrysops 
“lax at Winona, N. J., on June 22d. He spoke of the value 


102 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. | [Mar., ’06 


of differentiating the species of Chrysops by a study of the eyes. 
Mr. Rehn said he had been making a study of crickets from 
Costa Rica of the family Trigonidiinze, genera Anaxiphia and 
Falcicula, and had found still another genus which was new. 
These generic differences were elucidated. Dr. Skinner ex- 
hibited Megathymus polingi and Heteropia melon arizonensis, 
new butterflies. | 

Dr. Calvert spoke of the A{shninee the largest of dvagege 
flies and particularly of the genus Gynacantha. Its northern 
range is Florida, and it is found in both the Old and New 
worlds. Some of the species are crepuscular. The comparative 
anatomy of the genus and its allies was discussed. 

HENRY SKINNER, Secretary. 


At the meeting of the Feldman Collecting Social held Jan- 
uary 17, 1906, at the residence of Mr. H. W. Wenzel, 1523 S. 
13th Street, Philadelphia, ten members were present, and Mr. 
F. Haimbach, Jr., visitor. | 

The President, Mr. E. Daecke, read his annual address, 
which was ordered entered upon the minutes. The Treasur- 


er’s report was read and ordered filed. The Secretary’s verbal 


report was accepted. The following officers were elected to 
serve for the year 1906: President, E. Daecke; Vice-President, 
C. Few Seiss ; ap td Frank Haimbach ; 7veasurer, H. W. 
Wenzel. 

Mr. Huntington exhibited a photograph colored by Japanese- 
Photo Water Color Co. 


Mr. Laurent reported finding at least 1000 egg masses of . 


Tenodera sinensis at Mt. Airy, Philadelphia, during the past 
fall, and suggested that the species should be common this 
coming season. | 

Mr. Wenzel dwelt upon the chances of insect life after a 
severe winter as compared with a mild one, and spoke of the 
work of field mice destroying a vast number of insects during 
the winter of 1904-1905. ‘This was discussed by the mem- 
bers. Adjourned. | 

FRANK HAIMBACH, Secretary. 


Cie 


ar., 06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 103 


E _ A meeting of the American Entomological Society was held 
- Apri 27, 1905, Dr. Philip P. Calvert in the chair. Thirteen 
peeteons were present. The President announced the deaths 
: of Dr. Henri de Saussure on February 20th, elected’ a corres- 
Z e cine member of the Society January 15, 1866, and of F. 
_ M. Brauer, who died December 29, 1904, elected a corres- 
ponding member October 28, 1897. Letters were read from 
Brunner von Wattenwyl, Ignacio Bolivar and Nicolas Adelung 
thanking the Society for having elected them corresponding 
4 members. 

‘Mr. Laurent said he. had observed a specimen of Vanessa 
_ antiopa on the stairway of his carriage house on Christmas 
_ day and it remained there until Feb. 17th. Dr. Calvert spoke 
' _ of the Odonata collected by Mr. E. B. Williamson in Guate- 
mala and sent to him for study. ‘Two thousand seven hun- 

dred specimens were collected in two months. 

3 Mr. Weigand spoke of his success in sugaring for moths on 
a Holly Beach, New Jersey. ‘Taking two hundred specimens in 
one night was not unusual. 

Mr. Snyder asked if the issuing of Hymenoptera during the 
warm fall days has any effect in decreasing the spring brood. 
Discussed by the members. 

HENRY SKINNER, Secretary. 


A meeting of the Entomological Section of the Academy of 
Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia, was held May 25, 1905. Mr. 
Philip Laurent, Director, presiding. Twelve persons were 
_ present. Dr. Skinner exhibited Syntomide from Venezuela, 
_ which mimic Hymenoptera in a wonderful:-manner. Some 
_ large Cicadas from Burma and the pretty moth Coptodisca 
_ splendoriferella, the latter raised from cocoons taken by Mr. 
Edward Potts, Media, Pa., were also shown. 
gl Daecke called attention to the value of Canada balsam 
r mounting small insects as they do not shell off as they do 
on glue is used. 

Pic Rehn spoke of his studies of South American Truxa- 
li e Hylopteriges. Americans use the genus 7ruxalis and 
Europeans MJetaleptia. The question of the generic syno- 


104 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Mar., ’06 


nymy of species described by Giglio-Tos and Bruner was dis- 
cussed by the speaker and his own views given. Mr. Daecke 
exhibited an Odonate new to the New Jersey list. The species 
was Gomphus brevis and was taken at Brown’s Mills Junction, 
May 21st. He also said Basieschna janata was uncommon in 
collections, but not in the pine barrens of New Jersey. 

Mr. Haimbach exhibited a box containing the Micro-lepid- 
optera he had taken during the year, representing forty-four 
species. 

Dr. Calvert exhibited carbon tetrachloride and gave some to 
the members to try as an insecticide. It is less inflammable 
than carbon bisulphide and of a pleasanter odor. — 

Mr. Haimbach reported having received Catopsilia philea 
from Kirkwood, Georgia. 

HENRY SKINNER, Recorder. 


The fifteenth regular meeting of the Pacific Coast Entomo- 
logical Society was held on February 25, 1905, at the Califor- 
nia Academy of Sciences. President Fuchs in the chair. 
Eleven members were present. Two new members were 
elected. 

Mr. F. W. Nunenmacher exhibited a series of Hippodamia 
sinuata and americana, the specimens showed that the two 
species intergrade, the markings forming a continuous series ; 
all were collected in Alameda County, California; also the 
following : Coccidula scutellata (Berlin), C. rufa (Berlin), C. 
lepida (New York), C. occidentalis (Cazaville, Quebec), Adalia 
bipunctata (Massachusetts), A. ludovice (W. T.), A. frigida 
var. ophthalmica (Siskiyou Co.), A. humeralis (Tulare Co.). 

Dr. F. EH. Blaisdell reported the welfare of three larve of 
Omus ambiguus that had been brought from Mt. Shasta by 
Mr. Beverly Letcher. They fed on flies and appeared more 
sluggish and did not hibernate like the larvee of O. sequotarum 
previously reported. He also spoke upon several forms of 
Llapstinus, e. g., that he was inclined to refer the species col- 
lected at Mokelumne Hill, Calaveras County, California, to 
inquisitus, as the two sexes were about alike in form, although 
the legs were reddish and not dark as in the Truckee form; a 


Mar., ’06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 105 


species taken at San Francisco he referred to fuliginosus, and 
those taken in Contra Costa County to elongatus. 

Dr. E. C. Van Dyke thought that each member of the 
Society should specialize upon some group or order of insects. 
He also spoke upon the life histories of insects, especially the 
Carabidz, and the need of such work. 

Mr. Edw. Ehrhorn also thought it the proper thing for each 
member to take up some particular group and referred to the 
myriads of small things to be found everywhere. 

Dr. Blaisdell exhibited Fleodes riley. 

Mr. F. X. Williams the following variations in Lepidoptera: 
4 Chrysophanus gorgon, Pyramets mulleri 8 , Anthocharis auson- 
tades 2 , 3 Meliteza chalcedon—one with a simple row of submar- 
ginal allow spots, another with a whitish discal cell, spring 
and summer forms, the latter more than twice as large as the 
former. 


The sixteenth regular quarterly meeting of the Pacific Coast 
Entomological Society was the annual field day, and was held 
at Fairfax, Marin County, California, on June 11, 1905. Nine 
members and nine guests participated in the outing. Many 
good things were taken. Mr. F. W. Nunenmacher obtained 
two specimens of a blind Tenebrionide,* which is undoubtedly 
a new and remarkable species and will necessitate the creation 
of a new genus for its reception. It probably represents a new 
tribe near the Scaurini. This makes the third species of blind 
Tenebrionideze from California—Alaudes sengularis and Typh- 
lusedrus singularis being the other two species. Purpuricenus 
dimidiata and Obverea quadricallosa were also taken. The 
weather was too dry for fine collecting. 


The seventeenth regular meeting of the Pacific Coast Ento- 


pe mological Society was held on August 26, 1905, at the resi- 
_ dence of Dr. F. E. Blaisdell, President Fuchs in the chair. 


q ‘Ten members and ten guests were present. President Fuchs 


ee 
- kal 


read the following notice : 


_ Members of the Pacific Coast Ent. Soc. 
With sincere regret I have to announce : the death of Mr. 


'* See p. 76, 


106 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. — [Mar., ’06 


Beverly Letcher. He passed away in San Francisco, July 17, 
1905, at the age of 41 years. Born in San Francisco, Califor- 
nia. With him were lost not only a good honest friend, but 
also an excellent entomologist of bright ideas and deep obser- 
vations in general entomology. His specialty was Lepidop- 
doptera. I beg all present to rise and pay to our good friend 
our sincerest esteem. I suggest that the Society draw up a 
set of resolutions, showing our regard for him and that a copy 
be presented to his mother, Mrs. Anna Letcher. 

The following committee was appointed to draw up the reso- 
lutions: Dr. EK. C. Van Dyke, James Cottle and Dr. F. E. 
Blaisdell. 

Dr. E. C. Van Dyke then reported ‘‘A Month’s Outing in 
Washington.’’ He briefly considered the comparative geogra- 
phy of Oregon and Washington, stating that he visited Mon- 
roe, Tacoma, Paradise Park (Rainier) and Mt. Shasta. He 
spoke of the general conditions in the two States, giving a 
review of the geology past and present. He also considered 
the flora and fauna. 

He gave the results of his collecting at Monroe, in the for- 
est and clearing, along streams and in the open swampy places; 
collecting at Paradise Park was then taken up, with results in 
collecting along the streams, on flowers, trees, on ice fields 
and about tents, with the report of taking Cicindela depressula, 
Nebrias on ground and under logs. He stated that he recog- 
nized two faunas in Eastern Washington. 

Mr. James Cottle gave a report of his summer’s outing 
(July 17th to 31st) at Anderson Springs, Lake County, Cali- 
fornia, stating that he caught many Cafocala as follows: 
aholibah, pura, faustina, californica, cleopatra, ophelia, violenta, 
zoe and what is undoubtedly a new species. 

Mr. J. C. Huguenin gave an account of his outing in the 
Yosemite National Park in the early part of July. At Wanona, 
Mariposa County, he took Omus horniz. In the Yosemite 
Valley he took Cavabus tedatus var., Pterostichus morionides 
and Lleodes scabricula, parvicollis var. and consobrina var. It 
proved too early for Lepidoptera. 

F. E. BLAISDELL, M.D., Secretary. 


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Ent. News, Vol. XVII. 


Pl. oe 


R ie NH) 
\\ gs 


J 
74 


ey) 


CULEX VARIPALPUS coa. 


-ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 


ND 


p OCEEDINGS OF THE Be aes ocical. SECTION 


APRIL, 1906. No. 4 
CONTENTS: 
Notes and descriptions of. _ Britton—Some new or little known 
of Culex varipalpus Coq. 107 | Aleyrodidz from Connecticut—II 127 
ty a mew Culex near curriei.. 109 Slingerland—Formaldehyde as an in- 
a Dr. ote s Review of the BORUNNE So peer cr v oasy esas 130 
Beeman Soe ee cht Ay 5... otate 110 =Williamson—Dragonflies (Odonata) 
~ collected by Dr. D. A. Atkinson in 
Bee ya visi. s 5. sca Itz. | Newfoundland, with notes on some 
| species of Somatochlora ........... 133 
Te Se ee oa 3 114 Johnson—An emergency case in insect 
AT EUICCOLULE: pia Siete sis cu cewmeainks 139 
MMe tgs sina: «a bea 116 | Editorial ......... ceeeesse esse eeeeeees 140 
i Doings of Socleties..05\.5 vscecvieccesetas I4t 
aes oe 121 | 
is «i 1234 


_ pus Cog. 
By F. E. BLAISDELL. 
(Plate ” 


thie and acces. awkward movements. All "of the 
2 of this species that I have seen were taken from a hole 
sycamore tree; for the last three years they have been 
ant, from July to January, when there was sufficient 
keep: water in the hole. 

e largest larvee (Fig. 1 of Plate) are 7 to 8 mm. in 
1, including the siphon, and nearly six times longer than 
Son of the prothorax. Color is yellowish to a dirty 


107 


108 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ April, 06 


white, anal siphon more or less black, head ferrugineous with 
sutures ventrally and spots laterally piceous. 

The head is subquadrate, narrower than the prothorax, 
slightly wider than the abdominal segments, comparatively 
small in the younger larvae, widest at or just back of the eyes, 
tempora scarcely at all subangulate, the frontal surface quite 
evenly and moderately convex. The antennae (Fig. 6) are 
more or less piceous, usually whitish beneath, slightly more 
than one-half as long as the head, very feebly arcuate, cylin- 
drical, slightly and gradually narrowing at apex, and termi- 
nating in a small colorless, pointed segment ; laterally at mid- 
dle is a long seta. 

The mandible (Fig. 9) and palpus (Fig. 10) are sufficiently 
characterized by the figures. The mentum (Figs. 7 and 8) is 
triangular with the sides slightly arcuate, and finely subden- 
ticulo-crenulate, the internal surface (Fig. 8) is clothed with 
very fine hairs or cilia. 

The thorax is transversely oval; at each side there are four 
or five well-developed tufts of long setae, of which the dorsal 
two are only given in the figure. 

The abdominal segments, 3 to 7, are subequal, segments 
I and 2 are apparently shorter. 

The pecten of the eighth segment consists of a patch on 
each side of the segment, of about 15 to 19 chitinous scales, 
apparently arranged in two transverse rows ; one or two scales 
may constitute another or third row ; the anterior row has 9 or 
1o scales, while the posterior some 5 or 6, their line of attach- 
ment being just caudad to that of the anterior row, and usually 
alternating with them; sometimes they are arranged in ante- 
rior-posterior series, which is never perfect ; each scale is elon- 
gate, flattened, with the margins fringed with spines (Fig. 4), 

the scales vary in form as indicated by the figures. 

‘The anal siphon is about three times as long as wide, ap- 
parently shorter in the younger larvee. The siphonal pecten 
consists of a single straight series of 13 scales, situated at 
basal fifth and reaching the base. Each scale (Fig. 3) is very 
acute, with one to three smaller spines at proximal side of the 
base. | 


~— si eet - . ie 


il, ’06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 109 


arsely within the branchia, within each circle is a small 

central circle. ‘The branchia are easily detached. 

_ The setae of the larvae are peculiar, inasmuch as they are 
lothec with fine hairs. Figure 5 represents the basal part of 

thoracic tuft, while figure 2 illustrates | a tuft from the 

ght ith segment. 

The larvae are fragile, especially in preservative fluids. 

E the pupae the respiratory siphons are small and compara- 
vely inconspicuous, while the two anal branchiz are nearly 

al, slightly longer than wide, slightly and rather broadly 

vinate at apex, with a small, slender seta projecting back- 

; from the centre of the emargination; margins at sides 

inute spinulo-denticulate, at apex minutely spinulose. 

a whole the pupa is slender, the abdomen elongate, and 
tly dorso-ventrally depressed. 


43> 
—=—or- 


A new Culex near curriei. 


By D. W. CoQuiLLETtr. 
x lativittatus, n. sp. 


0 a similar to curriez that I am unable to detect any difference, 
n the stripe of brown scales in the middle of the mesonotum, In 
2sent species this stripe is very broad, covering more than one-fifth 
| = width of the mesonotum, the borders almost parallel and well 
ed. In curriei this stripe is much narrower, covering less than one- 
the width of the mesonotum, its borders not well defined, usually 
rrow line of brown scales on either side of it, but separated by 


of yellowish white scales. 

Clara and Alameda Counties, California. A large 
of both sexes received from Miss Isabel McCracken. 

is evidently the species referred to by Mr. Quayle in 
uary number of the News, under the name of curriei. 
ter appears to be a fresh-water species. Mr. Frederick 
informs me that the larvae of the two forms are very 


110 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ April, ’06 


On Dr. Dyar’s Review of the Hesperidae. 


By HENRY SKINNER. 


Dr. Dyar has published in the Journal of the New York 


Entomological Society * A Review of the Hesperidze of the © 


United States. The value of the paper is greatly impaired by 
the lack of sub-family definitions, and it is impossible for any- 
one not familiar with the sub-families to use the keys to the 


genera the author gives. Nearly the whole classification of — 


the Hesperide is based on the presence or absence of the costal 
fold, a male secondary sexual character. ‘The females there- 
fore must work out their own salvation. This costal fold ap- 
pears to be distributed through the family in a most arbitrary 


way and in closely related species one will have it and the © 


other not. Unfortunately it has not been used in a logical 
manner for generic separation. The two species, bathyllus 
Abbott & Smith, and pAy/ades Scudder, are remarkably close 
specifically, yet dathyllus is the type of Thorybes Scudder and 


pylades the type of Coccezus Godman & Salvin. Cocceiusis based — 


on the presence of a costal fold in the male. The logicand the 
beauty of this is seen from the fact that in the genus Audamus, 


stmplicius Stoll has a costal fold while dorantes Stoll lacks it. — 
Why are they not different genera? This fact invalidates Dr. — 


Dyar’s first key and makes such a classification absurd. The 
genus Cogia Butler is based on another secondary sexual char- 
acter, the presence of a pencil of hairs near the abdominal fold 
of the secondaries. The species appear to be more nearly 


related to species in the other genera as segregated. Phedinus 


caicus Herrich-Schaeffer, moschus Edws., is so close specifically 
to bathyllus that they are frequently confounded yet they are 


placed in different genera. The same may be said of dathyllus 


and pylades. ‘The writer does not admit that a single second- 
ary sexual character proves their non-relationship. In passing 


it is noted that in the Biologia, cazcus H. S. and moschus Ed- 
wards, while not specifically separated, are said to differ by 


the latter being lighter in color, palpi whiter and hyaline spots — ‘a | 


larger, yet they separate Pyrrhopyga arizone and P. araxes 


* Vol. XIII, p. 111. 


il, 06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. III 


¢ e Bier and places it as a synonym of sibemicats 
i lle. Godman and Salvin place one species, albociliata, in 
garia and say it does not have a costal fold. If we logic- 
follow out the significance of this we have a single species 
1 two genera. This is by no means unusual in ‘‘ up-to-date 
enera’’ as we see the same thing in Bull. 52 U. S. N. M. 
; my knowledge of genera is only ‘‘an opinionated at- — 
t to discredit them’’ I can’t be expected to follow such 


ppetes on the presence br a aki pencil on the hind tibiee: 
a most extraordinary, as syrichtus and montivaga are one 
ss. LHylephila phyleus and Polites coras Cram. (peckius 
y ) certainly look lonely. It may be mentioned here that 
y-five years ago Mr. Scudder erected many genera of the 
eridee without descriptions. They were only indicated 
cific types. There were about thirty in all. These have 
tumbling blocks and our Hesperid genera will bein a 

condition until they are thoroughly studied. Dr. Dyar 
ecognized practically all of them, and. this has been the 
of much confusion, as shown by his Revision. ‘To one 
ing the species it can be said, without fear of contradic- 
t in the Pamphilinze the species in given genera are 
early related to species in other genera than they are to 
other. This would not be so bad if the genera would 
irrespective of natural relationship. Caééa hasa single 
_otho, and Thymelicus twenty, and these twenty will 
re ater variation in slight differences among themselves 
hey do from the lonely segregated one. Those undér 
mnis show a sad mixture and would make five or six gen- 
of equal value to those used. For example compare /eon- 
and morrisoni ; juba and metea. In Ochlodes compare 


I12 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ April, ’06 


snowt and verus, nemorum and sassacus. Atrytonopsis hianna 
and Lerodea loammi are so close specifically that they may be 
topomorphs, yet they are placed in widely separated genera. 4. 
python Edws. should not be placed where it is. Compare fusca 
and fextor in the genus Stomyles. ‘The association of scudderi 
and aaront may go in an ‘‘ up-to-date classification,’’ but na- 
ture would never recognize it. 

Maculata and eufala would never agree to being associated in 
Lerodes if they knew it. The same theory applies to arpa, 
palatka, byssus, dion in relation to yehl and pontiac. The species 
under Prenes are closely related. Padraona dara Kollar is the 
same species as omaha Edw. Omaha is the type of Potanthus 
Scudder (1872). Padvraona Moore (1881). Dr. Dyar says 
Megathymus cofagui Strecker and JZ, streckeri Skinner are not 
well separated. The specimens and the literature prove other- 
wise. WZ. aryxna Dyar is a synonym of nzeumoegent Edw. The 
fig. 3, pl. 69, Biol. Cent: Amer. Het. is not xeumoegeni, as stated 
by Dr. Dyar. 

Dr. Dyar assumes that I am not familiar with the genera of 
the Hesperidz, because I have not used all or many of those 
proposed. I have not used them because in many cases they ~ 
are unscientific, illogical and untenable. Dr. Dyar’s Re- 
vision proves the correctness of my position. I can’t logically 
be held responsible for not proposing better ones. When I 
became interested in the family the species were in great con- 
fusion in collections, and I never saw a collection where they 
were all correctly named. I have named specimens for many 
years from all over the country and the species is the unit of 
classification, and a multiplicity of bad genera—a Tower of 
Babel. 


aa ere 
= 


I wIsH to report that out of 335 7. polyphemus cocoons about 40 had 
stems. One contained a parasite.—RICHARD KUSCHEL, Chicago, 
Illinois. 


Mr. E. P. VAN DuzgeE, of the Grosvenor Library, Buffalo, New York, 
has gone to Jamaica for a few weeks’ collecting trip. We may look for- 
ward to an increase in our knowledge of the Hemipterous fauna of that 
island. 


pril, ’06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 113 


A Malpighian Tube Within the Heart. 
By WILLIAM A. RILEy, Cornell University. 


e are accustomed to variety in the location of the urinary 
s of the Arthropoda, but one is a little surprised to find 
falpighian tube within the heart. And yet such a condi- 
tion sometimes occurs among the insects. So far as has been 
f und it occurs only in certain Orthoptera. The accompany- 
, illustration from a cross-section of the abdomen of an 
‘idid, the common Melanoplus Lea shows two cross- 
ections of a Malpighian 
ube within the cavity of 
he heart. On tracing 
> it is seen that they 
not represent two 
5 but rather a sin-— 


Cross-section of pericardial region of Melanoplus 
n itself. Semoratus—d, dorsal diaphragm ; /, pericar- 
A side fr om a brief dial cells; m, mialpighian tube; 4, heart. 


incidental mention by Kowalevsky, 1894,* this condition 
eems to have escaped notice. In studying the heart of 
Pachytilus this worker was surprised to find in the mid- 
» region of the abdomen, Malpighian tubes within the 
ty of the heart. Supposing, at first that it was a pa- 
ological condition, he studied the same region of. the heart 
yf f Locusta viridissima and found exactly the same condition. 
this species, it was easy to recognize that the Malpighian 
reached the heart by way of the cardio-coelomic aper- 
, and that after a tortuous course it passed through the 
tdio-pericardial aperture into the pericardial chamber. 
er, he found the same condition in the nymph of an unde- 
1ined Locustid. 
a result of his studies, Kowalevsky reached the con- 
mn that this condition was not pathological but perfectly 
al for the Acrididae and Locustidae. He sought to ex- 
1 ee strange phenomenon as a case of physiological attrac- 
In most animals,—Molluses, Vertebrates, Crustaceans, 


va 


Ko ime A. 1894. Etudes sur le coeur de quelques Orthopteres, Cominunication 
: naire, Arch. Zool. exp. 3 ser. t. 2 pp., 485-490. — 


114 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ April, ’06 


—the acid and alkali-eliminating organs (distinguished re- 


spectively by their ability to take up carmine, or indigo-car- 
mine) are united into one. ‘Thus we have the urinary tubules 
and the Malpighian corpuscles in the kidney of the Verte- 
brates ; the urinary canals and the peripheral saccules in the 


decapod Crustaceans; the pericardial glands and the organs ~ 


of Bojanus in the Lamellibranchs. In the insects, however, 
we have these organs, represented respectively by the pericar- 


dial cells and the Malpighian tubes, entirely separate. Kowa-— 


levsky concludes that ‘‘there thus results a certain physio- 
logical attraction between the organs, which leads to the pene- 
tration of the Malpighian tubes into the region occupied by 
the acid-eliminating part of the kidney, that is to say, into 
the region of the pericardial cells.’’ 

I have studied a number of series of adults of AMelanoplus 
Jemoratus and of both adults and nymphs of M/elanoplus femur- 
rubrum but have observed the phenomenon in only the one 
individual. In addition, I have examined series of Chorto- 
phaga (nymph and adult), G@canthus, Gryllus, and Blatta, but 
have met with no further instance. ‘The Orthoptera possess 


from thirty toa hundred and fifty Malpighian tubes and yet 
of all these Kowalevsky found but a single one within the 
heart of any individual. If we have in the phenomenon a 


perfectly normal case of physiological attraction, why does it 
affect but a single tube, or how account for the fact that it has 
never been observed in any other order of insects? ‘The con- 
dition is an interesting one, but the evidence certainly goes to 
show that it is a purely accidental one. Whether it is merely 
mechanical, brought about by the movements of the insect, or 
whether it is an abnormal method of growth, is a question. 


<a> 
—=<or- 


Notes on Caenocara Oculata Say. 
By C. O. Hoventon, Newark, Del. 

In his ‘‘Revision of the Ptinidae of Boreal America,’’ recently 
published, Mr. H. C. Fall writes, in part, of the genus Ceno- 
cara as follows: ‘‘The species of this genus, or at least some of 
them, are known to pass the larval state in puff balls (Lyco- 


a 
a 
5. 
a 
: 

/ 


* 


pril, 06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 115 


2). The perfect insects are found for the most part on 
ik foliage.’’ On Sept. 26 last, Mr. H. S. Jackson, Asst. 
ycologist of the ‘Delaware Station, brought mea specimen — 
© a species of Scleroderma which he had taken in an open 
‘ove made up rather largely of oak trees. A slight cut which 
id been made in the Scleroderma revealed the presence within 
umerous small, white coleopterous larvae in their cells. I 
placed the specimen, which measured about one and one-half 
inches in diameter, in a glass dish, which was covered with a 
sme 1 pane of glass, and set it aside in my laboratory to await 
elopments. One larval cell, which was opened enough to 
§ ev al the presence of a larva within, was examined occasion- 
. ally, and on October 5th an adult, nearly of normal color, was 

found within it. This cell, when examined two or three days 


r n the Scleroderma several more were secured, making 
_ about 25 specimens in all. On October 18th, 44 more speci- 
as were secured, and a few days later a few others, enough 


dE INFALLIBLE Errs.—The March, 1906, number of The Journal of 
ie New York Entomological Society, edited by Dr. Harrison G. Dyar, 
page 7, lines 23, 24, gives us cupracens, instead of cuprascens, as a specific 

ame in Cicindela, and on page 51, line 23, Lacadpéde for Lacépéde. 
ry little experience in proof-reading is required to teach the proof- 
how easy it is to overlook typographical errors, and were it not 
rtain remarks quoted in the News for December, 1905, page 376, 
would not dream of calling attention to these’slips in our esteemed 
contemporary. It is a certain satisfaction, however,.to meet with evi- 
ence that its Editor is of not altogether different clay from the rest of 


> entomological fraternity. —-ONE OF THE PHILADELPHIANS. 
al 


116 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ April, ’06 


Notes on the True Neuroptera. 
J. F. MCCLENDON. 
2.—On Venation in Neuroptera. 


The wings of Neuroptera have been variously treated by 
systematists, and a few species have been considered by Com- 
stock and Needham in their excellent series of articles in the 
32d and 33d volumes of the American Naturalist. In 1go1 I 
commenced to collect material for a developmental and com- 
parative study of the venation of the group, but on account of 
pressure of other duties, failed to get many pupae, and had to 
content myself with studying the tracheation of the fully 
formed wings by bleaching them for days in chlorine water. 

In distinguishing the veins, I have used the nomenclature of 
Redtenbacher as applied by Comstock and Needham. 


SIALINA. 

The wings of Szalima are broad and seemingly irregularly 
reticulated, but if we leave out of consideration the cross veins, 
the venation can easily be reduced to the hypothetical type of 
Comstock and Needham. The anal space of the hind wings . 
is thin and folded when at rest. 


SIALID. 
In Corydalis texana, Fig. 1, the sub-costa and radius run 


i 


Fig. 1.—Corydalis texana. Fore wing. In this as well as in the suc- 
ceeding figures the cross veins are omitted, save where they 
are represented by spaced lines. 


3 


parallel nearly to the tip of the wing, where they fuse. The 
radial sector has become pectinate by fusion of 7* and 7, as 
shown by Comstock and Needham. A’ has three side branches, 


\pril, ’06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 117 


one of which is divided into two. J: and mare fused. Cu! 
thas three side branches. The first, second, and third anal 
veins each branch once. 

In Sialis infumata, Fig. 2, the anterior wing is modified by 
: the fusion of cz 
and m for some 
distance, and asso- 
ciated with this, 
the radius assumes 
a bowed form. J7/' 
and mm are fused. 
In the hind wing 
the bases of the 
median and cubitus 
-are fused. and 
m* are fused. J7/* 
and m* are fused. 


Fig. 2.—Siais infumata. 


: : RAPHIDIDZ. 

In Raphidia oblita, Figs. 3 and 4, the sub-costa reaches the 
margin of the wing 
‘before the pteros- 
tigma. In the an-. 
terior wing the | 
adius, media, and 
cu are fused for a 
short distance. In Fig. 3.—Raphidia oblita. Fore wing. 
the posterior wing 
the bases of the 
adius and media ,— 9% ; Berea 
are fused for some “ | a ens << 
distance and cu CSN NN AOS S> 
ses with the first 
al through the 
ddle third of its course. 


Fig. 4.—Raphidia oblita, Hind wing. 


HEMEROBINA (MEGALOPTERA),. 
MYRMELEONIDE. 

' In the MZyrmeleonide we have tygical venation save that 

many accessory veins have been added distally and the branch- 


118 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS, [April, ’06 


ing of the median has been almost or quite completely sup- 
pressed. 

In Ululodes hyalina, Fig. 5, the sub-costa and radius run 
parallel to the pterostigma, where they unite. The radial 
sector is branched dichotomously, though it is functionally 


Fig. 5.—Ululodes (Ulula) hyalina. Fore wing. 


pectinate, A+ being united to RX: +3 by a strong cross vein. 
The media is unbranched. 2, », Cu! and the anal furnish 
numerous veinlets by pectinate branching. | 

In ALyrmeleon rusticus, Fig. 6, the number of accessory 


ja aaa EN. iy er x 
A» SS 


1 S$. & 
Qe 7. v q Ss 
~tmy 2 ae a SSS 
' YY \) Dh T\ \ \ ae Eid > Wage 


Fig. 6.—Myrmeleon rusticus. Fore wing. | 


veins is very much increased, Cu! having thirteen branches, 
each of which subdivides once. 


HEMEROBIDAS. 


In the Hemerobide the radial sector has become pectinate ~ 


by splitting of A+ +> as shown by Comstock and Needham for 


Flemerobius. Heel 
In the fore wing of Micromus posticus, Fig. 7, the radial 


sector is suppressed ) 


and the radius has pas ™ > 
ZS Mae ee 


become  pectinate. NR rs. a 
Whether this has been \S Sex’ J 
; NG de hee 
caused by fission or # SQ. 2 Rs Sere 
S ae “ 2 > 
coalescence, I have Taina hy b> 


not enough material Fig. 7:—Micromus posticus. Fore wing. 


, 06] _ ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 119 


decide, but when we compare it with the hind wing, where 
> radial sector is distinct, we see the magnitude of the 
ange. The cross-vein connecting 7 with 7“ in the hind wing, 
x. 8, suggests 

at the change has 


en brought about [== ee 
shifting of the % is shat ee 
trachea from longi- SS 
udinal to cross 4 
° Cae : i dy k Ss ~~ 
ins—many  tra- Svan 2& wae 


ch eve are found mis- 
placed in the pupa, 
: hoe change might ae occur—the change would then be 


Fig. 8.—Micromus posticus. Hind wing. 


eUa; 


= \ X W \ WS SS . 


Fig 9.—FPolystoechotes punctatus. Fore wing. 


ng “* gives tise to-fourteen veinlets, each of which subdivides 
ice. Cu' has seven such branches. The sub-costa and r 


1 Mantispa interrupta, Figs. 10 aa 11, the sub-costa runs 
a eae ae through the middle 
0 oe ee eee Wl ee, Poe of the pterostigma 
i ig A ee. SS for the last third of 

? kK sey SONY its course, and dis- 
re ew IN rh KAD» appears near its 


Fig. 10.—Mantispa interrupta. Fore wing. end. The base of 


120 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ April, ’06 


———_~=CsAthee:« media: fuses with that 

a MES ie of the radius for some 
"~~ distance; and, in the an- 

nto terior wing, Fig. 10, the 
media dips down and then 
fuses with the radius again 
thus forming a small tri- 
angular cell. After the 
media is finally free it 


Fig. 11.—Mantispa interrupta. Part divides into the typical 
of hind wing. number of branches. 


CHRYSOPIDA. 


In the Chrysopide we find a great modification by coales- 
gence... 

In the anterior wing of Chrysopa plorabunda, Fig. 12, the 
veins in the middle 
run zigzag and fuse 
at their angles, 
forming areticular < 
structure without 
the interposition of 


true cross veins. 

“ Fig. 12.—Chrysopa plorabunda. Fore wing. 

- he so . ae ed Where veins have coalesced I have 

cross vein of represented them slightly separate 
the ‘‘third cubital for clearness of interpretation. 


cell’’ (m’*+.*) behaves in a very peculiar manner: m*+* runs 
obliquely forward and coalesces for some distance with m’ +’, 
and then separates from it again. 

The hind wing, Fig. 13, resembles Myrmeleon, save that 7s 
and mw coalesce for some distance. 


Fig 13.—Chrysopa plorabunda, Hind wing. ' 


April, ’06] -ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 121 


PANORPINA (MECAPTERA. ) 


PANORPID. 


The venation of the Panorpide is quite typical, save for the 
3 fusion of veins near the base of the wing, due to narrowing of 
this region, and the development of a few accessory veins. 

: In Panorpa confusa, Fig. 14,.7? branches once. 


Fig. 14.—Fanorpa confusa. Wing. 


In Littacus strigosus, Fig. 15, m and Cu' coalesce for some 
distance. 


Fig. 15.—Bittacus strigosus. Wing. 


“dp 
1% 


aa 


An Interesting New Genus and Species of Encyrtidae. 
E <7 By L. O. Howarp. | 
4 The newspapers have given an account of how the State 
Board of Horticulture of California sent an orange or lemon 
tree to China in charge of Mr. George Compere, in order to 
stock it with Chinese parasites of the red scale and then return 
_ it to California. Mr. Compere has been good enough to send 
me specimens of the parasites reared in China, one of which 
a proves to be a small variety of Aphelinus diasphidis mihi, and 
_ the other is the remarkable form described below. 


& 
- 


COMPERIELLA gen. nov. 

Female: Body robust, abdomen slightly shorter than thorax; 
ead not oblong; antennae flattened, broad; tip of scape, 
dicel, funicle joints and club of equal width, pedicel tringu- 


122 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ April, ’06 


lar, funicle joints 6 in number, much shorter than broad, 
compressed, cup-shaped ; club suboval, three-jointed, as long 
as all 6 funicle joints together, slightly flattened at the tip, 
first joint longest, third joint shortest Wings with an oblique 
hairless line running from stigmal vein anally and distally ; 
three hairless spaces beyond the middle of the wing, and two 
broad diverging bands of cilia beginning about the middle of 
the wing, the uppermost ending at wing apex and the other 
half way from this point to the rounded anal angle. Marginal 
vein very short; stigmal short, obtuse, descending at nearly 
right angles to the wing margin. Ovipositor scarcely ex- 
truded. 

Male: Unknown. Comes nearest to Habrolepis. Name 
derived from Compere (George). 


Comperiella bifasciata sp. n. 

Length: 1.f mm.; expanse, 2.1 mm.; greatest width of forewing, .33 
mm. General color black, with greenish-golden reflections on mesos- 
cutum, and bluish metallic reflections on mesoscutellum. Head witha 
central longitudinal occipital band which extends on pronotum, with a 
yellowish longitudinal band either side. Antennae uniformly dark 
brown, nearly black, somewhat lighter at tip of club. Front femora and 
tibiae dusky, becoming light toward the tip of the tibiae; first 4 tarsal 
joints very light yellow, apical joint dusky. Hind femora and tibiae dark 
brown, nearly black ; tarsal joints white, except apical joint, which is 
black. Wings hyaline, except for a dusky patch below stigma, and 2 
divergent fascia of a brownish color corresponding almost exactly with 
the bands of cilia mentioned in the generic description ; a small darker 
brown spot at marginal vein. 


Described from one female specimen bred from Aspidiotus 
(Aonidiella) aurantit Maskell, by Mr. George Compere. 

Habitat: China. Type to be deposited in the U. §. Na- 
tional Museum. 


<0 
=oPr- 


THE OnIO UNIVERSITY LAKE LABORATORY, at Cedar Point, will be 
open from June 25th to August 3d. The course in entomology will in- 
clude collecting, mounting, and identifying insects in connection with 
studies in life history and anatomy. Excellent opportunities for life his- 
tory studies are offered both on aquatic and terrestrial forms. Prof. 
Osborn, State University, Columbus, Ohio, will be in charge. ; 


sah 


Ent. News, Vol. XVII. PL i 


J.M.Aldrich del. 


inet 


THE DIPTEROUS GENUS CALOTARSA. 


oril, ’06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 123 


The Dipterous Genus Calotarsa, with one new Species. 
.- By J. M. ALDRICH. © 
(Plate IV) 

‘The discovery of a new species of this charming little group 
lakes it worth while to give a brief review of the genus. 
_ ‘Townsend, in 1894 (Canadian Entomologist, X XVI, 50-52, 
d - figs.), described the genus and its typical species, Ca/otarsa 
_ ornatipes, from a single male specimen collected at Cham- 
q _ pater, Ill. He referred the genus to the family Syrphidae, 
_ in which he acknowledged that it would occupy a very anoma- 

isis position. The error of overlooking the family Platype- 
E — zidae was corrected by Banks in the next number of the jour- 
nal (p. 88); he expressed the opinion that Calotarsa was a 
a Day bo er of Platypeza, and reported another male specimen in 
his collection, taken at Ithaca, N. Y. In the following num- 
ber of the journal, Townsend admitted the relationship of the 
genus to the Platypezidae, but contended that it was not 
synonymous with /latypeza (p. 102). Williston in the same 
4q number (p. 116) mentioned the genus as probably synony- 
mous with Platypeza. 
; Late in 1894, W. A. Snow published in the Kansas tiaiven 
sity Quarterly (III, 143-152, 1 pl.), a revision of the North 
_ American Platypezidae, with several new species; a supple- 
_ ment to the paper was added in the same publication in Jan- 
wary, 1895 (III, 205-207). He did not accept Calotarsa, 
_ teferring ornatipes to Platypeza ; he described another species 
- with greatly ornamented hind feet, under the name of Platy- 
_ peza calceata. Of this he had seventy-five males and one 
_ female, collected in Hop Canyon, Magdalena Mts., N. M., on 
_ August 19-21, 1894. He also reported another specimen of 
_ ornatipes, sent him by me, and collected by me on a window 
4 at Brookings, S. D. No other species with ornamented hind 
tarsi have been known up to the present, nor have any other 
. - specimens of the two described species come to light, as far as 
mt know. 
ae my catalogue of North American Diptera, I recognized 
f Beers as a distinct genus, mentioning that I did so on Mr. 
es recommendation. 


sy 


124 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ April, ’06 


The question whether it is really synonymous with Platypeza 
I am unable to settle at present, not having access to material 
in typical Platypeza. Snow declared that a somewhat larger 
size and the ernamentation of the hind tarsi of the male were 
the only characters to separate the two genera, and he thought 
them insufficient. The typical Platypezas figured by Snow 
show in the male the hind tarsus but little modified—less than 
in the female—nothing at all of the surprising structures 
shown in his figures of ornatipes and calceata, which I repro- 
duce on my plate. ‘The question of synonymy I leave in 
abeyance, rather hoping that further examination of abundant 
material may show characters applicable to both sexes; at 
least we have subgeneric characters in the feet of the male. 

The two species previously known and the one herein de- 
scribed will be readily separated by the * characters of the hind 
tarsi of the males, as shown in the plate. I will only add in 
this connection that otherwise the three species are exceed- 
ingly close together, zszgnzs being more uniformly. yellow on 
the abdomen than the other two. ‘The female of orvmatipes is 
as yet unknown, while of the other two zzszgnzs has a wholly 
pure yellow abdomen, differing slightly from caleata. ‘The 
three species form a very compact group, whether of generic 
or subgeneric rank. 

In regard to the habits of the adults and the function of the 
tarsal ornaments, little has been observed. In ovnatipes, only 
three specimens are known, one of which was collected on a 
window—obviously an accidental occurrence. Of zusignzs, the 
type male was collected hovering in the air in half-shady open 
woods, about four feet above the ground; the females were 
all collected in rather open woods, hovering in the air, most of 
them over a wet spot in a shady road, which no doubt attracted 
them, as the weather at the time was intensely dry. It was 
about four in the afternoon, and no males were flying at the 
time. Snow noted a few interesting points about the habits 
of calceata. ‘The flies were ‘‘ dodging and soaring in the air 


* Secondary sexual characters are very constant in Diptera, whatever may be the case 
in other animals. I remember hearing Dr. John B. Smith say that he found the same 
constancy in Lepidoptera. I have long believed that Darwin over-estimated the varia- 
bility of these characters in general. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 125 


assemblages of, say, a dozen individuals. None were 
ght outside an area of about an acre.’’ ‘‘In flight these 
allow their hind feet to hang heavily downward, and 
as if they were carrying a burden.’’ His single female 
ne of a pair that were copulating on the wing. 

se enlarged feet naturally suggest those of Dolichopus, a 
of flies somewhat distant from this, in which the males 
» their tarsal ornaments assiduously before the females. 
the front tarsi are ornamented, the insect stands on the 
to display them, but a case is known in which the 
tarsi are the beautiful ones, and the male of this species 
over the sitting female so that the tarsi hang before 
Ca/otarsa it is not unlikely that both sexes are on the 


ting and remarkable. 
joints ee and on the inner 


mie fading in an oval disk ; its basal part is some- 
kened, and has a few of the blunt hairs before men- 


nd joint has a similar organ arising in a correspond- 
mn; in this case the process is smaller, and at the 
cc mpressed and transparent. 
third joint has attached to its upper surface, from the 
tly to the apex, a very thin membrane-like expansion, 
sof a bright silvery color, and bears a peculiar jet- 
> ke It has somewhat the appearance of a flag, and 


126 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ April, ’06 


suggested the specific name (zzsignis, distinguished by a 
mark), 

The fourth has a large, comparatively thick expasion up- 
ward and outward, which is black in color, and is set off from 
the body of the joint by a white or somewhat silvery crescent. 

The fifth joint is not at all compressed, and has in facta 
perfectly normal structure, rather depressed. 

The figure shows the ‘‘ flag ’’ lapped over a little on the en- 


larged fourth joint. 


Calotarsa insignis n. sp. 

Male.—Length, 6.5mm. Head and thorax black, cinereous; probos- 
cis, legs and abdomen yellow. Eyes contiguous for a considerable dis- 
tance on the front, ocellar tubercle prominent, with a few small brown 
hairs; face black, cinereous, concave and receding below; antennae 
yellow, short, the third joint, except its base, infuscated, the three joints 
of successively increasing length; arista apical bare, slender ; proboscis 
retracted, short, yellow, palpi very small, yellow ; occiput black, rather 
flat, almost bare. Thorax black, cinereous, especially on the sides ; four 
faint brown lines on the dorsum, the two inner ones close together, ab- 
breviated behind, the two outer ones abbreviated In front; on the side 
of the dorsum, before the transverse suture, are three small bristles ; be- 
fore the scutellum, at each side, are three or four very small ones; on 
the margin of the scutellum are five pairs of larger ones, with a consider- 
able median interval; the scutellum yellowish, except on the disk ; 
humeri a little yellowish ; halteres yellow, the large, crumpled knob a 
little infuscated ; squamae yellow, with delicate yellow cilia ; metanotum 
black. Abdomen yellow, all the incisures, except the first, narrowly. 
blackish (the first slightly blackish at the sides) ; hypopygium exserted, 
rounded, rolled up under the fifth segment; on the hypopygium and 
along the sides of the abdomen are fine, erect hairs, longer, more bushy, 
and yellow anteriorly ; behind they are brown. Fore and middle legs, 
including coxae and tarsi yellow, the femora moderately infuscated 
above, and with a stripe of black hairs on the front; the tibiae gradually 
and moderately infuscated from near the base; hind tarsi as figured and 
above described. Wings subhyaline, slightly infuscated toward the 
apex ; the space between auxiliary and first longitudinal cells yellow ; 
third vein ending exactly in the apex; fourth vein forked, the posterior 
branch ending half way between point of furcation and the margin ; hind 
cross-vein hardly more than half its length from the margin. 

Female.—Length, 4.8 mm. Front rather wide, narrowing slightly 
below, opaque dark brown in color, near the antennae cinereous, with a 
median depression ; proboscis and palpi larger, antennae smaller than 
the male. The brown lines of the thorax are more distinct. The pos- 


ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 127 


art of the thorax, with only two bristles on each side ; scutellum 
1 three pairs of bristles. Abdomen yellow, scarcely infuscated at all. 

Be lly yellow, except the tarsi, which are somewhat infuscated 
e end; they are compressed and enlarged as shown in figure. 
n as figured ; the posterior branch of the fourth vein comes nearer 
rin than in the male, but does not reach it. 


rial examined: The type isa male, captured October 
5, in the foothills about six miles west of Stanford 
sity. There is another male (cotype) in the collection 
he entomological department of Stanford University, col- 
ed in the vicinity October 7, 1900. Nine females, all 
‘ted by myself in the same vicinity as the first-mentioned 
n October 21 and 28, 1905. ‘Two of these cotype 
; will be deposited in the collection of the entomological 
nent of Stanford University. The type and the other 
will remain for the present in my own collection. 


EXPLANATION OF PLATE IV. 


7 

tarsus of Ca/ofarsa calceata, male, enlarged (after Snow). 
i tarsus of C. ornatip~es, male, enlarged (after Snow). 
tarsus of C. insignis n. sp., male, outer side x 20. 

d of C. insignis, male, front view, x 20. 

| tarsus of C. insignis, female, outer side, x 25. 

mna of C. insignis, male, inner side, x 4o. 

of C. insignis, female, x 15. 


42> 
=<—or 


n new or little known Aleyrodidae from 
| Connecticut.—II.* 


By W. E. BrirrTon. 

‘odes forbesii Ashmead. 

eris Forbes. Name preoccupied). 

aceris Forbes. 14th Report Insects of Illinois, p. 110, 1884. 
aceris Forbes. Packard, 5th Report, U. S. Entomological 
Commission, p. 422, 1890. . 

Sorbesii Ashmead, Bull. 45, U. S. National Museum, p. 274, 
 \ ae 

4. forbesti Ashm. Quaintance, Technical Bull. 8, Bureau of En- 
- tomology, p. 27, 1900. 

_A. forbesiti Ashm. Morrill, Psyche, Vol. X, p. 82, 1903. 

forbesii Ashm. Bemis, Proc. U. S. National Museum, Vol. 
_XXVII, p. 503, 1904. 


first paper on this subject, see ENT. News, Vol. XVI, p. 65, March, 1905. 


128 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ April, ’06 


This is a large species, the pupa measuring about 1.5 x I 
mm., and from oval to oblong in shape. It is considerably 
raised above the surface of the leaf, and the pupa case soon 
falls away, leaving only a portion of the marginal rim of wax. 
Varying from light yellowish green with purplish markings, 
to purple or chocolate with green or whitish spots or blotches 
near the margin. Dorsum flat, without spines or wax rods. 
I have never seen the adult of this species, but it is described 
as white or yellowish, with immaculate wings. Larvae and 
pupae are not abundant, and usually one or two are found 
upon a leaf. | 

Collected by the writer September 20, 1904, September 8, 
1905, at Westville, Ct.; September 15, 1905, New Canaan, 
Ct.; on.red and silver maple. At New Canaan it seemed to 
be most abundant on a cut-leaved variety of the silver 
maple. 

Aleyrodes packardi Morrill. 
A. packardi Morrill, Canadian Entomologist, Vol. XXXV, p. 25, 
1903; Psyche, Vol. X, p. 83, 1903; Technical Bull., No. r, 
Mass. Agr. Expt. Station, August, 1903. 

For several years this species has been confused with 4. 
vaporariorum Westwood, and in literature, many references 
to the latter doubtless refer to 4. packardi. For a more com- 
plete bibliography the reader is referred to Canadian Ento- 
mologist, Vol. XXXV, p. 35, and Technical Bull. No. 1, 
Mass. Agr. Expt. Station, p. 61. 

Pupa about .80x.48 mm., broadly oval. ‘Dorsal surface 
nearly flat. Two series of marginal wax rods; the outer ra- 
diating, somewhat curved, the length about equal to one-half 
the breadth of the pupa; the inner series are nearly twice as 
long, and are curved upward and inward over the body. 

Rather abundant on the leaves of cultivated strawberries at 
West Hartford, June 30, 1905. 


Aleyrodes mori Quaintance. 
A. mori Quaintance, Canadian Entomologist, Vol. XXXI, p. 1. 
A, mori Quaintance, Technical Bull. 8, Division of Entomology, p. 
29, 1900. . 
A. mori Quaintance, Bemis, Proc. U. S. National Museum, Vol. 
XXVII, p. 507, 1904. 


April, ’06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 129 


tpa about .7o x .55 mm., elliptical, body black with broad 
al fringe of white wax. A striking species. Adult 

h clouded wings. 

Bin teases of box elder, New Haven, July 22; Fraxinus 
un vicana, Carpinus caroliniana and Celtis occidentalis, New 
en, September 20, 1904; Celtis occidentalis and catalpa, 
w Haven, September 8, 1905. 

Apo never seen this as abundant as figured by Quaint- 
(Can. Ent. Vol. XXXI, pl. 1), but usually not more 
than three or four specimens occur on a leaf. 

“Morrill described a subspecies maculata Psyche Vol. X, p. 
81, 1903), which differed from mori in the adult stage by 
having a bright yellow body. I have not reared or obtained 
dults, but Professor Quaintance has examined some of the 
upa cases, and pronounces the species mor‘. ) 


f heya 


odes fernaldi Morrill. 
A, fernaldi Morrill. Psyche, Vol. X, p. 83, 1903. 
A medium-sized oval species, pupa case about .78 x .50mm., 
ith no wax rods. Dorsal surface flat, color pale greenish 
yhite. Adult, body pale yellow, wings immaculate. 
Occurring on the under surface of leaves of spiraeas Van 
‘outei and Anthony Waterer in a nursery near New Haven, 
ep’ menor 8, 1905. 


yrodes vaporariorum Westwood. . 

g cE -vaporariorum Westwood, Gardeners’ Chronicle, p. 852, 1856. 

A. vaporariorum Westw. Signoret, Ann. de le Soc. Ent. de 

2 France, p. 387, 1867. 

_ A. vaporariorum Westw. Britton, Bull. 140, Conn. Agr. Expt. 

i Station, 1902. Report Conn. Agr. Expt. Station, p. 148, 1902. 
A. vaporariorum Westw. Cary, Bull. 96, Maine Agr. Expt. Sta- 

tion, 1903. 

A. vaporariorum Morrill, Technical Bull. No. 1, Mass. Agr. Expt. 

Station, 1903. Circular No. 57, Bureau of Entomology, U. S. 

Dept. Agr., 1905. 


Re * more complete bibliography, see Report of Conn. Agr. 
. Station, p. 159, 1902, and Technical Bull. No. 1, Mass. 
\ sr. Expt. Station, p. 52, 1903. 

his species is probably the most common of all described 


130 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April, ’06 


aleyrodids occurrring in Connecticut. In greenhouses and 
dwellings it lives through the winter on various kinds of 
plants. Remedial measures are absolutely necessary to save 
the infested plants, and of these fumigation with hydrocyanic 
acid gas is perhaps the most successful. House plants can be 
dipped into a soap and water mixture (1 lb. to 8 gals.) with 
good results. 

Larvae and pupae are oval, light green or yellow in color, 
and abound on the under sides of the leaves. Pupa about 
.70X.50 mm., with submarginal row of wax rods. Six pairs 
of long curved wax rods are borne on the dorsum, which is 
somewhat convex. 

Body of adult is yellow, wings white and immaculate. 

A. vaporariorum has been collected and observed upon over 
sixty different food plants in Connecticut, but it is especially 
abundant on tomato, melon, cucumber, tobacco, Ageratum, 
Lantana, Fuchsia and heliotrope. 


42> 
or 


Formaldehyde as an Insecticide. 
By M. V. SLINGERLAND. 


Cornell University recently purchased quite a large quantity 
of ‘‘ Solidified Formaldehyde,’’ subject to a written contract 
that ‘‘this material is guaranteed to kill bedbugs, moths and 
roaches, used with 4 ounces to 1,000 cubic feet and exposure 
to fumes of gas 8 hours, closed room.’’ ‘This was a good op- 
portunity to test the insecticidal value of formaldehyde, and I 
made the following experiment : 

Five live bedbugs were placed (one in each) in small paste- 
board pill boxes, which were covered with one thickness of a 
muslin with meshes about one millimeter square. Ten live 
cockroaches were placed in each of three glass, pint, fruit- 
jars, covered with one thickness of a thin muslin with meshes 
nearly one-half millimeter square. These insects were placed 
in different parts of a room, some on the floor, others near the 
ceiling, and some about midway of the room, on top of some 
furniture, The room contained 1,760 cubic feet, but was 


rll, ’06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 131 


rly one-third full of furniture, so that there was not over 
600 cubic feet of air-space to be fumigated. The room was 
de as tight as practicable and eight ounces of the Solidified 
‘maldehyde were used, strictly according to directions, in a 
nerator specially designed for using it. The fumigation was 
run at nine o’clock A. M., January 30th, 1906, and the room 
va s not opened until the next morning, thus continuing the 
umigation for twenty-four hours. As the formaldehyde costs 
_ about 35 cents an ounce, it was an expensive operation for a 
single, medium-sized room. 
Upon opening the room, the formaldehyde fumes were suffi- 
ntly strong to make one’s eyes and nostrils smart, and it 
as several minutes before J could go into the room comfort- 
oly to get the insects. 
Although more than the designated amount of Solidified 
iormaldehyde was used and the fumigation was continued 
ynger than specified, yet it resulted in not killing a single 
edbug or cockroach. 
_ Dr. L. O. Howard writes me that ‘‘ The Public Health and 
arine-Hospital Service report formaldehyde as not possess- 
ng insecticidal properties against mosquitoes.’’ Also, that 
= Mr. Titus, one of his assistants, knows of an instance where 
large number of Lepidopterous pupae in soil were in a small 
90m where formaldehyde gas was generated (strength of the 
as unknown), and from none of these pupae were adults 
terwards bred, while from other pupae from the same ma- 
srial, not in this room, the moths came out in usual numbers. 
he inference is reasonably plain that the gas killed the 
pae, but the evidence is not conclusive, as it was not an ex- 
‘iment but simply an accident. 
n1gor, C. L,. Marlatt, of the Bureau of Entomology, re- 
ted (Bull. 30, New Series, p. 39) some experiments to test 
insecticidal value of formaldehyde gas. Some earlier 
us had resulted in indicating little value in the gas for kill- 
insects. Then a test was made against the Angoumois 
‘grain moth and the bean weevil in stored seeds. The gas was 
_ generated to 3 or 4 times the amount necessary for germicide 
purposes. Only a few of the moths (some that were flying 


132 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ April, ’06 


about) were killed, but the weevils were not injured in the 
least. 

In 1897 (Rept. Ottawa Expt. Farms for 1897, p. 106). 
Duchess apple trees were sprayed in Canada with formalin at 
the strengths of 1, 2, and 4 ounces to 5 gallons water. No 
injury or benefit resulted to the foliage or fruit, except a slight 
indication of some deterrent influence against the codling- 
moth ; plant-lice were not killed. 

In rg00, C. P. Lounsbury, Government Entomologist of 
Cape of Good Hope, South Africa, reported (his Report for 
1899, p. 17) the following important experiment in fumi- 
gating railway carriages for bedbugs. ‘The experiment was 
made under supervision of a professional chemist. ‘* The 
bedbugs were not destroyed even when left exposed for two 
full days in a carriage, treated with all the gas contained in 
800 c.c. (about 12 ounces of formaldehyde, or not quite as 
strong as I used it) of the water solution of formalin. The 
gas was forced into the carriage under heavy pressure, and 
the bedbugs were enclosed in a piece of mosquito netting sus- 
pended near the middle of the space. The carriage was of 
about 2,500 cubic feet capacity, and all its cracks, crevices 
and air-holes were tightly stopped with cotton wool. House- 
flies and aphids shut in the carriage were found dead, but 
larvae and adult scale insects of several species, and plant- 
bugs of three species were found to have survived. Formal- 
dehyde gas of far greater but indefinite strength, generated 
from formalin tablets, was also inefficacious in destroying im- 
prisoned bedbugs.”’ 

Finally, there has just come to hand the report of another 
experiment by Prof. Dr. K. Lampert with formaldehyde 
against insects in Germany (Zeitschrift fur Wissenschaftliche 
Insektenbiologie, Vol. XI, January 31, 1906, p. 12). In a 
room containing about 70 cubic meters (2,400 cu. ft.) 1,100 
c.c. of 40 per cent. formalin (= about 17 ounces of formalde- 
hyde, or stronger than I used it in my experiment) was gen- 


erated for 4 hours. .A number of cockroaches (2. orientalis — 


and- germanica), 2 spiders, several larvae of the larder beetle 
(D. lardarius), some sow-bugs, 3 larvae of saw-flies, meal- 


3 
f 


April, 06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 133 
worms , and earthworms were placed in the room in glasses 
¥ Biovered with open netting ; one earthworm was buried in soil. 
All of the Arthropods survived without any injury the effects 
of the fumes in which a man would probably die in a short 
time, and in which dogs and birds perish. Two earthworms 
exposed to the fumes without soil had dried out and were © 
dead, while the one in the soil remained fresh and lively. 
_ ‘This astonishing resistance to the fumes,’’ savs Lampert, 
‘could possibly be explained by the tracheal respiration as 
the animals close the breathing-holes and the air collected in 
a the tracheze would be sufficient for the little breathing neces- 
= sary. That the chitinous armor is of little importance in 
resisting the fumes, is proven by the ability to resist of the 
thin-skinned saw-fly larvae.” 

I have found in a hasty review of the literature no other 
 recerds of experiments with formaldehyde as an insecticide. 
_ The evidence submitted seems to be overwhelming that for- 
_ maldehyde has little or no insecticidal qualities, when used in 
; _ practicable quantities, and especially against household insects. 


40> 
=<—<¢ 


_ Dragonflies (Odonata) Collected by Dr. D. A. Atkin- 
son in Newfoundland, with Notes on some 
Species of Somatochlora. 
By E. B. WILLIAMSON. 
(Plates V and VI.) 

: The only list of Newfoundland dragonflies known to me is 
g the paper in Ent. Month. Mag. XI, pp. 241-243, April, 1875, 
‘ by De Selys, based on collections made by John Milne. De 
Selys records the following species: Leucorhinia hudsonica, 
‘Selys1 ¢, Cordulia shurtleffi Scudder, 1 9°, Epitheca cingulata 
Selys, 2 3 and3 9, Zfitheca forcipata Scudder, 1 9, Aeschna 
hudsonica n. sp.1 & and 4 9? (also from Canada), Aeschna 
clepsydra Say (?) 2 9, Gomphus (?) sp. 1 8, and Aenallagma 
borealen. sp.1 $ andi Q. 

In Ent. News, May, 1902, pp. 144-146, I recorded the species 
aken by Dr. Atkinson at the Magdalen Islands. ‘This list 
! was remarkable for its cosmopolitan character. Only 6 species 


134 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ April, ’06 


were taken in the almost barren Magdalens, and 3 of these 
are not represented in the Newfoundland collection: Agvion 
vesolutum, Enallagma hageni and Aeshna juncea, all widely 
distributed species which more extensive collecting would 
probably show as belonging to the Newfoundland fauna. In 
fact, Aeshna hudsonica Selys mentioned above is probably only 
a variety at the most, of jwzcea. Dr. Atkinson collected in 
Newfoundland only two days, July 7 and July 21, 1901, and at 
two localities, Bay of Islands, and Grand Lake, yet his collection 
contains 14 or possibly 15 species, and, in its richness of 
Aeshnas and Somatochloras, it is, for its size, the most inter- 
esting I have ever studied. The study of these Somatoch- 
loras from time to time has delayed the recording of Dr. At- 
kinson’s captures till this late date. 

Enallagma ebrium. Hagen. Eight males from Grand Lake, 
July 21, rgor. ; 

Enallagma calverti, Morse. Five males from Bay of Islands, 
July 7, 1901. No Enallagmas in the collection agree with the 
color pattern of Lxallagma boreale Selys, based on a single 
specimen of each sex taken in Newfoundland. But the 
description of the abdominal appendages of the male of Joreale 
applies almost certainly to the species later described by Morse 
as calverti. In so far as it will probably be possible for some 
of our European friends to determine this matter certainly by 
a study of the type of doreale, I have here recorded the species, 
in conformity with recent usage, as calverti. 

Enallagma cyathigerum, Charp. Six males from Bay of 
Islands, July 7, 1901. Four female Enallagmas in the collec- 
tion I have not attempted to determine specifically. 


Aeshna clepsydra Say. Bay of Islands, July 7, 1901. 3) 


and 1 ?; Grand Lake, July 21, 1901, 1 ¢ and29@. To this 
species for the present are also referred 1 6, Grand Lake, 
July 21, 1901, and 1 9, Bay of Islands, July 7, 1901. These 
two specimens were referred to Dr. Calvert, who wrote, under 
date of January 27, 1904, ‘‘ The & Aeshna from Grand Lake, 
Newfoundland, is like a $ from Chicoutimi, Quebec, in the 
broken stripes on sides of thorax,* in denticulated carina of 


** Two other ¢¢ from Chicoutimi have the stripes of thorax apparently not broken.’ 


- April 06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 135 
superior appendages, and in size add color of pterostigma, but 
differs in shape of tip of superior appendages, viewed from 
above, the Chicoutimi 3 having the tip shaped like fig. 7, 
a Ent. News, 1894, p. 11. The original (from Lake St. Regis, 
ia N. Y.), of my fig. 5 (1. c.), also has the broken stripes on the 
_ sides of the thorax, but has the pterostigma of front wing 
measuring only 3 mm. on its costal edge; length of front 
wing, 45 mm. A female from Lake St. Regis has stripes on 
| sides of thorax very nearly identical with those of this ? from 
Bay of Islands, Newfoundland. It is rather small—abdomen 
(exclusive of appendages) 45 mm., hind wing, 43 mm.; 
_ pterostigma smaller, the costal edge of pterostigma of front 
wing, 3.75 mm. You will see, therefore, that your Grand 
Lake ¢ is very nearly identical with the Lake St. Regis 3, 
which, in 1893, I called clepsydra. Whether the breaking up 
of the stripes on sides of thorax entitles the holder to a dis- 
q tinct specific or varietal name I will not now decide.”’ : 
_ ‘The appendages of this Newfoundland ¢ are in bad condi- 
tion. The color pattern of thorax of both ¢ and 9 are very 
different from any other specimens of the large series of clep- 
_ sydra I have seen from Newfoundland, Ohio, Michigan and 
_ Indiana. In these two the thoracic pattern is more suggestive 
of juncea though, of course, the lateral stripes are not broken 
in juncea. Aeshna hudsonica, as Dr. Calvert writes me, seems 
to be hardly distinct from jwzcea, even as a variety. 

Aeshna sitchensis Hagen. Bay of Islands, July 7, 1901, 1 ¢ 
and 19. Determination confirmed by Dr. Calvert. 

Aeshna septentrionalis Burm. Grand Lake, July 21, 1901, 
1 @. Determination confirmed by Dr. Calvert. 
_ Cordulia shurtlefi Scudder. Bay of Islands, July 7, rgor, 
Bee ¢ and 1 9. 
a Somatochlora cingulata Selys. Bay of Islands, July 7, 1901, 
it ¢é; Grand Lake, July 21, 1901, 1 9. ; 
+ Somatochlora albicincta Burt. Bay of Islands, July 7, 1gor1, 
me 6 Landi 9. 
4 Somatochlora hudsonica Selys. Grand Lake, July 21, 1901, 
it $; Bay of Islands, July 7, 1901, 2 9. 
_ Somatochlora forcipata Scudder. Grand Lake, July 21, 
m i901, 1s. 


136 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April, ’06 


Leucorhinia hudsonica Selys. Bay of Islands, July 7, 1901, 
4 6 and4 9. 

Sympetrum costiferum Hagen. A single 9, badly damaged, 
from Bay of Islands, July 7, 1901, apparently belongs to this 
species. : 

Libellula quadrimaculata I, Bay of Islands, July 7, 1901, 
t.2. 

Notes on some species of Somatochlora. Somatochlora semicir- 
cularis, septentrionalis, artica and forcipata are a group of 
closely related species with long slender abdomens and rela- 
tively short wings. The difficulty in determining Dr. Atkin- 
son’s single ¢ of this group led to a study of these four species. 
Of forcipata I have seen but two specimens, the headless speci- 
men, collected by Dr. Atkinson, and a male in the Harvey col- 
lection, S. Lagrange, June 28, 1898, F. L. Harvey, collector. 
The abdominal appendages of the Maine specimen seen in 
profile, are much more strongly arched than in the Newfound- 
land specimen. I have obtained from Mr. R. C. Osburn the 
specimen mentioned by him as forcipata, in ENT. NEws, June, 
1905, p. 191,* from Port Renfew, British Columbia. I refer 
this specimen to semzcircularis. I am able to separate semzcir- 


cularis and forcipata only by the abdominal appendages of the — 


male. The Newfoundland /orcifata is more slender than the 
Maine semicircularis (a difference pointed out by De Selys for 
the two species), but the Maine forcipata is about as robust as the 
two specimens of semicircularis which I have seen from that State 
—the one figured and a second from Orono, Maine, July 16, 
1891, F. lL. Harvey, collector, referred to in ENT. NEws, 
May, 1892, p. 116, as forcipata. On the basis of this Orono 
specimen, semicircularis can be added to the New England 
fauna. Scudder’s description of forcipata fits the two speci- 
mens which I have referred to this species in the form of the 
appendages and in the presence on abdominal segment 5 and 
the two or three following segments of a distinct basal, lateral 
small yellow spot. These spots are wanting in the single male 
of septentrionalis I have seen and in semicircularis from Maine 


*In the same paper by Mr. Osburn, p. 192, he identifies two imperfect fe) of Sympetrum 
as obtrusum. After a study of both specimens I believe they belong rather to padiipes. 


Ke 


AIT ee) Soave I Oe) OS ee 


tet fet thee Bt ae ee ay 
fe pie eee eR gy eee eee 


Ee: 


April, 06] : ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 137. 


Zz nd Colorado. But semzcircularis from British Columbia have 
_ the abdomen either uniformly colored or spotted. Of semdcir- 
_ cularis I have studied: Maine, 2 $; mountains of Southwest- 
_ ern Colorado, 11 $ and 4 9 loaned me by Dr. Calvert ; Lang- 
ford Lake, British Columbia, 2 ¢, R. C. Osburn, collector ; 
Glacier, British Columbia, 4 ¢, R. C. Osburn, collector ; 
Port Renfrew, British Columbia, 1 3, R. C. Osburn, collector. 
Characters of 13 males of this material were tabulated. The 
abdomen varies from 34:39 mm. in length, averaging between 
38 and 39 for all the material excepting the Colorado speci- 
mens, which are 34. /orcipata measures 37 and 38. In length 
of hind wing all specimens of semzcircularis are very uniform, 
varying from 29-32, the majority being 31, which is the exact 
measurement for this part in both /forcipata. ‘The color of 
the costa will not separate the two species. Postcubitals in 
the front wings vary from 5 (in a single wing) to 8 (in 2 
wings). The usual number is 6 or 7 in both species. The 
____ yellow spots on frons in front are variable in size, regardless 
of locality. The lateral thoracic stripes are variable in extent 
.(at least in dried material), and will not serve to separate 
species or localities. Forcifata (both specimens) and semicir- 
cularis from Maine have the anterior femora brown beneath ; 
all the other specimens of semzcircularis, so far as I could de- 
termine, have the anterior femora black beneath. One semz- 
circularis from Maine has the upper lip with two clear brown 
spots. All other specimens of both species have this lip black. 
Nasus in /forcipata (one specimen) and semzcircularis from 
_ Maine is dull brown ; in all western specimens of semdcircula- 
_ vis and in septentrionalis, the nasus is metallic, like the frons, 
| and the semicircularis from Colorado have the labrum almost 
_ or quite metallic. So, as stated, I can find no characters 
4 other than those of the appendages for separating /forctipata 
. and semicircularis. These characters, both of superior and 
_ inferior appendages, seem good so far as specimens before me 
_ go, but it is possible that more extensive material might ren- 
_ der these inadequate for the separation of the two species as at 
_ present understood. 
_ Septentrionalis, apart from its basal wing markings, is sepa- 


138 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ April, 06 


rated from the others by its appendages and the relatively 
short hind wings (abdomen 36 mm.; h. w. 26 mm.). 
Somatochlora hudsonica, alpestris, albicincta and probably cin- 
gulata* form a group of closely related species with relatively 
robust abdomens and long wings. //udsonica finds its closest 
ally in the European a/festris from which it is separated, 
among other characters, by the great development of the basal 
spine of the superior appendages. In a/festris the basal spine 
and the spine following it are about equal in size, and the 
profile view gives an accurate idea of the full size of these 
spines. In its wing markings Audsonica is like septentrionalis. 
Albicincta is very distinct from the two preceding species ; 
and cingulata is at once distinguished from them all by its larger 
size and the broadly forked inferior appendages. The 9 of 
hudsonica from which the figure of the vulvar lamina was 
drawn has the abdomen very flattened and the vulvar lamina 
much pinched together, so the figure is probably somewhat 
deceptive. The second 9? collected by Dr. Atkinson has the 
last abdominal segments wanting. The vulvar laminae repre- 


sented in figs. 20 and 21 are normal in shape, the abdoney 


not being distorted. 


EXPLANATION OF PLATES V AND VI. 


All specimens figured are in,collection of E. B. Williamson. 

Fig. 1. Appendages in profile of Somatochlora septentrionalis 3, 
Orono, Maine, June 18, 1898, Bartle Harvey, collector. This 
specimen has the left superior appendage wanting and es 
wings are in bad condition. 

Figs. 2, 3, 4, and 5; Somatochlora semicircularis. Figs. 2, 3, abdominal 
appendages and 4, genital lobe of <j‘, Manchester, Maine, July 
7, 1898, Miss M. Wadsworth, coll. Fig. 5, superior append- 
ages of 6’, Langford Lake, British Columbia, July zo, 1go2, 
R. C. Osburn, coll. 

Figs. 6, 7, and 8. Somatochlora arctica. Figs. 6 and 7 abdominal ap- 
pendages and fig. 8, genital lobe of <j, Leuzerheide, July, 1904, 
K. J. Morton, collector. 

Figs. 9, 10, and 11. Somatochlora forcipata. Figs. 9 and 11, abdominal 
appendages, and fig. 10, genital lobe of <\, Grand Lake, New- 
foundland, July 21, t901, D. A. Atkinson, collector. 

Figs. 12 and 13, Somutochlora set: aydominal appendages of <j, 
Leuzerheide, July, 1904. K. J. Morton, collector. 


* Frankilini is known to me only from the description of the 9. 


bs Be. ae r 
— 


Fi. Y; 


Ent. NEws, Vol. XVII. 


NEWFOUNDLAND ODONATA, wiLLIAMSoN. 


5 


ATE 


Git 


Vf 
he 


NEWFOUNDLAND ODONATA, wittiamson. 


ril, ’06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 139 


rs. 14, 15, 16, and 17. Somatochlora hudsonica. Figs. 14, 15 and 16, 
abdominal appendages of <j, Grand Lake, Newfoundland, July 
21, tg01, D. A. Atkinson, collector. Fig. 17, vulvar Jamina of 
?, Bay of Islands, Newfoundland, July 7, t901, D. A. Atkinson, 
collector. This female has the abdomen laterally crushed. 

s. 18, 19, and 20 Somatochilora albicincta. Figs. 18 and 19, abdominal 
appendages of <', Kukak Bay, Alaska, June, 1899, T. Kincaid, 
collector. Fig. 20, vulvar lamina of 9, Kadiak, Alaska, July 4, 
1899, M. Cole, collector. 

.2t. Vulvar lamina of Somatochlora semicircularis 2, mountains 
of Southwestern Colorado, 11 :000-12,000 feet. 


An Emergency Case in Insect Architecture. 
By $. ARTHUR JOHNSON. 


Test fall I discovered a Vespa nest attached to the north end 
s Of the entomology building. Attracted by its curious form, I 
q secured it and was surprised to find that it represented an in- 
q sect tragedy. From the location of the nest and its form, it 
is evidently one made by Vesfa diabolica, though no insects 
were found in it to confirm this statement. 
‘The nest had been be- 
gun in the usual way and 
reached the stage where 
two layers of paper 
formed a sphere about a 
comb containing a num- 
ber of cells. At this 
time, the cord of suspen- f& 
sion gave way, dropping 
the comb to the bottom 
of the nest, where, being 
unable to pass through 
the aperture on account 
of its size, it hung sus- 
_ pended in an inclined 
position. The wasp then 
built on the lower half of the Stigtial sphere, a very much 
W cionicted structure, composed of about three very irregular 
layers. ‘The exterior was unusually rough, and so insecurely 
attached that it broke away with very little handling of the nest. 
_ Apparently this attempt to repair damages was not success- 
ul, for the work never advanced beyond this crude stage. 
: _ One of the larvae, at least, reached the pupa stage, for its ca- 
coon was found in the comb. 
_ The incident is interesting as illustrating what an insect will 
& > when brought face to face with a new condition. 


Ss 


ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 


[The Conductors of ENTOMOLOGICAL News solicit and will thankfully receive items 
of news likely to interest its readers from any source. The author’s name will be given 
in each case, for the information of cataloguers and bibliographers.] 


To Contributors.—All contributions will be considered and passed upon at out 
earliest convenience, and, as far as may be, will be published according to date of recep- 


tion. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEws has reached a circulation, both in numbers and circumfer- 
ence, as to make it necessary to put ‘‘copy”’ into the hands of the printer, for each num- 


ber, three weeks before date of issue. This should be remembered in sending special or 
important matter for a certain issue. Twenty-five ‘“‘ extras,” without change in form, 
will be given free, when they are wanted ; and this should be so’stated on the MS., along 
with the number desired. The receipt of all papers will be acknowledged.—Ep. — 


PHILADELPHIA, Pa., APRIL, 1906. 


s 


The recognition of the value of economic Entomology 
among the people is shown by the fact that two important 
bills for the suppression of insects are not unlikely to become 
laws. One is a bill to appropriate seventy thousand dollars a 
year for five years to suppress mosquitoes in New Jersey”, and 
the other is a bill presented in the National House of Repre- 


sentatives to appropriate two hundred and fifty thousand dol- 
lars to check the ravages of the Gypsy Moth. ‘There can be 


no question of the value of properly directed scientific work 
against these pests, and we believe a large return could be had 
from the expenditure of the money, providing no human para- 
sites work their way in. The very moment money enters into 
scientific work there will be some one with an eye on the main 
chance. Entomologists should religiously frown down all 
such attempts and endeavor to put the study on the highest 
plane and thus demonstrate its value to all. 


—_——>~<4 0 ——_— 


A CorrECTION.—The larval stages described by Mr. J. G. Grundel 
in March, ’05 News as Lemonias vigulti are those of L. mormo, a closely 
allied species. Probably the preparatory stages of vigw/ti are similar, 
and what will apply to one will apply superficially to the other.—C. R. 
CooLipnGE, Palo Alto, Cal. 


* This bill has become a law. 


140 


April, ’06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 141 


Doings of Societies. 


Minutes of meetings of Brooklyn Entomological Society, 
"held at the residence of Mr. George Franck, 1040 DeKalb 
- Avenue, Brooklyn, N. Y. 

z November 5, 1905. — Thirteen persons present, the President 
in the chair. 
- Mr. George P. Engelhardt was elected librarian, wzce Mr. 
Ernest Shoemaker resigned. 
_ Mr. Franck exhibited a specimen of Avgynnis tdalia, from 
Newark, N. J., showing an extreme case of suffusion. The 
upper side of the primaries was heavily clouded, while that of 
the secondaries was almost entirely wanting in maculation. 
The under side of the wings was similarly affected, the sec- 
ondaries having only a single row of silver near the inner 
margin and afew near the base. Mr. Franck also exhibited 
- a & Ayperchiria io, the wings of which largely partook of the 
coloration of those of the 9. 

Mr. Schaeffer presented a number of specimens of coleop- 
S. tera comprising species not only new to our fauna but to 
science, which he had taken during the recent summer in the 
- Huachuca Mountains, Arizona. Among those shown were 
_ Amblychila baront, Cicindela obsoleta var. santaclarae, Pasima- 
__—chus viridans, Clerus, n. sp., Romaleum, n. sp., Oncideres, 
n. Sp., Cassida mexicana, Estola, n. sp., Agrilus, n. sp., anda 
a number of species of Scarabgidae. C. santaclarae occurred in 
company with swarms of grasshoppers, which, being similar 
___ in color (green), rendered distinction difficult. 

4 Mr. Schaeffer gave some further details relative to his 
method of preservation of specimens and mode of living. A 
tent was made for shelter which at times barely sufficed to 
protect the collections and apparatus from rain. 

a December 7, r905.—Seventeen persons present, the President 
in the chair. 

a Mr. Franck announced that a sufficient number of subscrip- 
_ tions had been obtained to ensure the publication of the 
oi _ Glossary of Entomological Terms prepared by Prof. John B. 
Smith. 

Mr. George P. Engelhardt gave a description of his manipu- 


142 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April, ’06 


lation of and experiences with a hive of bees located in the 
Children’s Museum of the Brooklyn Institute of Arts and 
Sciences. The hive was placed at a window facing east and 
connected with the outer air by a covered passage and was 
specially constructed for observation, having inner sides of 
glass through which the operations of the inmates were visible. 
Exterior doors of wood screened the interior glass sides from 
light when not subject to inspection. Although in the midst 
of acity the bees had no difficulty in collecting materials for 
honey, comb, etc., apparently obtaining sufficient for their 
purposes from the vegetation in streets and yards and the 
nearby park. ARCHIBALD C, WEEKS, Secretary. 


<i> 
—=or- 


Dr. DyAr’s Editorial in the March, 1906, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc. is a 
work of art. He says I attempt a misrepresentation of his Review of the 
Hesperide. I did nothing of the kind; I only stated facts which any 
entomologist can verify from the literature. Dr. Dyar says ‘‘We pre- 
sume he is right in both cases.”” Why does he say ‘‘ presume” and then 
proceed to ¢vy and correct his errors? He does not come out and say 
his genus Anatrytone is a synonym, but says Azryfone may be given an- 
other name. I quote again, ‘‘the mistakes can be easily corrected by 
transferring manataaqua to Thymelicus and proposing a new name for 
Atrytone.”’ Wad Dr. Dyar really known anything about the genera he 
would never have suggested anything of the kind, as manataagua is the 
type of Scudder’s genus Limochroes. Dr. Dyar uses this genus and 
places nine species under it, including the type manataagua. Aégrescit 
medendo.—HENRY SKINNER. 


Lady Bug gave a party, 
It was a grand affair ; 
The finest Beetle dandies 
And the nattiest Gnats were there. 


The Glow Worm glowed his brightest 
And the Hornet played his horn, 
The Butterfly brought butter 
And the Miller Moth brought corn. 


The Caterpillar sat and purred, 
The Horsefly galloped high, 

The Ants came with their uncles 
And the Spiders came with pie. 


The June Bug in his buggy came, 
Dragged by the Dragon Fly, 
The Centipede gave his last cent 

To see the pair go by. 


It was a splendid party, 
But when the last was done, 

The Hop-toad sat outside the door 
And swallowed every?one: 


a 
a 
g 
" 
E: 
¢ 
bs 


(8vt *d ‘LYBAIVO 338) 
"LHOIW OL 3IVW3S = °1457 OL JIVW 


"AVS WLOINLSNOO VWNHS3V~ 


TIA ‘Id 


‘TITX “IOA ‘SMUN “ING 


a MAY, 1906. No. 5. 


me 0 NTENTS: 

and Calvert—Copulation of McClendon—Notes on the True Neurop- 
secs ence ee cree eneeereecen 143 COTA Le sc ectaccctecrecedoenebbecsvnese 169 

‘ ‘Ichneumonid......... .150 | Banks—On the Perlid genus Chloro- 
; sitic Hymenoptera from Al me OOM eh ENs nce hse ced epee ea eeeeees 174 
Illinois—IV. .:.......-... 151 | Rowley—Notes on Papilio ajax......... 175 

of a winter trip in Texas, Kunze—Stemmed cocoons of Telea poly- 
speserapte list of the Or- DUCT Ae ee 15 i'd seh seen cane 177 
MR ie ao alge vi aicrd « ¥p mre DBd te LOLIAN cystic uals 4h 6/5 65,6 oid iidoredeiemed sos 180 
geuus Trachykele, with Notes and News...............- oe sao 181 
descriptions of other Doings of Societies ........... Peighs es 3s 182 

erican Buprestidee dee i 160 


I Copulation of Odonata. 


ae kw E. B. WILLIAMSON. 


ona the female ba the on. No observa- 
TS, SO far as I know, have confirmed or corrected 
ation iiich, eee out? mat, in some oF the Ani- 


28 
pe 


ee | 


n “details in the method of ‘‘coupling’’ in the 
Zygoptera. The procedure, for the sake of clear- 
be classified and subclassified as follows : 


two jaws of the pincers by which the male grasps the female, 
formed by (1), the superior appendages, and (2), the inferior 
appendage. In couple the inferior appendage rests on top of 
the head, and the superior appendages on the rear of the 
head of the female. SusorDER ANISOPTERA. Positive ob- 
servations in the case of Celithemis, Sympetrum, (Libellu- 
- linae), Gomphus (Gomphinae), and Aeshna (Aeshnina). 


143 


144 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [May, ’06 


AA.—The two jaws of the pincers by which the male grasps the female, 
formed by the two superior appendages, acting forceps-like, 
or by the inferior appendages, acting in a similar manner. 
In the case of certain species, judging from the form of the 
appendages, superior appendages and inferior appendages 
each act as a pair of forceps, so the female is doubly secured. 
Also it must be noted that the two superiors acting together 
may form one jaw of a pair of pincers, the other jaw of which 
is formed by the two inferiors. In couple the superior append- 
ages of the male rest behind, and the inferior appendages in 
front, of the hind margin of the pronotum of the female. Sus- 
ORDER ZYGOPTERA. . 

B.—Superior appendages of the male forming two jaws, in couple 
grasping the most anterior portion of the mesepisternum and 
the mesostigmal laminae of the female. 

C.—Inferior appendages of the male in couple extended over the dor- 
- sum of the pronotum of the female, scarcely or not touching it, 
and with their apices resting against the rear of the head. When 
the abdomen of the male was disturbed the inferior append- 
ages in some cases did not touch the head of the female, in 4 
other cases the tips of these appendages were extended to the j 
top of the female’s head. Undisturbed they rested against the 
rear of the occiput, performing no work of grasping whatever. LS 
All female Zygoptera observed when in couple keep the pro- ; 
thorax drawn tightly against the mesothorax. Zestes. Posi- 
tive observations in the case of LZ. forcipatus and L. unguicu- 


latus: 
CC.—Inferior appendages of the male resting on the anterior side of 


the hind lobe of the prothorax of the female. He/erina. 

BB.—Inferior appendages forming two jaws which grasp the anterior 
surface of the hind lobe of the pronotum of the female, the 
superior appendages resting in cups formed by depressions in 
the mesostigmal laminz and the rear surface of the hind lobe 
of the pronotum and, depending on their form, grasping the 
mesostigmal laminz or not. The female by drawing the hind 
lobe of the pronotum closely against the mesostigmal laminz 
prevents the escape of the male. 

D.—Dorsum of apex of segment 1o of male modified toform a brace 
against the middorsal carina or its fork or the cavity in the 
fork. Anomalagrion, Ischnura, Enallagma. 

DD.—Dorsum of apex of segment 10 of male with a viscid pruinose 
tubercle on either side which attaches itself to the mesepister- 
num of the female on either side of the fork of the middorsal 
carina, the tubercle which corresponds to the inferior append- 
age of Anisoptera engaging the cavity in the fork between the 
mesostigmal laminz. Argia ( putrida and apicalis). 


ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 145 


BF Prec. U. S. Nat. Mus. Vol. XXVIII, p. 175, I have 
cussed pruinescence as a sex mark and signal. The pruin- 
ence ‘of the apical abdominal tubercles of male Argias 
e gia purpose, i. e., that of making more secure the 
ling of the sexes. Piackes separated from the males 
lly iwi a whitish spot on the mesepisternum where the 
es of the male have rested. The above description in 
g in group BB shows at once the reason of the inability 
he male to release the female at will. How secure this 
up it ¢ is may be known from the fact that I once captured 
male Enallagma exsulans to whose thorax was attached 
last nine abdominal segments of the male. Possibly a bird 
had snapped away the remainder of the body of the 


above notes are tentative in so far as I have positively ex- 
d coupling in a limited number of species. ‘To what ex- 
le superior appendages of the male grasp the mesostigmal 
2 of the female in Agrionine is difficult of determination. 

al species I believe it is very slight, though the append- 
“course, rest securely against the laminze, so held by 
notum. In many species of Exallagma and /schnura 
sence of hooks or teeth on the inferior surface of the 
appendages indicates that these appendages engage 
the rear surface of the hind lobe of the pronotum 
they would be held securely by the opposite pressure 
nferior appendages on the anterior surface of the hind 
the pronotum. 

ough the subject of Odonate copulation has been con- 
by many authors with ‘ presque toujours une descrip- 
étailée et souvent poétique,’ I have been unable to find 
atement concerning the filling of the seminal vesicle of the 
agonfly, other than that this takes place before copula- 
n the case of Calopteryx, Argia and Enallagma, where 
been able to make positive observations, the male fills 
inal vesicle at once after he has captured the female. 
s probable that during the wild flight of mating Aeshnas 
e of the Gomphines (I have noticed especially Dromo- 
s spoliatus) the seminal vesicle is being filled, and, this 


146 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [May, ’06 


accomplished, the pair come to rest in tree-top, on the ground, 
or where not, and copulation takes place.’’—Williamson, 
Proc. Ind. Acad. Sci., 1901, p. 125: 

In the final act of copulation still other barmonious relation- 
ships of parts are necessary. The abdomen of the female 
must be curved forward and upward and its apex brought 


into proper position to the accessory genitalia of the second 


abdominal segment of the male. Often this is accomplished 
only after repeated trials, and sometimes there is failure to 
copulate. Any deformity in the grasping apparatus of 
the male which would tend to hold the female out of 
proper position, though admitting of securely retaining her, 


or any malformation of the female’s thorax or head, havy- 


ing the same effect, might prevent copulation. Abdominal 
length or brevity of abdomen of either sex might also prevent 
it. Crooked abdomens or the absence of free articulation of 
abdominal segments might have a prohibitive effect. And, if 
the apex of the female abdomen is brought into position with 
the accessory genitalia of the male, it yet remains, before co- 
pulation can take place, that these parts should be mutually 
adapted to each other. So, to sum up, the Odonata, in the 
securing of the female, the filling of the seminal vesicle and 
the final act present an example of copulation possibly unique 
in the complexity of its accomplishment. ‘This complexity 
explains at once the isolation which certain species enjoy 
though associated with numerous congeners of similar habits. 
That such species with their complex sexual adaptations ap- 
peared by mutation is almost inconceivable. Geographical 
isolation and gradual modification offer a more plausible ex- 
planation. 

Various factors contribute to the preservation of related 
species when brought in contact with each other in a restricted 
area. The factor above discussed, z. e., complexity of the 
sexual act, is almost inoperative probably in the genus Lzbe/- 
lula for example. Here there is considerable uniformity in 
size and great uniformity in the structure of all parts con- 
cerned in copulation. But the males fight for the females in 
the open, over the water or above the reeds; and it is possible 


re 
g 
i 

J 

b- 
F 


ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 147 


anovice in entomology to readily identify our Libellulas 
a key based on wing markings. Again in many of the 
; eryginze there is great uniformity in the parts concerned 
ulation but great diversity of wing markings. The 
Rhinocypha and Calopteryx may serve as examples, and 
th it has been shown that the sexes are attracted to each 
er by movements and displays of color. On the other 
id, the species of Sympetrum, which are, with a few excep- 
very uniformly colored and without wing markings, 
yme diversity in the form of the abdominal appendages 
male and great diversity in the accessory genitalia of 
e and the vulvar lamina of the female. These differ- 
reach a maximum of development in the swift-flying 
tochloras which are, with one or two exception, without 
ing markings and with bodies uniformly colored, but which 
yw a remarkable diversity in the abdominal appendages of 
ale and the vulvar lamina of thefemale. In the Agrion- 
sand Lestes, species generally with colorless wings and weak 
_ there is great diversity in the structure of the male ap- 
es and the female thorax. Upon these parts to a great 
t all authors have based the most satisfactory definitions 
cies. That there is a fundamental difference in the 
which contribute to or determine the preservation of 
_and that among certain species this factor -is 
mplexity of the sexual act, and among others it 
possession of obvious external characters, deter- 
possibly by sexual selection, is suggested by a com- 
m of Dr. Calvert’s treatment of the genus <Argia 
oninz) in the Biologia Centrali-Americana, and De Sely’s 
ae of Rhinocypha (Calopterygine) in the Syzopszs des 
rygines and its Additions. In the Agrionine genus 
‘ma there is considerable uniformity in the size of species. 
e of the genus Zes/es vary more in this particular. 
the Agrionines possibly that the most diverse forms 
Jominal appendages are found, though the Gomphines 
st uniformly colorless-winged species) have these parts 
ped in extremely different manners. The Aeschnines, 
f which have colorless wings, have considerable diver- 


148 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [May, ’06 


sity in these parts, and many species have the body colors 
very brilliantly and diversely developed. 

In the genus Gomphus as it occurs about my home at Bluff- 
ton, Indiana, it may be noted that all species are colorless- 
winged ; certain ones are of about the same size ; these certain 
ones occur at the same season, at the same place, have appar- 
ently identical habits and are very similar in body markings. 
Under these conditions the complexity of the copulatory act 
is probably the only barrier to the free intermingling of these 
species. I have already in the Ent. NEws described a hybrid 
of graslinellus and sordidus ; and during the season of 1905 a 
number of specimens were taken which, in the opinion of Dr. 
Calvert and myself, are specifically indeterminable, combin- 
ing characters of both crassus and fraternus, two closely related 
species in which the abdominal appendages of the males are 
very similar. Both species were flying at the ripple where the 
indeterminable specimens were taken. Dr. Kellicott once re- 
marked that he could not understand how, among the Enallag- 
mas at Cedar Point, Ohio, the males could recognize their own 
species of the opposite sex, and he studied many specimens 
carefully but without discovering any evidence of hybridiza- 


tion so farasI know. ‘The coupling of different species has 


been reported a number of times but I know of no record of 
copulation. However, near Bluffton, Axallagma civile and 
carunculatum, two species with very similar appendages are 
brought in contact in numbers about a 6-acre pond. I have 
studied probably 500 males from this pond, and have found a 
few specimens (20-30 possibly) which were clearly inter- 
mediate. 


It; , By Pui ?,..CALverz, 
(With Plate VII) 

Mr. Williamson has asked me to add any notes or sugges- 
tions which occur to me on the subject of his paper. 

I can confirm his observations in the cases of Aeshna con- 
stricta and Sympetrum vicinum. The former is illustrated by 
Plate VII, based on a photograph from specimens in my collec- 
tion labeled, ‘‘’ Taken in this position (of copulation) Oct. 1, 


ae a 


y, 06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 149 


_ Ridley Twp., Del. Co., Pa. P. P. Calvert, collector.’’ 
a age find any notes made on this pair, but their history, 
“ea as Ican recall it from memory, is as follows: In the - 
ternoon of the day mentioned, I saw a pair flying to- 
er in the position represented by Plate VII and alight- 
i. branch of a tree close to the ground. Approach- 
cautiously, I was able to seize one with my right 
id, the other with my left at the same instant, without pull- 
them apart, or without the insects themselves separating. 
capture occurred near the house and some one of the 
ily poured a few drops of benzine on the insects, while I 
d them in position, until this substance killed them. Each 
3 pinned to the same piece of cork which serves as a com- 
n mounting block, while a stouter pin thrust through | 
‘cork enables the pair to be moved about as one specimen. 
ne years later, Dermestids got access to them.and made 
cavities in the eyes of both, but, fortunately, did not. 
e the specimens seriously otherwise, before the depreda- 
were discovered. Dr. Skinner then kindly made a pho- 
raph of the pair lest other injury be done, and the prints 
e been in my possession for some years. Excepting 
damage referred to, the specimens themselves are in good 
te tion. In only one detail does the copulatory position 
m to have been lost: the appendages of the male are no 
in actual contact with the head (due probably to some 
traction of the abdominal muscles and to shrinkage from 
ing of the tissues), although they retain the angular di- 
nce which corresponds with Mr. Williamson’s descrip- 
_ The shadows, which appear around the head of the 
le in the photograph, obscure the details to such an ex- 
it that I have shown these in outline on the plate, on the 
scale, by a drawing made directly from the insects. 
haps a photograph made of living Odonata while pairing 
: reveal some differences from what is here shown on Plate 
: II, and some entomologist may be fortunate enough to secure 
ucha view. That it is often not difficult to approach these in- 
at this time, and at short range, is shown also by the fact 
ton August 29, 1895, at Interlaken, Switzerland, I caughta 


150 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [May, ’06 


similar pair of Aeshna cyanea in my fingers, although I was 
not able to preserve their positions. 

Finally, I can confirm Mr. Williamson’s observations in the 
case of Sympetrum vicinum, at Philadelphia, November 6, 1900, 
and at Lake Hopatcong, New Jersey, September, 1902. In 
September, 1905, at Loch Bonnie, near Lake Placid, in the 
Adirondacks, New York, I attempted to make exact observa- 
tions on the method of holding the female in Lestes forcipatus 
Ramb., but all that I could determine was that the terminal 
appendages of the male grasped the female’s prothorax, the 
superior appendages on its posterior, the inferior appendages 
on its anterior, surface. 


A New Ichneumonid. 
By HENRY SKINNER. 


Metopius harbecki n. sp.—The following markings are yellow: Margin 
of facial shield, apical half of scutellum, a dot on postscutellum, the first 
abdominal segment, a small triangular patch on apex of the third dorsal 
abdominal segment, the apical margin of the fourth dorsal, third coxe at 
apex and outer half of sides, third trochanters and small spot at apex of 
third femora. 


The nearest. ally to this distinct species is pollinctorius Say. 
Described from one specimen taken by Mr. H. S. Harbeck at 
Germantown, Philadelphia, on September 25, 1904. The 
type is in the collection of the American Entomological 
Society. 


42> 
—=—or- 


Dr. SAMUEL G. Drxon, President of the Academy of Natural Sciences 
and Health Commissioner of Pennsylvania, has directed Mr. Henry L. 
-Viereck to make a mosquito survey of the State. 


Last SUMMER, while collecting in a swamp, a skipper, Pamphila mefa- 
comet, alighted on my hand, turned its abdomen upward and the tip for- 
ward and discharged a small drop of colorless fluid on my hand. This 
it eagerly sucked up through its proboscis, repeating the operation not 
less than halfa dozen times: I then placed the cyanide bottle over it. As 
soon as its struggles had ceased, I took it from the bottle, pressed the 
abdomen, and obtained a drop of the fluid. It was tasteless, possibly 
slightly sweet. This may be a common habit, but I have never happened 
to observe it before.—E. B. Wi1LL1amson, Bluffton, Indiana. 


mens, fof °, 
dc vipes F ‘abr. 
See 9. 


, ‘1895. 


mens, 2. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 


I51 


Hymenoptera of Algonquin, Illinois.—IV.* 
By Wm. A. Nason, M. D. 


(Continued from page 172, Vol. xvi, No. 6 ) 


Perilampus fulvicornis Ashm. 
Sept. 4, 1894. 
I specimen, Q. 
Perilampus hyalinus Say. 
Sept. 21, 1894. 
June 13, 14, July 29, Aug. 16, 
Sept. 17, 1895. 
8 specimens, ¢' @. | 
Lamprostylus nasonit Ashm. 
June 4, 1895. 
2 specimens, °. 
Co-types, types in Ashm. coll. 
Eurytoma auriceps Walsh. 
Sept-e7,. Oct: 16; 18, 93,2: 
1895. 
5 specimens, ¢, Q. 
Eurytoma bicolor Walsh. 
Sept. 15, 1895. 
I specimen, @. 
Eurytoma diastrophi Walsh. 
Sept. ro, 15, Oct. 3, 1895. 
4 specimens, , 9. 
Eurytoma prunicola Walsh. 
Sept. 21, 1894. 
June 11, 1895. 
2 specimens, ’, 9 
Eurytoma tylodermatus Ashm. 
Aug. 23, 1894. 
I specimen, 9. 
Bruchophagus funebris Howard. 
Aug. 24, 1895. 
I specimen, 9. 
Decatoma nubilistigma Walsh. 
July 19, 23, 1895. 
2 specimens, °. 
LIsosoma hordei Harris. 
July 3, 1895. 
I specimen, Q. 


ions were made by Dr. Wm. H. Ashmead, of Washington, D. C. 


152 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 


Monodontomerus montivagus Ash. 


June 9g, Io, 1894. 
7 specimens, Q. 
Syntomaspis brodei Ash. 
Sept. 8, 1894. 
I specimen, 
Syntomaspis elegans Prov. 
I specimen, <j. 
Torymus omnivorus Ashm., 
May 4, 1895. 
I specimen, <j. 
Torymus diamonoides Ashm. 
June 7, 13, 1895. 
2 specimens, ©. 
Co-types, types in Ashm. coll. 
Ormyrus querci Fitch, 
Oct. 2, 1905. 
2 specimens, <j, 9. 
Ormyrus ventricosus Ashm. 
May 4, July 3, 1895. 
2 specimens, 4,. 
Eupelmus allynii French. 
July 18, 26, 27, Oct. 27, 1895. 
4 specimens. 


Bothriothorax peculiaris Howard. 


Aug. 8, 1895. 
I specimen, &. 
Spalangia aenea Say. 
April 25, May 7, 1895. 
2 specimens, 9. 
Spalangia rugosicollis Ashm. 
July 9, 1894. 
I specimen, Q. 
Spalangia drosophile Ashm. 
Aug. 26, 1894. 
I specimen, Q. 
Flalticopiera trypete Ashm. 
May 9g, 1894. 
April 30, May 3, 1895. 
3 specimens, <j’, Q. 
Co-types, types in Ashm. coll. 
Trigonoderus maculatus Ashm. 
Sept. 19, 1895. 
2 specimens, 9°. 
Co-types, types in Ashm. coll. 


[May, ’06 


Caratomus megacephalus Dalm 
June 29, 1894. 
June 2, 8, 1895. 
May 12 to June 29, 1896. 
29 specimens, <j’, 9. 
Merismus texanus Ashm. 
Sept. 17, 1895. 
I specimen, 9. 
Syntomopus affinis Ashm, 
Sept. 15, 1895. 
I specimen, 9. 
Syntomopus americanus Ashm. 
June 17, 27, 1895. 
2 specimens, 9. 
Pachyneuron allograptae Ashm. 
Sept. 22, 1895. 
I specimen, 9. 
Pachyneuron micans Howard. 
Aug. 22, 1894. 
I specimen, 9. 
Pachyneuron siphonophore Ash. 
I specimen, Q. 
Merisus destructor Say. 
July 28, 1894. 
I specimen, <j. 
Beotomus rufiviventris Ashm. 
Oct. 2, 1895. 
I specimen, Q. 
Habrocytus thyridopherygis Ashm. 
May 22, Sept. 22, 27, Oct. 3, 
1895. 
6 specimens, 9, 
Hypopteromalus tabacum Fitch. 
July 10, Sept. 27, 1895. 
2 specimens, Q. 
Epipteromalus algonquinus Ashm. 
June 27, July 3, 6,Sept. 27, 1895. 
4 specimens, 9. 
Co-types, types in Ashmead coll. 
Pteromalus comme Ashm. 
July 3, 1895. 
I specimen, @. 
Pteromalus grapte Ashm. 
May 15, 25, July 4, Aug. 18, 
~ . Oct. '17, 1894. 


any to, Sept. 1 to 22, Oct. 2 
to 29, 1895. 

7 specimens, o, 9 

alus incongruus Ashm. 

t. 3. 27, 1895. 


alus vaness@ Harris 
ot. 4, 1894. 
3 to 25, Sept. 22, 27, 1895. 
specimens, °. 
s calandre Howard. 
9 30, July 3 to 15, Aug. 


anthomyia Ashm. 

ie 7, Oct. 16, 1895. 

2 specimens, Q. 

is clisiocampe Fitch. 

' , Aug. 7, 1894, Sept. 27, 
2, 1895. 

ecimens, 9. 

: Reeniewlaris Prov. 


Ve cin 2. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 


153 


Cirrospilus flavicinctus Riley. 
_ June 2, Sept. 22, 27, Oct. 2, 1895. 
4 specimens, 9°. 
Cirrospilus flavimaculatus Ashm. 
Sept. 27, 1895. 
2 specimens, Q. 
Melittobia pelopaei Ashm. — 
May 28, June 2, July 18, Aug. 
15, Sept. 15, 17, 1895. 
7 specimens, %. 
Sympiesis tischerie Vrch. 
Sept. 27, Oct. 16, 1895. 
-2specimens, 9°. 
Sympiesis dolichogaster Ashm. 
Sept. 20, 27, 1895. 
3 specimens, 9. 
Sympiesis guercide Ashm. 
Oct. 16, 1895. 
I specimen, °. 
Sympiesis chenopodit Ashm. 
Oct. 2, 1895. 
I specimen, 9°. 
Uriella rufipes Ash. 
June 26, July 3 to 28, Aug. 11, 
22, 1894. 
May 4, 9, 48, June 15, July 8, 
Aug. 34, Sept. 17, 1895. 
Co-types, types in Ashmead coll. 
Metapachia acutiventris Ashm.° 
May 22, Sept. 19, 1895. 
2 specimens, Q. 
Co-types, type in Ashmead coll. 
Nasonia brevicornis Ashm. 
May II, June 12, July 3, 1895. 
3 specimens, °. 
Co-types, type in Ashmead coll. 


_Eutodon lthocolletidis Ashm. 


Aug. 1, 1895. 
I specimen, <. 
Asecodes quercicola Ashm. 
July to, 1895. 
I specimen, <j. 
Omphale livida Ashm. 
- Sept. 15, 1895. 
I specimen, @. 


154 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. (May, ’06 


Chrysocharis albitarsis Ashm. Tetrastichus sp. ? 
Aug. 1, Oct. 2, 6, 1895. Oct. 2, 1895. 
4 specimens, %, Q. 2 specimens, 9, 
Solenotus bimaculatus Ashm. Closterocerus niger Ashm. 
Sept. 27, 1895. June 25, 1894. 
I specimen, 9. I specimen, . 
Co-types, types in Ashmead coll. Co-type, type in Ashmead coll. 
Solenotus pulchripes Ashm. Rileya cecidomyie Ashm. 
Sept. 27, Oct. 2, 3, 1895. Aug. 16, 1865. 
Co-types, type in Ashmead coll. I specimen, °. 
Tetrastichus racemarie Ashm. 
July 7, 1894. EVANIIDA. 
I specimen, 9. Flyptia reticulata Say. 
Tetrastichus sp.? Gasteruption incertus Cress. 
Sept. 27, Oct. 27, 1895. 


4 specimens, <j. 


<0 
—=—or- 


Notes of a Winter Trip in Texas, with an Annotated 
List of the Orthoptera. 


By CHARLES A. Hart, Urbana, II. 


In late December and early January I had the pleasure of 
briefly studying the insect-life of four unlike Texan localities. 
For valued assistance in this undertaking, I wish to express 
my thanks to my relative, Prof. E. C. Green, and to Prof. A. 
F. Conradi, both of the Texas Agricultural and Mechanical 
College; to the Houston and Texas Central Railroad; and 
to Mr. A. P. Atwater, of Houston. . 

The first six days, December 22-27, were spent in the 
vicinity of the College, in Brazos County, 150 miles inland 
from the Gulf. The soil is clayey or sandy upland, partly 
covered with a scrubby forest, mostly post oak, and intersected 
by shallow grassy ravines. On December 28th and 29th I 
was in the broad bottom lands of the Brazos River, in the 
same county, areas of heavy forest, alternating with large 
fields of cotton, alfalfa, etc. January 3d and 4th saw me at 
work along the low open grassy outer shore of Galveston 
Island, near the west end of the great sea wall; and the 5th 
and 6th, in the coastal plain at Houston, fifty miles inland, 
west of the section called Houston Heights, in the vicinity of 


2 
; 
“ 
7 
- 
% 
— 
x: 


, 06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. ESS 


head of a small steep-sided ravine, running to the Buffalo 
u near by, the surroundings being a sparse forest, mostly 
olly pine. 

- conditions were éssentially those of late October in 
s. The grass and weeds were dead, asa rule, and the 
lous trees leafless. A few frosts had previously occurred. 
veather on the above days was sunny and warm at mid- 


“the Te is sera: two or three parasitic species were 
and afew /olistes pallipes at Houston. The common 
‘ing ants about College Station, Pogonomyrmex comanche, 
seen about their low mounded nests. Occasional Mus- 
and three or four butterflies were observed. A single 
s of dragonfly (Sympetrum) and a prettily banded 
ba were taken several times. Two tiger-beetles and a 
odes were found sunning themselves. Among Hem- 
there were taken a few pentatomids and a large coreid 
thocephala declivis). "The only plant-feeder which ap- 
to be definitely at work was a small Clastoptera-like 
swept from the fresh green pine leaves. A bovine skull 
| the ground at the Houston. locality revealed the 
s of several large round burrows beneath it. Upturn- 
e loose soil with a stick, a number of Geotrupes were 
out. Dermestes and Silpha were noted on animal 
at Galveston. 

cts under bark, logs, etc., seemed not especially numer- 
They were mostly of the usual familiar types, though 
of unfamiliar species. At Galveston nearly all wood 
ag nents had been swept away, except a line of driftwood 
ar the inner edge of the beach, which was destitute of insect 


ir of pants by a pasture fence proved quite a treasure- 
_ Lacon rectangulus and Opatrinus aciculatus were com-. 
both here and at College Station. The remaining 


156 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. _ [May, ’06 


Disonycha, Reduviidee, Aradidze, ants, and sluggish, immature 
scorpions. 

The Orthoptera received especial attention. The previous 
frosts had apparently killed all grasshoppers in level, open 
lands and other exposed situations, but they were still fairly 
common where protected by trees, weeds, brush, or sloping 
banks, as in the grassy hollows about College Station. At 
Galveston they were somewhat more generally distributed. 
Out of about 1,200 insects collected, over 800 were Orthop- 
tera. The largest collection of Orthoptera in any one day 
came from the Houston locality, where 108 were taken on 
January 6th. No Phasmide or Mantidze were observed in any 
stage, and the Locustidze were represented only by a few Cono- 
cephalus, some of these being under shelter, as if hibernating. 
Some of the ’hoppers were getting pretty ragged, but in gen- 
eral they were in fair condition. ‘The following is an anno- 
tated list of the species, including some other Texas records. 
These are mostly from specimens received from Mr. Conradi, 
now in the collection of the Illinois State Laboratory of 
Natural History, in which all the above material has been 
placed. The four localities are cited by their initials, using 
‘‘B.’’ for the Brazos River bottoms. ‘The dates have already 
been given for each place, and need not be stated in detail. 


LIST OF THE ORTHOPTERA. 


Anisolabis maritima Bon. B., 19 adults and nymphs. Under logs 
about farm buildings, near the high river-bank. New to Texas, and un- 
usual so far inland. 

Labia burgessi Scudd. H., 9 adults, 8 nymphs. Found under the 
loose bark of a large fallen pine, in company with the next species, from 
which it scarcely differs, except in the obtected and apparently function- 
less wings, and the smaller tegmina. A Florida species, new to Texas. 

Labia guttata Scudd. H., 3 adults,9 nymphs. Found with the pre- 
ceding, as stated, 

Ischnoplera? spp. C., B., G., 7 nymphs. Under boards, etc. 

Kakerlac americana Scudd (Lobopitera). ‘‘ Tex.” (Bolter Coll.) New 
to Texas. 

Periplaneta americana Linn. G., 4 examples; C. (Coll. I. S. L. N. 
H.) This is the dominant roach in Houston and Galveston. 

Oligonyx scudderi Sauss. C. (Coll. I. L. N. H.) 


ay, ’06] | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 157 


‘the small stream. 
“eteaenag manus Hance. H., z. This is quite possibly a distinct 


t ipided laterals Say. C. (Coll. 1.S. L. N. H.); H., 

‘bula admirabilis Uhl., October 28th (Coll. I. S. L. N. HL): H 
larger than Illinois “ae 

esochlora abortiva Brun. C., 14 3, 28 2,1 young; B.,4 9. One 
1 Commonest species eck College Station, on the dry, thinly 
ed sides of stream hollows. 

esochlora unicolorn.sp. C., 8, 11 Q; B., 1 d’. Associated with 
receding, and not differing dplieectably fron it except in the dorsal 
oture and coloration ; the two not intergrading, however, in the series 


: eadily recognized by the uniform gray of the tegmina and dorsal sur- 
ces of head and pronotum, the lateral carine uniform throughout, not 
‘tly swollen, at middle less sharply curved than in adortiva, and 
ally separated here by more than half the distance between them at 
posterior margin. The pronotal lateral black spot and oblique carina 
- about as in adortiva. 

In adortiva, on the other hand, there is a velvety black line on the 
nina, sometimes broken, and two straight stripes of this color on the 
|and pronotum above. On the pronotum these include the strongly 
ydral lateral carinz, the convergent portions of which are straight, 
len, and ivory-white, connected by a fine short arc, the carine here 
ona by about half the distance between them on the posterior 
Type in collection of III. State Lab. of Nat. Hist. 

biybropidia occidentalis Sauss. C.,1; H., 23. Abundant among 
pines, very elusive, flying short distances noiselessly and almost in- 
bly, the dorsal color closely matching that of the fallen pine needles. 
Orphuiella pelidna Burm. C., 24, 1 nymph; B., 1; H., 36; G., 6. 
dJely distributed and common in short grass. Galveston examples 
> mostly a little shorter winged and greener, suggesting the next. 
picturata Scudd. C., 12; B., 6. With the preceding. 

hromorpha viridis Scudd. H., 2. Green variety. 

bhia xanthoptera Germ. C.,1; H., 4. 

implex Scudd. H.,8ex. With the preceding on dry sunny open 


ortophaga viridifasciata DeG. C., 12; B., H., 5; G., 10. Many 

rs seen. The green form is rarer thai in Illinois. Both sexes were 
to produce the crackling sound in flight. I was struck by the 

idance and activity of both young and adults. They seemed thor- 

sughly at home at this season. 

/ Encoptolophus costalis Scudd. C., 3; B.,4; H., 1. On bare dry ex- 

_ posures of washed-out roads or stream banks, 


158 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [May, ’06 


Hippiscus rugosus Scudd. C.,1 

Dissostetra carolina Linn. B., I. 

Trachyrhachys fuscifrons Stal. (Mestobregma) C., 1. On low 
gravelly mound in stream bed. 

Conoza amplicornis Caud. (Psinidia sulcifrons amplicornis Caud.) 
13,1 2. Among little sandy hillocks, in company with H/e/zastus. 


*9 


Described from a male and female from Victoria, Tex. Apparently a 


good species. Posterior edge of pronotum dorsally strongly concave 
each side, with a marked acute process at middle. Wings of female 
orange tinted. , Pronotal carina deeply cut twice.’ The male is remark- 
ably small; body 12.5 mm., tegmina 13 mm. antenne g9 mm. Other 
characters just as described by Caudell. 

Trimerotropis citrina Scudd. B., 5; G., to. Common on the high 
banksof the Brazos, and on the sides of the canal at Galveston. 

Heliastus sumichrasti subrosea Caud. G., 3. Found with the Conoza. 
The absence of the pronotal carina between the sulci is not ibis 
evident. 

Brachystola magna Gir. Rescue, Tex., June 8th (Coll, LS toe H.). 

Dictyophorus reticulatus Thunb.  C., July 20th (Coll. 1. S. L. N. H.). 

D. marci Serv. C., May 15th; Wellborn, Tex., June 26th (Coll. I. 
Sv, Ni: Hi; 

Leptysma marginicollis Serv. G., I. : 

Schistocerca americana Dru. C., 8; H., 3; G., 4; C. Aug. 8 and 22, 
and Nov. 18 (Coll. I. S. L. N. H.). Common about trees or bushes, 
flying to them when disturbed. 


S. damnifica Sauss. H., 8. Flies up into trees as does americana, 


but is more inclined to be tricky and exasperating. 

Paraidemona mimica Scudd. C., 8; B., 1; H., 2; G., 3. In dry, 
sparsely grassy nooks. - 

Campylacantha acutipennis Scudd. C., 1; B., 1; Paris, Tex., Oct. 6 
(Coll. I.S. L. N. H.). This is the infuscate form, often found associated 
with C. olivacea, and ee distinct from it. 

Melanoplus atlanis Riley. B., 10; C., Oct. 28 (Coll. I: Sy te H.). 
In the corner of a bottom-land cotton- eld. next to a farm yard, Melan- 
opli were remarkably abundant, attracted, perhaps, by belated plants. 
The species were aé/anis, femur-rubrum and impiger ? 

lM. scudderi texensis, n. var. C., 18; B., 2; H., 15. Common in 
well-sheltered spots with moderately thick grass, associated with JZ 
plebejus. The length of the furcula, not at all ‘‘exaggerated”’ in Scud- 
dér’s figure *—in some cases fully one-third the length of the supra-anal 
plate—the more rounded tegmina, and the very distinct lateral stripe in 
both sexes, seem to entitle this to varietal rank. Type in coll. I. S. L. 
N. H. 

M. femur-rubrum DeG. C., 2; B., 3; C., Oct. 25 (Calyaaa . 
H.). Infrequent. - One from each locality has glaucous hind tibe. 


* Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., Vol. XX, Pl. XIV, fig. 6. 


ry, ’06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 159 


bispinosus Scudd. G., 4. Open pastures among grass and short 
ds. The two males agree closely with Scudder’s figure* but are 
considerably smaller than his. The metazona is short, Seceey shorter 
th n the prozona. The larger male measures: body, 19 mm.; antenne, 

mm.; tegmina, 15 mm.; hind femora, 10.7 mm. The other is nearly 
fifth smaller. 
1. impiger Scudd.? B., 12; G., 11; C., Oct. 28 (Coll. I. S. L. N. H.). 
ind in open grassy ped : aithewlarts abundant in the cotton field 
rred to under ad/anis. All are females, including a number in the 
CF Laboratory Collection, and a persistent search at each locality 
d to disclose the male. In the Texas Agricultural College collection 
are labeled impiger, but the description of this does not fit them 


, plebejus Stal. C., 14; B., 16; H., 6. Associated with M. scudderi 

sis; superficially similar, but with glaucous hind tibiz and very 

e male structures. Those from B. were in margin of heavy forest, 

ated with WW. robustus. 

deletor Scudd. C., 1; H., 27. Grassy banks in forest. Near 

¢s, but larger. The cercal upper fork is bent up more than Scud- 

”s indicates. es 

l. differentialis Thom. C.,1; Wellborn, Tex., Aug. 25; Brazos R., 

; C., Aug. 20 and Oct. 28 (Coll. I. S. N. H.). 

robustus Scudd. Common in margin of heavy forest area on low, 

0 tom land, associated with /. plebejus. 
ad y Faréata Brunn. C., 6’, 9 (Coll. ILS. L. N. H.). Tarsi, 

tibee, and tips of hind fetmora blackish, and the tympanum and pos. 

edge of tegmina fuscous. Genital structures as in furcata. 

crocentrum laurifolium Linn. C., Oct. 3 (Coll. I. S. L. N. H.). 

cephalus Juscostriatus Redt.. G., 1. In the folds of the before- 

ned old pair of pants. 

mexicanus Sauss. H., 7; G., 

bhidium strictum Scudld. Weliborn, Tex., June 26 (Coll. I. S. L. 


or cragini Brun. Wellborn, Tex., June 26 (Coll. I. S. L. N. H.). 
7) bius Jasciatus vittatus Harr. B., 1. 

ocius Scudd. C., 3; B., 6; G., 2. Apparently the commonest 
ius about ghitivated land. . several species of this genus an in- 
iate form between the long and short-winged forms has been 
in which the tegmina are as in the long-winged forms, the dorsal 
zhtly projecting behind, but the wings are absent—as in Lugger’s 
of fasciatus vittatus. One of the socius is of this form. 

meralis, n. sp. C., one female. Rather small, almost wholly 
antenne Diicsteetaceotis on basal half, except the basal joint, 
few black annulations; maxillary palpi black, the penultimate 


Pl. XIX, fig. 6. 


160 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [May, 06 


joint fusco-testaceous ; a faint dark testaceous margin in front of the eye, 
and asmall spot anteriorly on the lateral lobe of the pronotum ; abdomen 
above with gray spots in the usual pattern. Tegmina as long as head 
and pronotum, rounded and slightly oblique at tip, longitudinal veins 
prominent, cross-veins very feeble, lateral fields black, dorsal dark fus- - 
cous, a fine yellow line on vein at lateral margin of dorsal field, con- 
tinued along apical margin of lateral field. Legs black, tibize with 
testaceous interrupted line on upper face, first tarsal joint dark testa- 
ceous, black at tip; spines of hind tibiae testaceous at base and tip. 
Cerci fuscous ; ovipositor short, black, nearly straight, distinctly denticu- 
late, slightly exceeding cerci.. Body 7.5 mm. long. Ovipositor 3.5 mm.; 
hind femora, 5.5 mm.; tegmina, 2.6mm. Type incoll. I.S. L. N. H. 

N. mexicanus Walk. C., I. 

NN. carolinus Scudd. B., 1; H., 1 adult, 1 nymph. 

Gryllus americanus Blatchl. B., 1; C. (Coll. I. S. L. N. H.). From 
what I have seen of this in Illinois, I should think it was clearly distinct. 
Scudder’s description of zeg/ectus is right for pennsy/vanicus, but not for 
americanus. 

G. pennsylvanicus Burm. G., 9; B., Mar. 22 (Coll. I. S. L. N. H.). 
Tegmina longer than in Illinois specimens, in the females fully reaching 
tip of abdomen: The B. specimen is long-winged. Of a large number 
of nymphs from under boards at C. and B., the majority are probably 
this species. 

canthus pini Beut. C. Coll. I. S. L. N. H.). This is the form near 
g-punctatus, but with a transverse bar on the basal antennal joint in place 
of the black dot, and assigned to the above species by Titus.* 


<> 


On the Genus Trachykele, With Notes and Descrip- 
tions of Other North American Buprestidae. 
By H. C. FALL. 


TRACHYKELE Mars. 

There is perhaps no genus of North American Buprestidze 
concerning which so little is positively known as the one here 
named. Specimens are very rare in collections, our literature 
is almost bare of allusions to them, and foreign literature of-. 
fers little more to the inquiring student. The genus was de- 
scribed in 1865 by Marseul, who based it upon a single speci- 
men, said to have been found in the Custom House at Paris, 
emerging from a cedar of Lebanon (‘‘Sortant d’un cedre du 
Liban’’), by M. Blondel. 


* 23d Rep. Ill. State Ent., p. 218. 


ay, 06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 161 


_ This locality seems to have been early discredited, for in 
e Catalogus of Gemminger and Harold (1869) the locality 
Orleans is given for the species. I have been unable to 
er the origin of this change, but it is doubtless connected 
the fact that there is in the LeConte collection a pair of - 
ra fastened to the body of another Buprestide, and bear- 
the legend in Salle’s handwriting ‘‘ The elytra alone are 
_blondeli’’ and the locality label ‘‘ Nlle Orleans.”’ 
the Catalogus the Buprestis leconted of Gory (1840) is 
and properly referred to this genus, but with the locality 
Bor.’’ instead of Mexico as originally given by Gory. 
ig down to the ‘‘ Biologia,’’ the locality of blondeli has 
been changed, for here we read—‘‘ Said to come from 
o, but there is some doubt of the correctness of this 
y. ‘There isa single example in the British Museum 
it locality, here figured.’’ This figure, Mr. Blanchard 
“me, agrees very well with the elytra in the LeConte 


}treatment of the Buprestidee in Wytsman’s Genera 
rum, Kerremans states with apparent assurance that 
is from Mexico, and that it is identical with Gory’s 
It is difficult to know what to make of this state- 
nce Kerremans admits he has never seen a specimen 
genus and yet gives no authority for his assertion. He 
nces Gory’s description as insufficient and his figure 
nizable and not at all like that given by Waterhouse 
ologia. Gory’s description is short and unsatisfactory, 
ue, but it is sufficiently characteristic to warrant our 
; ng : that the single examples of /econtez in the LeConte and 
a Collections—from Georgia and Louisiana—respectively, 
2 real thing and a very different thing from d/ondelz. 
] 3 < of correspondence between Gory’s and Waterhouse’s 
es is not at all surprising. 
ming that the d/ondeli elytra in the LeConte collection 
correctly labeled, there yet remain two undescribed species 
our Pacific Coast region, consideration of which has 
opted this investigation. One of these is a green species 
bling d/ondelz, and the few specimens known have, I be- 


162 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [May, ’06 


lieve, been so referred ; the other, a dark bronzed form, is 
more like /econtez, and has so passed, but it is larger than that 
species, and in some other respects quite different. The fol- 
lowing descriptions and notes will help to make these fine Bu- 
prestides better known to our collectors and students of our 
Coleoptera. 


Trachykele opulenta n. sp. 

Green of varying brilliancy and with more or less evident golden or 
coppery glints at some part of the surface ; disk of elytra maculate with 
small velvety black spots which vary much in size and number, but which 
show a tendency toward arrangement in longitudinal lines extending 
from the basal to the apical fourth. Upper surface glabrous and ex- 
tremely densely not coarsely punctate ; beneath with fine rather sparse 
whitish pubescense, densely punctate anteriorly, apical portion of abdo- 
men more sparsely so. Front uneven, vertex impressed each side, car- 
inate at middle. Prothorax nearly one-half wider than long, the length 
subequal to the width at apex, base a little wider, sides (superior lateral 
crest) broadly but distinctly angulate just behind the middle, disk with 
three anterior impressions and two large and deep posterior ones, the 
median lines sometimes narrowly smooth posteriorly and terminating in 
a small antescutellar fovea. Elytra about four times as long and one-third 
wider than the prothorax, humeri rather prominent ; sides parallel to be- 
hind the middle, thence gradually narrowed ; apex narrowly subtruncate 
and a little oblique ; disk with from one to three short or incomplete 
sulci parallel with the suture, one or all of which may become nearly or 
quite obsolete. Sterna and first ventral segment very densely punctate 
and dull, following segments more sparsely finely punctate and shining, 
especially at middle. Length, 16-20 mm.; width, 5-6% mm. 

In the male the antennz area little longer than the head and pro- 
thorax ; the front and middle tibiz are slightly curved and denticulate 
within, and the fifth ventral is squarely truncate. 

In the female the antennze scarcely pass the base of the prothorax ; the 
tibiz are nearly straight and denticulate within, and the fifth ventral is 
rotundate-truncate. 


Hab.—South Central Sierras of California to Washington 
(State). J have seen six examples (19, 58s) of this beauti- 
ful species, all but one of which were taken by Mr. Ralph 
Hopping in the Giant Forest region, Tulare Co., California. 
Of these Mr. Hopping writes, ‘‘One was beaten from the foli- 
age of Pinus lambertiana at 6,000 ft.; others were caught fly- 
ing in the Giant Forest at 6,400 ft., and one was cut from the 
burnt standing mast of a Libocedrus decurrens (Incense Cedar) 


— er 


ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 163 


9 ft. This latter was in its own burrow and there 
sem to be no doubt that Ldocedrus is a food tree of the 
The sixth specimen bearing the label ‘‘ Three Rivers, 
from the same region, and was recently submitted 
t notes by Prof. C. F. Baker. I learn on inquiry that. 
uchs has a single 9 of this species from Seattle, 
and there is also a ‘‘ W. T.’’ example in the Horn 
on. Miss Julia Wright has taken two examples at 
les, Placer Co., Cal., (fide Blaisdell). Dr. Van Dyke 
;, ‘‘I have never collected a live Trachykele, but have two 
wing cases, one taken from, I think, a yellow pine 
at Sesson, Shasta Co., the other in Tuolumne Co.’’ 


mples received by Dr. Fenyes from Santa Fe., New 
_ Specimens of each were accordingly sent to Mr. 
ok Blanchard, who has kindly compared them with 
eli elytra i in the LeConte collection. Mr. Blanchard 


wise so closely in accord with dlondeld that he thinks 
in be scarcely a doubt of their identity. The two 
Te quite similar in most respects, but on comparison 
iffers plainly from ofu/enta in its distinctly coarser, 
se eee pron and consequently more shining surface, 
more strongly angulate lateral crest and deeper excava- 
of the pronotum. There is on each elytron of bdlondeli 
t two-fifths from the apex and midway between the 
nd side margin, a small transverse impunctate carini- 
vation or tumidity, no trace of which exists in opulenta. 
1er small differences are observable but they are com- 
ly unimportant and perhaps not constant. The Santa 
ens are respectively 14 and 17 mm. in length; the 
elytra indicate a still larger specimen. It is quite 
that the Santa Fe species ranges south into Mexico, 
is extent tends to confirm the locality given by Water- 


164 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [May, ’06 


house and Kerremans for d/ondelz. On the other hand, it 
seems unlikely that a species living on coniferous trees at an 
altitude of 7,000 or 8,000 ft. in the Rocky Mts. is also a native 
of the lowlands adjoining the Gulf of Mexico. The New Or- 
leans specimen may therefore have been imported in timber ; 
it should, however, be remembered that 7: lecontez is also re- 
ported from Louisiana. 

T. nimbosa n. sp. 

Very similar in form and size to d/ondeli, of a dull bronze, with sparse 
subsquamiform pubescence ; the elytra numerously irregularly immacu- 
late with opaque velvety black spots, three of which ina longitudinal 
line on each elytron are larger and occupy more pronounced impressions. 
Head and prothorax densely punctate and impressed as usual in the 
genus ; the pronotal excavations fully as deep as in d/ondei, the lateral 
crests even more strongly angulate than in that-species. Elytra each 
with three or four feeble cost more or less interrupted by the impres- 
sions, the surface alutaceous and moderately closely punctate, the 
punctures not crowded as in d/ondeli or more especially in opulenta. 
Beneath more conspicuously pubescent, sterna densely punctate and 
dull, the abdomen shining brilliant coppery bronze, the first segment 
sparsely finely punctate, the following ones minutely and remotely so. 

_ Length, 15-17 mm.; width, 44%-5% mm. 

Hab.—This species ranges from Tulare Co., California, to 
British Columbia. 

‘Three examples—all Qs—are before me, two taken by Mr. 
Hopping at ‘‘ Marble Bridge’’ (5,200) and ‘‘ Round Meadow, 
Giant Forest,’’ Tulare Co., California. The third specimen 
was taken by Dr. Fenyes at Glen Alpine (7,000 ft.) near Lake 
Tahoe, Cal. Theelytra of the latter specimen are completely 
devoid of pubescence, as is the case in a specimen in the Le- 
Conte collection from British Columbia, which, however, Mr. 
Blanchard believes is identical with the Marble Bridge speci- 
men, which I have taken as the type. 

Mr. Hopping informs me that the specimens taken by him 
—three in all—were found flying in the Giant Forest, and he 
does not know their food tree. Dr. Fenye’s example was 
found on the trunk ofa fallen coniferous tree which, from 
memory, he believes to have been a spruce, certainly not a 
pine. Mr. Fuchs writes me that he once had specimens of 
this species (which he speaks of as /econte¢?) from Tuolumne, 


ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 165 


;and Shasta Cos., Cal., but that these are now in the 
ection. ‘The Shasta specimen he thinks was taken on 
\ pine (Pinus ponderosa). 


ei Gory. wae 

rn from Dr. Skinner that there is a single example of 
ies in the Horn collection, and from Mr. Blanchard 
LeConte collection contains a single 3, the igo will 
‘ion of which he has kindly sent me. 


y much smaller and more parallel in form (than imbosa), the 
x not at all expanded at sides. Front of head similar to the 
carina and impressions less strongly marked. Thorax some- 
adrate, apex and base nearly equal in width, sides broadly feebly 
slightly sinuate behind, the angles arcuate ; margin slightly in- 
towards the front ; surface impressed similarly to the last, finely 
sly punctate except the convexity between the posterior im- 
s, which is impunctate. Elytra somewhat flattened, substriate 
> suture, an irregular blackish subtransverse impression at an- 
urth, from outside the middle to the suture, a smaller more 
one just behind the middle, distant from the suture, and a still 
oblique one behind the last at posterior third ; surface finely 
and closely punctate, deeply impressed behind the humeri next 
argin; dull bronze varied with coppery. Prosternum feebly im- 
flat, abruptly tumid in front as in the other species ; coarsely, 
more or less asperately punctate, as is also the meso- and meta- 
abdomen finely, sparsely punctured and pubescent. Punctures 
bearing depressed inconspicuous scale-like hairs ; sides of pro- 
10re abundantly hairy, especially behind ; similar hades beneath 

y and at sides, finer more hair like on the abdomen. Last ven- 
cate and narrowly smooth and depressed at apex. Front and 

ghtly arcuate and asperate within, but less regularly and dis- 
y than in ofu/enta. Length, 9 mm.; width, 3.2 mm. 


ee corgi (LeConte Coll.); Louisiana (Horn Coll.). 
> more obvious diagnostic characters of our four species 
sed in the following table : | 


first ventral segment very densely punctate. 

Upper surface very densely punctate, side margin (lateral 
crest) of prothorax ee apeomis (California to 
pmmerington) ... 6 4 a weve ss Optlenta, 
_ Upper surface fees densely, more coarsely punctate ; side 
---—s margin of prothorax strongly angulate (New Mexico; Mexi- 
ume? ew Orleans??) ... cee. dss we _ blondeli. 


166 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS, [May, ’06 


Bronzed ; first ventral segment rather sparsely finely punctate. 
Lateral crest of pronotum well developed and strongly angu- 
late, size larger, 15-17 mm. (California; British Colum- 


bia). eo ay Se nimbosa 

Pronotal crest obsolete, sides not angulate; size smaller, 9 

mm. (Georgia; Louisiana)\.:, 30%. 2.<. 2 pee lecontei. 
POLYCESTA. 


In the January number of the Canadian Entomologist, p. 
22, Mr. Schaeffer questions the correctness of my observation 
(ENT. NEwS, 1905, p. 73) as to the form of the last ventral 
segment in males of californica, his suspicions being based 
solely on his study of other species of the genus. In every 
student’s experience instances have occured where it is much 
easier to believe a published statement the result of an obser- 
vational error, than to believe that an insect departs in some 
particular from a type known to prevail in allied forms. Mr. 
Schaeffer’s doubts are perhaps natural enough, but they are 
in this case ill-founded, and I am able to state after a renewed 
examination, that the facts are precisely as recorded by me in 
the article cited. In my own collection and that of Dr. Fen- 
yes are 8$sand 49s of californica. In none of the males is 
the apex of the last ventral produced in the form of a broad 
obtuse parallel sided lobe (as is the case in every one of the 
5%s of elata at hand), the apex of the segment being very 
slightly subtriangularly prominent, the sides scarcely at all 
sinuate, the tip narrowly rounded or subangulate. I should 
have mentioned in my original notes a very obvious sexual 
character pointed out to me by Mr. Blanchard, which e/a¢a and 
californica possess in common. In these two species the first 
ventral segment is broadly swollen or tumid at middle through- 
out its length, the punctuation of this convexity being much 
finer and sparser than the same segment in the female. In 
velasco and arizonica Schaef. this segment is not sexually 
modified. "The Yuma male previous referred to by me under 
velaso, is without much doubt Schaeffer’s recently described 
arizonica. These two forms are certainly very closely allied ; 
so closely that I somewhat doubt their being more than vari- 
etal forms of the same species. | 


ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 167 


MASTOGENIUS. 

impressipennis n. sp. 

r than subcyaneus, black, slightly bronzed, nearly glabrous, mod- 
shining. Head with violaceous tint, rather strongly convex, 
coarsely punctate, with a rather deep circular median fovea. An- 
just passing the hind angles of the prothorax, slender, serrate 
e fourth joint, second joint globose ; third small, much longer 
vide, subequal in length to the second and scarcely more than half 
lon the fourth ; intermediate joints fully twice as long as wide. 
ax two thirds wither than long, widest at apical third, sides feebly 
e and a little convergent behind, more strongly rounded in front, 
sles very slightly obtuse ; surface evenly convex, a small fovei- 
pression near the middle of the side margin ; punctuation rather 
and very dense, with slight tendency to transverse strigosity ; a 
e and faint median impressed line which reaches neither base nor 
Elytra as wide as the basal width of the prothorax. sides parallel 
2-fourths their length, surface a little more coarsely but less den- 
inctate than the prothorax, rather deeply and narrowly impressed 
ng t 1e basal margin, and each with three discal impressions, the an- 
) one. subsutural. Beneath strongly closely punctate, less closely 
ard the ventral apex. Posterior margin of hind coxal plates broadly 
e. Length, 3% mm. | 


#1 Taste, Lower California (Beyer). 
Schaeffer has recently described two species of this 
5 viz.: reticulaticollis from Brownsville, Tex., and robustus 
Arizona. From the former of these impressipennis may 
. be distinguished by the prothoracic and elytral sculp- 
nd from the latter by the impressed front, less trans- 
orothorax, and antennal structure. Swzédcyaneus differs 
by its smaller size, sparser punctuation, differently 
prothorax, antennal structure, etc. Three other species 
Tt genus are known, viz.: Solert 'Thom., from Brazil, and 
icollis Philippi and Rebalielis Sol. from Chile. The last 
ntioned differs from all of our species by the parallel-sided 
rax, which is as long as wide; swicicollis is separable by 
ate thorax, as its name indicates ; of solieri I have seen 
sription. 
icanus n. sp. 
| strongly cuneiform, color dark coppery bronze, elytra with 


vous appressed hairs, forming an obscure basal spot, a diffuse 
band, a narrower better defined fascia near the apical fourth, and 


AGRILUS. 


168 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [May, ’06 


a small subapical spot connected with the Jatter along the suture. An- 
tennz slender, not quite reaching the hind angles of the prothorax, joints 
1-7 longer than wide, 8-10 as wide as long, the serration beginning with 
the fourth joint. Head rather deeply unevenly impressed, coarsely 
closely punctate, the punctures tending to form short strige at some 
points. Prothorax transverse, sides straight and parallel posteriorly, 
feebly arcuately narrowed in front, not sinuate before the hind angles, 
which are strongly carinate ; median line deeply broadly impressed, the 
concavity constricted near the middle and narrowed in front; surface 
transversely strigose at middle, obliquely at sides ; side margin sinuous 
when viewed laterally. Scutellum carinate. Elytra not sinuate at sides, 
just visibly narrowed to behind the middle, thence more strongly so to 
apex, the tips obliquely sinuato-truncate interiorly, margin acutely ser- 
rate; disk flattened along the suture, the depression limited externally 
by a well-defined costa. Beneath with sparse yellowish pubescence 
which is not condensed at sides. Prosternal lobe rather strongly emar- 
ginate. - 

Described from a single specimen given me by Mr. Beyer, 
by whom it was taken at El Taste, Lower California. The 
type isa 8, having the prosternum densely hairy, but with- 
out ventral characters. The front and middle tibiz are mu- 
cronate at tip as usual; the hind tibiz may also be armed 
but the tips are not visible asmounted. ‘The front and middle 
claws are cleft at tip, the posterior with a broader more basal 
tooth. a 

Lucanus would best stand near cavatus as tabulated by Horn. 

In general facies, and especially in the form of the elytral 
apices it departs from the prevailing northern type and ap- 
proaches that of the Mexican species. Dr. Horn is decidedly 
in error in saying* that the tibiae are unarmed in the females 
of all our species of Agri/us. In many species the tibize in 
this sex are armed, the spur or mucro differing from that in 
the male only in being shorter and less conspicuous ; it is, 
however, plain enough in the larger species, especially on the 
niddle and (when present) hind tibize. I have not attempted 
to verify the presence of the terminal spur throughout the 
genus, but the following species among others well illustrate 
the point in question. Cowesiz, cavatus, vittatocollis, bilineatus, 
angelicus, arcuatus, acutipennis, walshinghamt, politus, nivet- 
ventris, 


*Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. XVIII, p. 281. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 169 


Notes on the True Neuroptera. 
By J. F. McCLENDON. 
re (Plate VIII) 
3. A Catalogue of Texas Neuroptera. 


few Neuroptera have been recorded from Texas, and 
riting the following list in the hope that it will en- 
others to make a more thorough study of this inter- 
group in that region. Through the kindness of Dr. 
1ue Henshaw I was allowed to examine the specimens in the 
1m of Comparative Zoology, and Dr. L. O. Howard and 
P. Currie gave me every facility in looking over those 
National Museum. Mr. Nathan Banks, Asst. Ento- 
t, Dept. of Agriculture, let me study his collection, 
contains more Texas material than that of any mu- 
have visited. Most Texas material is scanty and 
labeled ‘‘ Texas,’’ and in some cases the genus only 
be identified. Where the collector's name was not 
| I have inserted the name of the owner or donor of the 


Sak SIALIDA. 
fs SIALIS Latr. (.Sta/is sp.? Austin, McClendon). 


ce .- CORYDALIS Latr. 
Linn., Hagen, ’61,* Columbus, E. A. Schwarz; Austin, McClen- 


Whe . 


WH : 
~Corydalis tex- Fig. 2.—Corydalis tex- Fig. 3.—Corydalis tex” 
view of head ama, ventral view of head ana, febinm and hypophar- 
ray and neck. ynx of larva. 


of Neuroptera of North America, by Hermann Hagen, Smithsonian Institute. 


170 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [May, ’06 


cognata Hag., ’61,* Pecos River, Hagen. 

crassicornis McLach., ’67, Jour. Linn. Soc, Zool., v. 9, p. 233, San 
Antonio, A. Agassiz. 

immabilis McLach., ’67, Jour. Linn. Soc. Zool., v. 9, p. 235, Waco, Bel- 


frage. 
texana Banks, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc., v. 11, p. 239, Laredo, McClendon. 


Fig. 4.—Corydalis tex- Fig. 5.—Corydalis tex- Fig. 30.—Corydalis tex- 


ana, ventral view of thorax. ama, lateral view of thorax. ana, tergites of the thorax. 
RAPHIDIDA. 
RAPHIDIA Linn. 
oculata Banks, ’o5, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., v. 32, p. 4, Austin, 
McClendon. 
MANTISPIDA. 


MANTISPA III. 
brunnea Say, Hagen, ’61, Dallas, Riley; Victoria, Hinds, Morrill ; 
San Antonio, Marlatt. 
interrupta Say, Hagen, ’61, Victoria, Caudell; Brownsville, E. A. 
_ Schwarz, H. Barber; San Antonio, Banks; Austin, McClen- 


don. 
CONIOPTERYGID. 
CONIOPTERYX Halid. (Coniopieryx n sp., Brownsville, Barber). 
CHRYSOPID AS. 
LEUCOCHRYSA McLach. 
antennata Banks, ’05, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., v. 32, p. 5, Brownsville, H. 
Barber. 
americana Banks, ’97, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., v. 4, p. 175, Austin, Mc- 
Clendon. . 
CHRYSOPA Leach, 


oculata Say, Hagen, ’61, Austin. 
rufilabris Burm., Hagen, ’61, Columbus, Schwarz; Victoria, Schwarz ; 
Austin, McClendon. 


y,’06] ~—~—« ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. | 171 


ata Burm., Hagen, ’6r, Austin, McClendon. 

a Fitch, Hagen, 61, Austin, McClendon. 

da Fitch, Hagen, ’61, Greenville, H. Barber; Austin, Mc- 
Clendon. 

a 61, Greenville, H. Barber; Austin, McClendon. 

rUIS MeLach., 69, Ent. Month Mag., ’69, p. 24, Texas, Mc- 
Lach. 

McClendon, ’or, Psyche, v. 9, p. 215; Brownesville, H. Bar- 
ber; Austin, Banks; San Antonio, Banks; Laredo, Mc- 
~ Clendon. \ 
HEMEROBIDZ. 

: HEMEROBIUS Linn. 

nee Fitch, Hagen, ’61, Texas, Belfrage. 

arvus McLach., ’69, Ent. Month. Mag., ’69, p. 21, Texas, Mc- 
Bis: Lachlan. | 


MICROMUS Rambur. 


Plueco, *86, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., ’86, p. 287, Texas, 

-Belfrage. 

Hagen, 61, Columbus, Schwarz. | | 

Walk., B. M. Cat., Neur., p. 283, Victoria, Schwarz; Austin, 
McClendon. 


oy ieee CLIMACIA McLachlan. 
coli: Hagen, ’61, Columbus, Schwarz; Texas, Belfrage. 


LOMAYIA Banks. 
Se: Kaatral Poeun Banks. 


MYRMELEONID&. 
(MYRMELEONINZ. ) 


ACANTHACLISIS Rambur. 
Hagen, ’87-8, Canad. Ent., p. 197, Texas, Hagen. 


DENDROLEON Hagen. 
Say, Hagen, ’61, Blanco Co., Am. Ent. Soc. 


PSAMMOLEON Banks. 

us Walk., Hagen, ’61, Columbus, Riley ; Brownsville and 
Alice, Barber ; Blanco Co., Am. Ent. Soc.; Austin, McClen- 
don. 

| BRACHYNEMURUS Hagen. 

wus Hag., ’87-8, Canad. Ent., p. 93, Blanco Co., Am. Ent. Soc.; 
_ Brownsville, H. Barber; San Diego, Schwarz; College Sta- 
____ tion, Banks ; Carrizo Springs, Hagen ; Anstin, McClendon. 


172 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [May, ’06 


abdominalis Say, Hagen, ’61, Brazos Co., Banks; Victoria, W. E. 
Hinds; Alice, H. Barber; Blanco Co., Am. Ent. Soc.; Dallas, 
Boll; Carrizo Springs, Hagen ; Austin, McClendon. 

longicaudus Burm., Hagen, ’61, Texas, Riley. 

peregrinus Hag., ’61, Matamoros, Hagen.. 

sackeni Hag., ’87-8, Round Mountain, Am. Ent. Soc.; Dallas, Boll. 

irregularis Currie, ’06, Proc. Ent. Soc., Wash.; Columbus, Schwarz. 

hubbardi Currie, ’98, Canad. Ent., v. 30, p. 93,=cockere/ii Banks ; Car- 
rizo springs, Dr. A. Wadgymar ; Columbus, Am. Ent. Soc. 

texanus Banks, ’03, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc., ’03, p. 240, Amarillo, Cock- 
erell ; Laredo, McClendon. 

dorsalis Banks, ’63, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc., ’03, p. 240, Laredo. 

curriei McClendon, ’06, Ent. News, v.17, p. 93, Brownsville, Esperanzo, 
Los Barregos, Barber. 


MYRMELEON Linn. 


immaculatus DeGeer, Hagen, ’61, Texas, Hagen. 

rusticus Hagen, ’61, Brownsville, H. Barber ; Vic- 
toria, Caudell, J. Mitchell, Schwarz ; Co- 
lumbus, San Diego, Schwarz; Pecos 
River, Hagen; Matamoros, Hagen ; 
Austin and Laredo, McClendon. 

texanus Banks, ’00, ENT. NEws, v. II, p. 596, 
Columbus, Schwarz; Galveston, Mc- 


Clendon. 
NEUROPTYNX n. gen. ( = Ptynx Lefeb., preoccu- 
pied). 
juvenilis McLach., ’71, Jour. Linn. Soc. Zool., Fig. 31.—Myrmeleon 
Dallas Boll.; Austin McClendon. rusticus, tergites of 


the thorax. 


ULULODES Currie (U/u/a Ramb.) 
hyalina Latr. Hagen, ’61, Dallas, H. Barber, Boll.; Austin, A. W. Mor- 
rill, McClendon ; Bosque Co., Belfrage ; Columbus, Schwarz ; 
Waco, Galveston and Laredo, McClen- 
don; Brownsville, H. Barber. 


PANORPIDA. 


BITTACUS Latr. 
occidentis Walk., Hagen, ’61, Texas, Banks. 


PANORPA Linn. 


nuptialis Gerst., ’63, Stet. Ent. Zeit. ’63, p. 24, 
Jonesville, Mally; College Station, 
Banks ; Victoria, Calvert, A. W. Morrill ; 
Dallas, Boll; Austin, McClendon, Nor- Fig. 32.—Panorpa nup- 


tialis, tergites of the 
man, thorax. 


. 
gg 
hereon 
J 
me 
r 2 
7 
. 
a 
w 
é 
ing} 
* 
> 


ENT. NEws, Vou. XVII. Pl. VITI. 


THE TRUE NEUROPTERA McCLENDON. 


' , 06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. RS 


EXPLANATION OF FIGURES. — 

accompanying figures are intended to illustrate some points in 
s rnal anatomy. Where appendages are cut off, the cut surface is 
ally shaded with parallel lines. Membranous parts are shaded lightly 


. ABBREVIATIONS, aah 

tenna. g. Gena. | ps. Presternum. 
tecoxal piece. | gw. Gula. - s. Sternum. 

peus. 7, Labrum. s? Sternellum. 

st Clypeus. i. Labium. sc. Prescutum. 

nd Clypeus. | m. Meron. se. Scutum. . 
eer md. Mandible. | sc? Scutellum. 
meron. © mx.Maxilla. sce, Postscutellum. 
sternum. o. Occiput. | Sp. Spiracle. 

nt. pg. Postgena. nian See 2 Trochantine. 


: EXPLANATION OF PLATE VIII. 
_ Raphidia oblita, ventral view of head. 
_Mantispa brunnea, ventral view of prothorax. 
= ye anterior leg. 

| Myrmeteon pusticus dorsal view of head. 

cP meral Sa 7; “<< 


2 . ** posterior view of head. 
ee 9) ventral. | *--** mesothorax. 
oa ee se caudal appendages of female. 
a ee ae ee ‘* male. 
ge ee maxilla. 


eh lateral view of mesothorax. 
Brachynemurus ad magaee anne appendages of female. 
es ss ‘* male. 
Sea et Inner parts shaded. 
ss Ulutodes hyalina, hie. 
be “ caudal appendages of female. 


4 6s “ 


: | male. 
ae  Bittacus strigosus, ‘‘ st ge heise 
Panorpa nuptialis ‘‘ ‘* female ; the abdomen is 


pressed so as to extrude 
the ovipositor, which is 
semi-transparent. 

ae appeadagye of male, dorsal view. 

Hy 4 pas ventral view. 

ventral view of mesothorax. 

3 rf anterior view of head. 

« “ posterior “6 | Sie { 

lateral view of mesothorax. 


174° ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [May, ’06 


On the Perlid Genus Chloroperla. 


By NaTHaNn BANKs. 
The genus Chloroperla was first described by Newman in the 


third volume of the Entomological Magazine, page 500; the 


number for April, 1836. He separates the genus from /erla 
because the subcosta and costa are parallel, and on account of 
the few cross-veins in this region of the wing. Hesays that 
the genus includes several species, and mentions Ch. viridis 
Fabr.,.and Ch. lutea Latr., and describes a new form CA. 
apicalis. In August, 1836, appeared part of Vol. VI, Mandi- 


bulata, of Stephens’ well-known ‘‘ Illustrations,’’ containing, . 


on page 137, the genus Chloroperla Newman MSS. _ This, how- 
ever is not important as Newman’s own publications of the 
name antedates Stephens by several months ; so that the type 
of the genus must be found among the three names given by 
Newman. In 1839 (Mag. Nat. Hist., n. ser., Vol. III, p. 87) 
Newman again treats of the genus Chloroferla, dividing it into 
two sections, aberrant and normal species. Among the normal 
species are the three names of his first article ; vzvzdzs Fabr., 
and /utea Latr., appearing as synonyms of C. flava Foure., a 
possible synonym of C. ¢ripunctata Scop. ‘This synonomy is 
not accepted by European authors, and the three names of 
Newman’s first paper on Chloroperla are reduced to tripunctata 
Scop. and aficalts Newm. Both of these species are placed in 
the genus /sopteryx by the European writers on Perlide. 
Therefore Chloroperla Newm., 1836, replaces /sopteryx, Pict. 


1841. Chloroperla of authors has no synonyms; the species | 


of Leptomeres Rambr., and Dodecatoma Dufour, are placed in 
Tsopteryx. So the Chloroperla of Pictet and later authors is 
without a name. 

In Bull. No. 47, N. Y. State Museum, 1go1, page 417, Mr. 
Needham divides the family Perlidze into two subfamilies— 
Perlinze and Nemourinze. He bases these groups on the con- 
dition of the median vein near base of wing; fused with the 


radius in the Nemourine, distinct and parallel to the radius in © 


the Perlinzee. There are various exceptions to this rule in 
both groups, but especially among those forms previously 
placed in the genus Chloroperla. ‘This character is not of suf- 


a a 


a lay, ’06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 175 


ficient constancy to divide the emmy into two subfamilies, but 
T think it may well be used as of generic value to divide the 
_ Chloroperla of authors into two genera. I therefore do so, 
: using the name /sofer/a for those forms having the median 
vein extending basally parallel to the radius, and AJ/loperla for 
those forms having the median united to the radius at base. 
The Perla bilineata Say, will be the type of /soperla, which 
includes also transmarina Newm., montana Bks., 5-punctata 
| Bks., dbrunneipennis Walsh, and decolorata Walk. The Perla 
 imbecilla Say, will be the type of Adloperia, which includes 
3 also coloradensis Bks, pacifica Bks., signata Bks., borealis Bks., 
| brevis Bks., minuta Bks., marginata Bks., and fallidula Bks. 
_ Alloperla differs chiefly ou: Chloroperla iocadonars by having 
_ a folded anal space to the hind wings. 


<4oe 
=<or- 


Notes on Papilio ajax. 
By R. R. Row ey, Louisiana, Mo. 


‘It is not the writer’s intention in this paper to tire his 
_ readers with a lengthy description of the stages of larval 
_ growth, since these have been carefully worked out by others 
: and the results published, but to record his observations on 
_ the habits of the larva and the imago, with the hope that 
3 _ young collectors at least may gather some inspiration from 
Be: these notes. 
Be Wherever papaw grows there ajax is usually abundant 
_ throughout much of the summer months and from late May 
_ to mid-September this fine swallow-tail may be seen flitting 
aimlessly though the bushes, rarely stopping for a moment. 
Z Even when very abundant, it is not easy to take this ‘‘ fly,”’ 
d nine out of every ten are so injured as to be worthless for 
binet purposes. So fragile are the wing tails that they are 
ten broken in the meshes of the net. 
_ In June of 1900, a veritable ajax year, I took a great num- 
De of these butterflies by decoys. A few ragged specimens 
ak en on the wing were killed and spread upon the ground 
nc leaves of low bushes along a path through the papaw 
atch where they could be seen by the stream of flitting ‘‘flies’’ 
ove. 


ie, 


176 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. (May, ’06 


Restless as their flight seemed to be, many came down to 
the decoys and were easily taken. 

Trying this trick on another year when the butterflies were 
less abundant, the ruse was almost a failure. In June of last 
year I was able to collect numbers of the eggs and young 
larvee and thus secure over a hundred chrysalids from which 
I obtained less than a score of butterflies, the greater number 
of pupze holding over to the next year. These eggs and 
larvee were collected at intervals of a few days each from mid- 
June to mid-August, and the first chrysalids obtained about 
July roth. 

Several even of this first lot of pupze have not yet given 
butterflies nor will till spring. 

No.chrysalids gave imagoes inside of three weeks. In com- 
pany with Mr. EK. A. Dodge on June roth last, I observed an 
ajax ovipositing, mentally marked the leaves and, while one 
of us collected the eggs, the other followed the butterfly and 
thus we were able to secure a dozen or more ova of the same 
female. 

We were surprised to find that she visited only low young 
plants, and even then oviposited only on the tender end leaves 
on the upper side (very rarely on the underside), sometimes, 
however, on the leaf stalk, once on a blade of grass near the 
papaw plant. 

We had learned well a lesson, and after losing sight of our 
tutor, waded into the teasel patch in search of young papaw 
sprouts. Wewere abundantly rewarded with eggs and an 
occasional very young larva. 

The smaller and tenderer the sprouts the greater the re- 
ward. The very small black caterpillars strongly reminding one 
of the larve of tree hoppers, were discovered on the underside 
of the small tender end leaves, their presence indicated by the 
small perforations seen on the upper side of the leaves. ‘The 
larger larvee were always found on the upper side of the leaf, 
that is after the first or second month, to maturity. 

Once seen the eggs are often seen by keen eyes, even with- 
out stooping, but the leaves must be turned to find the imal 
hatched larve. 


706] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. _ 177 


July we found eggs and larve on somewhat larger 
es, say two to four feet high, and on leaves below the 
end ones. Later in the year when fresh leaves are 
all the foliage of the bushes was searched with success, 
> trees (ten to twelve feet high) rarely yielded any- 


eggs are little larger than mustard seeds, spherical, 
een or sometimes streaked or blotched with red, a fea- 
‘ten noticed on the eggs of such sphinges as Smerinthus 
, jatus, S. myops, S. excecatus, and S. modestus. ‘The 
k eggs we saw were, doubtless, parasitized. 
| the searches for eggs and larve of ajax, eggs and larvee 
1e ‘‘hawk,’’ Dolba hyleus were often found, these latter 
iffering from the former in size, mainly being deposited 
underside of the leaf (rarely on the upper side). 
course there is no mistaking the larva of Doda, as it is 
reen, slender, with caudal horn and sphingial bands. 
stages of the larva of ajax the thoracic region is swol- 
The odor from the retractile thoracic tubes of the larva 
cis stronger than and entirely different from that of 
bilio larvee with which the writer is acquainted. 
chrysalids we obtained, about one-twelfth only were 
the rest being light reddish or yellowish-brown. 
other Papilios, ajax is often seen in great bunches at 
indy or muddy places, but more rarely at flowers. The 
variation in this insect is well-known to collectors as 
e differences in the depth of the coloration. 


40> 
<~+or 


; Biesuned Cocoons of Telea polyphemus. 
By Dr. R. E. Kunze&, Phoenix, Arizona. 


ng the season of 1889 and including 1892, I collected 
se numbers of Saturnian cocoons, within a radius of two 
sn miles from New York City, which were exchanged at 
ym ; c of sent abroad. The localities included the banks of the 
rlem River, Palisades, the Hudson, swamps of the Hacken- 
< and the Passaic Rivers, low lands of the tongue of land 
n New York and Newark Bay, Staten Island, Flatbush, 


ol oklyn and Long Island City. 


178 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [May, ’06 


Asa rule I found most of the stemmed Aolyphemus cocoons 
on the lowermost limbs of shade trees, such as the cut-leaved 
maple lining the streets and avenues of cities. This habit of 
fastening such coccons on trees of public highways, must be 
accounted for in my mind as a protection against birds, as 
well as being stepped upon or crushed by pedestrians and 
vehicles. 

On the other hand the same cocoons spun up in the leaf of 
white birch, nine times out of ten, would be defoliated and 
drop to the ground, where, if not destroyed by mice, would 
develop into imagines of this race unless parasitized. 

I very seldom found a stemmed cocoon on white birch, and 
collected hundreds by turning over leaves in the winter under 
low-growing bushes, and usually on the banks of streams or 
the roadside of suburban parks. 

Quite the contrary with stemmed cocoons found on low trees 
of bush-like growth of swamp or pin oak. I will recall a 
locality in the heart of a suburb of Jersey City, known then as 
Bayonne, on a narrow stripe of land bordering on New York 
Bay on the east, and Newark Bay west of it. Only two blocks 
from the New Jersey Central R. R., with handsome residences 
all around, were two squares, where the topography admitted 
of no residences. The year round this ideal winter collecting 
ground was under water from 12 to 18 inches deep, and shel- 
tered birds, butterflies and moths. There must have been 
warm springs in these two city blocks, because only on the 
coldest days, with the mercury near the zero mark, could I 
venture to collect in this marshy place. Thus being less than 
a quarter mile from either bay, the property could not be 
drained. . 

In this swamp I collected one winter, mostly in January, 
some two hundred and fifty cocoons of polyphemus alone, hun- 
dreds of promethea and a few of cecropia cocoons. During the 
same winter I sent to Prof. Levi P. Mengel, of Reading, Pa., 
350 cocoons of polyphemus, and over 3000 cecropia cocoons, 
all collected with the exception of polyphemus on Jersey City 
Heights and environs. ‘To refer back to polyphemus cocoons 
I collected from swamp oak, they were dangling from defolia- 
ted branchlets like nuts from a Christmas tree. 


, 706] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 179 


tseems to me that the larva of polyphemus took this man- 
of spinning up on the branchlets of this oak, to prevent its 
g in the water, where in due course of time it would 
frozen to death. About one mile from Bayonne, at a 
b known as Greenville, I found on higher ground, 
reds of white birch bushes, with almost every cocoon of 
emus spun in leaf and certain to drop below during 
mn gales. 
- wish 1 to add my pe regarding the habit of 7. poly- 
, for the safety of this race, which I was put in mind 
a note by Miss Caroline Soule, in the December ENT. 
~ Vol. XVI. 
‘DIT. DRIAL NoteE.—We do not believe this caterpillar sufficiently intel- 
to make stemmed cocoons over highways. The absence of the 


cocoons in such places is accounted for by the fact that they 
pepidly be swept away by the ordinary traffic of the street or high- 


. Riley’ s article with this title in the April News, page 113, I had 
1 out, to my class in Invertebrate Zoology, some transverse sections 
grasshopper. On looking at one of the students’ slides I noticed 
two sections of a Malpighian tube within the heart, but thought their 
ence there to be due to displacement in clearing the sections and dis- 
-the paraffin. Dr. Riley’s article recalled this appearance and when 
ss met to study the sections, I at once saw that we had another 
those apparently rare cases which Dr, Riley has described. Fortu- 
ly, I still had enough sections of this grasshopper on hand to give 
lowing account of the course of this Malpighian tube. It entered 
¢ “ig surface of the heart by a cardio-coelomic aperture, at a level 
‘in front of the hind end of the stomach, passed forward, within 
art, to a level slightly anterior to that of the hind end of the gastric 
t upon itself and passed backward, still within the heart, to at 
5 far as the level of the anterior part of the rectum. A gap in the 
sections of this region exists so that I am unable to state whether 
terminated within the heart, or whether it passed out into the 
al chamber as in Kowalevsky’s case reported by Dr. Riley. 
é sshopper was also a Melanoplus, probably W. femur-rubrum, and 
le. I do not recall having seen any other instance of a Malpighian 
within the heart, and I would endorse Dr. Riley’s view that such 
rences are accidental.—Puitie P. CaLvert, University of Pennsyl- 
, Philadelphia. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 


[The Conductors of ENTOMOLOGICAL News solicit and will thankfully receive items 
of news likely to interest its readers from any source. The author’s name will be given 
in each case, for the information of cataloguers and bibliographers.] 


“4 


To Contributors.—All contributions will be considered and passed upon at out 
earliest convenience, and, as far as may be, will be published according to date of recep- 
tion. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEws has reached a circulation, both in numbers and circumfer- 
ence, as to make it necessary to put “ copy ’’ into the hands of the printer, for each num- 
ber, three weeks before date of issue. This should be remembered in sending special or 
important matter for a certain issue, Twenty-five ‘‘ extras,” without change in form, 
will be given free, when they are wanted ; and this should be so stated on the MS., along 
with the number desired. The receipt of all papers will be acknowledged.—Ep. 


PHILADELPHIA, Pa., MAy, 1906. 


Several times we have published comments on articles 
noticed in medical journals and called attention to the neces- 
sity of medical colleges giving a course on the principles of 
entomology, in view of the fact that so many diseases are 
carried by insects. The quotation below is from the April, 
1906, ‘‘ Medical Brief,’’ page 282, and carries us back before 
the time of Dr. Francesco Redi, who lived about 1618. Ithas 
been questioned whether such a statement as that in the 
‘* Brief’ is meant seriously, but from articles we have seen in 
other medical journals and from conversation with some medi- 
cal men there can be no question about it. 

‘“Take the human seed germs (spermatozoa), put them 
upon a plate, first spreading some alkaline nourishment upon 

the plate ; for instance a little soap, place the plate in a room 
of proper temperature, and in sixteen to twenty-four hours, 
swarms of avfs will be running about. In other words, these 
living human germs placed under this different condition other 
than the mother soil, develop into ants. These little fellows 
can be watched and be seen to gradually develop and start off 
onthe run. This would evidently appear that living germs, 
when placed by accident, or otherwise, under very different 
conditions, produce very different forms of life. But what 
relationship do we owe to the ant? Perhaps this is why the 
claim is made that the ant has more cheretieeee of the 
human being than any other animal.’’ 


180 


ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 181 


Notes and News. 


INTOMOLOGICAL GLEANINGS FROM ALL QUARTERS 
| OF THE GLOBE. 


A. T..SLosson has gone to Lake Toxaway, North Carolina, to 
month. 


-DATE METHODS IN ENTOMOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS.—Separ- 
n the Journal of the New York Entomological Society for Decem- 
6 (which will be published seven months hence), have been dis- 
by the Government. These separates bear date of March 14, 
d were distributed April 17, 1906. This paper describes ‘‘ The 
f Culicidz classified as Independent Organisms. By Harrison 


ire dates is highly interesting. Species herein described conflict 
> made known in the Canadian Entomologist and ENTOMOLOGI- 
; for April, 1906.* Of course the names in the News and Can- 


; paper but only to refer to the dates and the fact that species 
ribed from larve alone. In looking overit we have come to the 
that the future synonomy, etc., will be somewhat like a Chinese 
d reminds us of the question, How old is Ann? We expecta 
y describing species from the egg or pupa alone.—HENRY 


Omaha, April 29, 1906. 
News : Gentlemen—Enclosed please find a paper which I wish 


San Francisco, Dec. 31, 1905. 
Rs NEws: Gentlemen.—I enclose a paper for the News, which 
appear in the next number. Yours truly, JoHN GREEN. 

e | New York, April 30, 1906. 

s News: I have just moved; please change my address and 


; Manayunk, April 30, 11.59 P. M. 

s News: Gentlemen.—Enclosed please find paper for the 
s. I know you have received fifty papers ahead of mine, but 
nine in the next number. If the News is printed, kindly have a 
dition struck off and insert my paper in it. Yours truly, JoHN 


above are only samples.—EDITOoRs). 


“T HOLD it is not decent for a scientific gent 
To call another one an ass—or words to that intent. 
Nor should the individual who happens to be meant 
_ Reply by heaving rocks at him to any great extent.” 
gee —‘* TRUTHFUL JAMES.”’ 


ex sylvicola Grossbeck and Jativittatus Coq. 


182 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [May, ’06 


Pror. BERLESE’S APPARATUS FOR COLLECTING ARTHROPODS.—Prof. 
L. O. Howard’s account of the Berlese apparatus for collecting small 
arthropods (Ent. NEws, 1906, pp. 49°53), reminds me of a simpler 
method tried many years ago with great success by the late R. Lawson, 
of Scarborough, England. Instead of the metal funnel to be warmed by 
het water, he used a similarly shaped suspended canvas bag, and drove 
the insects downward by placing rags saturated with ammonia above the 


material on the sieve. The result was the same, everything wanted fall-. 


ing into the tube of alcohol at the bottom.—G. C. CHAmpion, Horsell, 
Woking, England. 


———_—__—_ 


Doings of Societies. 


A meeting of the Entomological Section of the Academy of 
Natural Sciences of Philadephia was held Nov. 23, 1905, Mr. 
H. W. Wenzel, Vice-Director, presiding. Sixteen persons 


were present. The presentation of 3,167 specimens of Ichneu- 


monoidea, including types, by Mr. G. C. Davis, was announced 
by the conservator. Dr. Calvert exhibited a map showing local- 
ities in Mexico from whence he had recently received Odonata. 
Every collection showed interesting material in either species 
new to Mexico and Central America or showing new distribu- 
tion. MNVephefeltia phryne, which has a curious spine on the 
metasternum, was exhibited from Guatemala. Dr. Skinner 
described dragon-fly collecting in the Huachuca Mts., So. 
Arizona. Mr. Rehn spoke of the Orthoptera he had recently 
received from Costa Rica and of a paper on the material. Two 
thousand specimens, 300 species, were under observation, of 


which 56 proved new. Mention was made of the various col- | 


lections examined for the report. Mr. Daecke said he had 
found a nest of Vespa carolina at Riverton, New Jersey. He 
had taken both sexes and the workers and found V. carolina 
and I’. cuneata to be the same species; the female queens were 
carolina and the males and workers cuneata. ‘The nest was 
about twelve inches in diameter. The entrance was described 
as being papered and nicely built, the tunnel being nine inches 
long: Dr. Calvert spoke of the importance of a description of 
such a nest, as the subject was not well known. Mr. Wenzel 


said his son Harry had caught a lively male of Vespa german- — 


zca on January first. Mr. EK. T. Cresson, Jr., was elected a 
member, and Mr. Oscar Mayer an associate. | 
HENRY SKINNER, Recorder, 


iy, 06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 183 


itural Sciences of Philadelphia was held Dec. 28, 1905. Mr. 
i a Laurent, Director, presiding. Twelve persons were 
ent. Mr, Franklin, of Amherst, Mass., visitor. Mr. 
flatthews, exhibited several short-tailed specimens of Papilio 
: / = reared from chrysalids received from San Francisco, 
California. Mr. Franklin made some remarks on the nests of 
mbus, having examined thirty. He found carbon bisul- 
e the best medium to quiet bees. In his opinion Bombus 
ylvanicus is the commonest species in the vicinity of Am- 
st, Mass., judging by the number of nests. Some remarks 
also made on the possible correlation of sexes of some of 
: 4 ies. Mr. E. TI. Cresson described methods used by 
: s elf in previous years in collecting specimens of this genus. 
anklin remarked that the only specimens of the genus 
in early spring were queens. ‘The following were elected 
ve as officers for the year 1906: Director, Philip Laur- 
Vice-Director, H. W. Wenzel ; Treasurer, E. T. Cresson ; 
° der, Henry Skinner ; Secretary, Frank Haimbach ; Con- 
ator, Henry Skinner; Publ. Committee, C. W. Johnson, 
I. Ridings. ; J. A. G. REHN, Recorder pro tem. 


eeting of the Entomological Section of the Academy of 
‘al Sciences of Philadelphia washeld Jan. 25, 1906. Mr. 


resent. Mr. Bradley exhibited plates of Evaniidee show- 
the various anatomical characters including neuration. 
icters separating genera and species were shown and ex- 
‘d. Mr. Bradley also spoke of his last summer’s trip to 
elkirk Mountains in British Columbia. Many insects of 
rest were taken although little of the material has as yet 
n studied. Some pictures of the scenery of the locality 
were shown. He said at 6,000 ft. altitude a Leptid was found 

hich bit. Dr. Skinner exhibited some photos of dragon-fly 
ings and said they had been photographed against the light 
h a ground-glass background. ‘This method showed the 
ration in a satisfactory manner. It is a good method where 
he wings are to be enlarged and not removed from the body. 
© ale, said at Cornell University the wings were removed 


184 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [May, ’06 


and photographed, then the wings were kept separately and 
mounted on glass. Mr. Rehn exhibited a box of Orthoptera 
from Labuan, British North Borneo, a small island, to show 
diversity. He also made some remarks on the genus 77vimero- 
tropis. A large amount of material from the west had been 
studied. ‘The color characters used by McNeill in his revision 
were not considered of very great importance for specific deter- 
mination. ‘The intergradational color patterns were illustrated 
by black-board sketches. 

Dr. Calvert showed a series of tropical dragon-flies, Evythro- 
diplax connata, showing various color phases. Specimens with 
a red frons and others with a blue frons, described as different 
species, were shown by intergradations to be the same thing. 
Mr. Howard A. Snyder said, in October he had spent a few 
weeks in the Bermuda Islands but did not find any insects not 
found in the United States, probably on account of the near- 
ness of the islands. The character of the climate and flora 
was mentioned and the insects taken exhibited. Dr. Calvert 
mentioned Verrill’s work on the islands. 

HENRY SKINNER, Kecorder. 


' A meeting of the Entomological Section of the Academy of 
Natural Sciences of Philadelphia was held March 22, 1906, Mr. 
Philip Laurent, Director, presiding. Ten persons were pres- 
ent, including Mr. W. M. Beutenmuller, of New York, visitor. 
The latter presented two hundred specimens of Coleoptera 
taken in the Black Mts., North Carolina. Mr. Beutenmuller 
spoke of the necessity of protecting valuable collections from 
fire, and gave a diagram of the plan for protecting the insect 
department of the American Museum of Natural History in 
New York. Mr. Rehn said he had recently determined some 
. Tonkin Orthoptera for Mr. Chas. Schaeffer of the Brooklyn 
Institute. A fine walking-stick and four katydids were new. 

HENRY SKINNER, ecorder. 


A meeting of the American Entomological Society was held: 
December 28, 1905, Dr. P. P. Calvert, President, in the chair. 
Twelve persons were present. The report of the Treasurer 


May, ’06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 185 


was read, in which he stated there was a balance on hand of 
$1,262.97. Mr. E. T. Cresson, Jr., was elected a member. 
The following were elected officers to serve for the coming 
year: President, Philip P. Calvert ; Vice-President, H. W. 
Wenzel; Treasurer, E. T. Cresson; Recording Secretary, 
Henry Skinner ; Corres. Secty., Frank Haimbach; Curator, 
Henry Skinner; Librarian, E. T. Cresson, Jr. Publication 
Committee: E. T. Cresson, C. F. Seiss, B. H. Smith. Execu- 
tive Committee: P. Laurent, H. W. Wenzel, Frank Haim- 
bach. Finance Committee: J. W. McAllister, C. S. Welles, 
D. M. Castle. HENRY SKINNER, Secretary. 


A meeting of the American Entomological Society was held 
Feb. 15, 1906, Mr. H. W. Wenzel, Vice-Director, presiding. 
Nine persons were present. ‘Theannual report of the Curator 
was read. Mr. Laurent said he had first used chip fruit bas- 
kets for shipping insects about fifteen years ago, and spoke of 
their value for this purpose. Since that time they had been 
used more or less by entomologists. 

HENRY SKINNER, Secretary. 


At the meeting of the Feldman Collecting Social, held Feb- 

_ Yuary 26, 1906, at the residence of Mr. H. W. Wenzel, 1523 
So. 13th St., Philadelphia. Eight persons were present. Mr. 
Carl Schaeffer, visitor. A letter from Dr. Dyar was read, in 
which he states that Pamphila manataagua and cernes are con- 
generic. Mr. H. Wenzel read a very interesting note on 


: Omus from a letter which he had received from Mr. Ralph 


7 Hopping, of Kaweah, Calif. The writer says ‘‘I take O. zn- 


a termedius in one place only (Colony Road, Tulare Co., Calif.), 
3,500 to 4,500 ft.; O. sublaevis in pine forest, 5,000 to 7,000 
ft. The smooth form 0. Jaevis occurs 8,000 to 10,000 ft. in 


= my locality, but I have never had the luck to find it. Dr. 
_ Walther Horn’s elevations for this form are incorrect. The 
collector unintentionally misinformed him. I went to a great 
deal of trouble to prove these elevations. ‘The collector sent 
mea map marking the exact location, and from my intimate 
_ knowledge of the trails in the Sierras I was able to place the 


186 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [May, ’06 


exact locations.’’ Mr. Huntington spoke about photography 
as it was applied by the Canadian Government in surveying the 
Rocky Mountains of Canada. Mr. Schaeffer spoke of the dif- 
ficulty of collecting Cicindela santaclare on the plains at Pal- 
merlee, Ariz. Mr. Schaffer exhibited some species of the 
genus Anomala, among them being four entirely new and four 
being new to North America; one species being from Lower 
California, two from Texas and others from Arizona. 
F. HarmBacu, Secretary. 


A meeting of the Feldman Collecting Social was held March 
21, 06, at the residence of Mr. Henry W. Wenzel, 1523S. 13th 
St., Philadelphia, Mr. Erich Daecke, President, in the chair. 
Members present: Daecke, Wenzel, Laurent, A. Hoyer, 
Seiss, Harbeck, Castle and Skinner. Mr. Wm. Beutenmuller, 
New York, visitor. The minutes of the last meeting were 
read and approved. Mr. Wenzel said he had received a num- 
ber of postals from our fellow-member, Prof. J. B. Smith, who 
_ isabroad. Mr. Beutenmuller said he had collected a number 
_ of Staphylinidee during trips to the mountains of North Caro- 
lina in the last five years. Nine species of Oxyporus were 
taken. /emoralis and major werecommon. ‘The other species 
found were s/ygicus, vittatus, fasciatus, bicolor, lateralis, lepidus 
5-maculatus. ‘They were all taken in the fall execpt stygicus, 
which was found in May. Dr. Castle said he had found O. 
major plentiful at Angora, Pa., in the fall. On March roth, — 
Mr. Harbeck said he took five species of diptera, seventeen 
specimens, at Germantown, Phila., including Fucellia fucorum, 
which only appeared while the sun was shining. Mr. Wenzel 
exhibited a pair of Strataegus splendens from ‘Tybee Island, 
Ga., taken by H. A. Wenzel. Mr. Daecke reported having 
been out collecting on March 11th, and took a dipterous larva 
feeding on spider eggs and some other hibernating imagos 
and larve. Ina small spot protected from the cold, he took 
some insects on wild honeysuckle. In a box of farina he found 
an imago and many larve of Ephestia kuehniella. 

Dr. Skinner invited the Social to meet at his home at the 
next meeting (April). HENRY SKINNER, Recorder pro tem. 


Fs Sg SEE AIT eS 


pacing ee oe 


ak ed ‘TIAX “IOA ‘SMAN “LNG 


ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 


D 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION 


ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA. 


Vou. XVII. JUNE, 1906, No. 6. 
CONTENTS: 
Wright—Ruins of the Academy of Sci- Sanderson—Texas Notes—I........... 210 
ences, San Francisco.............. 187 | Weber—Notes on mosquitoes.......... 214 
Taylor—On some new species of Geo- Skinner—A new Cantharis............. 217 
metrid moths from Arizona and Tower—A new method of preparing 
Dag). oksis os «oe sp ano 0's 188 wings and other parts of insects 
‘Caudell—Autolyca doylei, a new Phas- SOM SINE Ns cs aac: tu kip seen he a4 218 
mid from So. America............. 192 | Cockerell—A new Sawfly.............. 220 
Banks—A rock-boring mite............ TOs ny MELLO ION wie Bic hides Caw web tec eOa Coad ks 221 
Weeks—New species of butterflies.... 195 | Notes and News...........scecceeueees 222 
Pergande—Description of two new Domes of SOCieties 0 oc ckacsehe se avees 226 
genera and three new species of Obituary—Mr. Roland Hayward ...... 230 
ET 205 


Ruins of the Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, Cal. 
By W. G. WRIGHT. 


(Plate IX) 

This view was taken during a rainstorm after the fire of 
April 18, 1906, and is more of a side view than a front view. 
The street along which men are walking is Market Street. 

The main entrance to the Academy is the arched opening 
under the left electric light. 

The most of the front of the building is fallen down, but 
some three or four windows of the front part are shown in the 
photo. 

The Museum Building is at the left, the walls mostly stand- 
ing nearly intact, but it is licked clean by fire, inside, and 
probably is unfit for rebuilding. 

The space in front of, or at the right of the Museum Build- 
ing, and between it and Market Street, was occupied by fine 
Stores on the ground floor, and by suites of offices in the upper 


stories ; from the rental of these stores and offices the Academy 
received its chief income. 


187 


188 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS, [June, ’06 


On some New Species of Geometrid Moths from 
Arizona and California. 


By GrEorGE W. TAYLOR, Wellington, B. C. 


The forms, described in the present paper, are all of them 
apparently new to science. The first named is in the collection 
of the United States National Museum, and for the privilege 
of examining and describing it I have to thank Dr. Harrison 
G. Dyar. ‘The other forms described are all in my own cabinet. 


1. Melemaca virgata n. sp. 

This is a very beautiful insect which I thought at first might be JZ, mag- 
dalena Hulst, but the arrangement of the lines on the fore-wings is not 
the same, and Dr. Dyar, who has kindly sent me a rough sketch of the 
type of magda/lena, assures me that it is not that species. Front and 
thorax pale yellow, palpi a little darker. Ground color of wings orange 
yellow. Fore-wings with two bands or stripes, one (outer) running from 
the apex of the wing to the middle of the inner margin, and the other (sub- 
costal) from the junction veins 7 and 8 to the base of the wing. The color 
of the first-named stripe is olive greenish, bordered with a narrow deep 
red line on the inner side and by a conspicuous white stripe on the outer 
side. Towards the apex of the wing the red line becomes much wider 
and the olive line narrower. The subcostal stripe is bordered below by 
a red line and above by a white band, which is followed by a red stripe, 
the costa itself being of the ground color of the wing. The submargina] 
space is orange, becoming red at the tornus; fringe pale yellow. The 
hind-wings are pale orange, the color deepening from base outwardly 
until a reddish line is formed running in a regular curve from the apical 
angle to the middle of the inner margin. This is followed by a paler 
shade, and again towards the margin the color deepens. Fringe paler 
as on the fore-wings. Beneath, the color is paler, the lines of the fore- 
wings are reproduced faintly and the extreme apex is bright red. The 
hind-wings are quite pale. No discal points visible either above or below. 

Expanse 28 mm. 


Type.—One %. Huachuca Mts., Arizona, July 16-23. In 
U. S. Nat. Museum. 


2. Hydriomena multipunctata n. sp. 

Palpi rather large and stout, black on outside, grey on inner side and at 
tip. Front dark grey. Thorax concolorous with fore-wings. Fore-wing 
with costa almost straight for three-fourths of its length, then sharply 
curved so as to make a right angle with the outer margin. Color of fore- 
wing light fawn. 1n the central area the ground color is overlaid with a 
smoky shade, forming a band across the wing but not limited by lines. 


d 
4 
4 
s 

7 


June, ’06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 189 


All veins dotted with alternate white and dark brown dots as in the sub- 
marginal area of fore-wing in Zenophleps lignicolorata. A dark brown 
discal dot and faint indications of two or three parallel lines in the central 
band. A marginal row of black dots, one dot on each side of each vein, 
fringe concolorous with wing. Hind wings smoky grey, darker outwardly. 
In the submarginal area the veins are dotted as in the fore-wings. A 
small brown discal dot and marginal black dots as on the fore-wings. 
Under surface of all wings darkened with smoke color, and on the outer 
third the veins are dotted as above. The marginal black dots are also 
reproduced. Expanse 37 mm. 


Described from one ¢. Mountains near Claremont, Cali- 
fornia. Collected by Prof. C. F. Baker, who has generously 
placed the specimen in my collection. 

This species has a slight resemblance at first sight to Zeno- 
phileps lignicolorata, but it may be at once distinguished by the 
thickened and flattened antenna of the male. In Zenophleps 
the antennze of the males are pectinated. 

There is not any other North American Geometer known to 
me to which H. multipunctata bears any near resemblance. 


3. Hydriomena magnificata n. sp. 

This is a species somewhat resembling /ydriomena speciosata 
Packard but very much larger. The type specimen has an 
expanse of 45 mm., while sfeciosata ranges from 35 to 40 mm. 

The prevailing colors are black and green, but in the type 
(which has been relaxed) the green tints have faded, as such 
tints generally do, to a light clay color. 


Palpi long, porrect, green, with spots of black, the extreme tip green. 
Front green. Thorax green with black spots at sides and a conspicuous 
black dorsal spot. Abdomen silky grey with black dorsal spots on the 
posterior segments, the base of the terminal tuft being also conspicuously 
black. The fore-wings green with black blotches, which appear to be 
parts of six broken transverse lines. The extreme base of the wing is also 
black. The first three lines are intradiscal and are separate and con- 
spicuous on the costa, but are united with an irregularly-shaped blackish 
blotch, enclosing a green spot, on the inner margin. ‘The fourth line is 
extradiscal and is marked by about five narrow black blotches on the 
veins. It does not reach the inner margin. The fifth line is in the sub- 
marginal space and consists of a square black blotch on the costa, a much 
larger one between veins 6 and 4 and a third extending irregularly from 
vein 3 to the outer angle of the wing. The sixth line forms an irregular 
margin to the wing. The fringe is pale outwardly, darker at base and 


190 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [June,.’06 


cut with distinct black pencils of scales at end of veins, a few white scales 
being on each side of the pencils of black ones. The hind-wings are clear 
grey with a few dark marginal cloudings; fringe pale, slightly marked 
with black at ends of veins. Beneath, the markings of the upper surface 
are rather distinctly reflected. 


Described from one ¢. Cochise Co., Arizona, March 4th. 

It is possible that this very handsome species may be in 
some collections as sfeciosata Packard, but the true sPectosata 
is, as pointed out above, not nearly so large and has moreover 
an unspotted thorax and abdomen, and lacks the reflected 
markings on the under side of the primaries. 


4. Macaria quadrifasciata n. sp. 

Male antennz dentate fasciculate, more like P*i/obia than Macaria. 
Palpi and front dark yellow ochre. Wings, thorax and abdomen pale 
yellowish fawn, rather thickly covered with specks of a darker tint. 
Fore-wing crossed by four lines. The basal curved out from costa then 
straight to inner margin. Intra- and extra-discal lines are parallel to each 
other and to the basal line. The distance between the basal and intra- 
discal is only half as great as that between the intra- and extra-discal lines. 
The submarginal line is quite straight, running from costa about 1 mm. 
from apex to the internal angle. Hind wings with three lines (basal ob- 
solete), no discal spot, fringe concolorous with wings. Beneath, all the 
markings are reproduced lines rather diffuse; the extreme margin of 
wings marked by fine black points between the veins. Expanse 32 mm. 


Described from one @. Cochise Co., Arizona, July 8, 1904. 
The type was badly broken in a trip to Washington and back, 
but the species seems so distinct that I venture to describe the 
fragments. 

The type specimen has lost the hind tibia, I cannot therefore 
be quite sure that the species belongs to M/acaria. I think, 
however, that I am right in so placing it. 


5. Enemera simularia n. sp. 

Expanse 38 mm. 

This moth is smaller than Californian or British Columbian 
specimens of /. juturnaria, but about the same size as speci- 
mens of that species from Arizona. 

It is very similar to juturvnaria on the upper side, the main 
difference being in the single extradiscal line. In juturnaria 
this line leaves the costa at about two-thirds distance from 


— 


OF a pes ah OT — 
NS eet hay eh ae eo: 


Ps ™ 
, re eyes 
their 


June, ’06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. IgI 


base. It curves regularly outward, being most distant from 
base at vein 4, thence it curves inward to the inner margin. 

In stmularia this line commences almost exactly in the mid- 
dle of the costa proceeding towards the centre of the outer 
margin in an almost straight line to vein 5, then turning at an 
obtuse angle and running in a straight line to the inner margin. 

On the under side the difference is greater. An extradis- 
cal line divides each wing into two parts. The outer half of 
each wing is very dark—on the hind wings nearly black. 

The course of the extradiscal line on the hind wings is 
peculiar. The ends of the line are not at the middle of the 
costa and the middle of the inner margin. From each end the 
lines curves regularly towards outer margin, forming an acute 
angle on vein 5, recalling the median line on the underside of 
secondaries in Cenocalpe annellata or Marmopteryx marmorata. 

Types 1 9 andr % in poor condition. Pasadena, Califor- 
nia. Mr. F. Grinnell, July 22 and 29, 1903. 


6. Eupithecia helena n. sp. 

Palpi long and bushy, white, with a few black scales, tip black. 
Front, head and thorax dull white. with slight ochre tint. Abdomen 
same color, but with rather more of the ochre tint on the anterior 
segments; the last two segments greyish. Dorsal tufts small, black. 
Fore wings dull white, overlaid with brownish scales. Basal area 
blackish. Basal line double. Intradiscal line double, distinct on 
- costa, faint across the wing, regularly curved, parallel with basal line. 
The space between basal and intradiscal lines is occupied by a broad, 
rusty brown, regularly curved band. Extradiscal lines double, white, 
wavy, very conspicuous on the costa, divided by a fine brown line; the 
inner white line is marked on inner side on each vein by a black dot. 
The course of these extradiscal lines is straight from the costa to vein 7, 
then evenly rounded out to vein 2, then in 2 or 3 scallops to the inner 
margin. Discal spots large rusty brown. Beyond the extradiscal line 
there is a rusty brown band which is almost continuous from. costa to the 
inner margin. This is bounded by a distinct, white, wavy, submarginal 
line. The marginal space is dark grey. Marginal line distinct, black, 
hardly interrupted at the veins. Fringe long, color of the wings, marked 
at base with faint brown spots. Hind wings, color of fore wings, crossed 
by 7 or 8 dusky grey indistinct lines. The outermost being the most 
prominent. A submarginal white line and a marginal black one as on 
fore wings. Discal spot lengthened, blackish. Beneath, white, with 
indications of all the lines as alone. The rusty brown bands of the upper 
side show as dark grey bands below, and there is in addition a rather 


192 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS, [June, ’06 


conspicuous dark grey line marking the inner edge of the extradiscal 
lines. In the hind wings there are two extradiscal dark grey bands, the 
other lines being represented by faint indications only. Discal spots on 
all wings black, diffuse ; marginal lines black, very distinct. Legs greyish 


white, the anterior pair banded with black, posterior pair wanting. Ex- > 


panse 26 mm. 

Type.—One specimen from Pinal Mountains, Arizona, July 
9, 1900. 

In coloring this species recalls &. mevadata Packard, but in 
the present species the large costal blotch over the discal spot 
which is so conspicuous in zevadata and its allies is wanting. 
The wings in helena are also much rounder, the outer margins 
being very full. In the shape of the wings and the arrange- 
ment of the markings, but not in color, this species rather 
nearly agrees with /. fogata (Hubner) of Europe. 


Autolyca doylei, a new Phasmid from So. America. 
By A. N. CAUDELL, Washington, D. C. 


Male.—Elongate, black, not shining, unarmed ; the entire insect, inclu- 
ding the legs and antennz, covered with inconspicuous, fine, short black 
hairs. Head as broad as long, the posterior half of the top and sides 
yellowish ; antennz black, longer than the body. Pronotum about one- 
fourth longer than broad; mesonotum about one and one-half times as 
long as the pronotum and but slightly longer than the metanotum, inclu- 
ding the intermediary segment, which is not quite as long as the metano- 
tum proper. Abdomen apically much swollen and, in the only specimen 
seen, curved strongly upward ; segments 1-6 quadrate or barely elongate, 
the three terminal segments transverse ; the scoop-shaped ventral pro- 
cess of the seventh segment is broad and reaches to the tip of the abdo- 
men ; cerci stout, clavate and incurved, as long as the terminal segment 
of the abdomen and descending from beneath that segment at nearly 
right angles. Legs black, except the ventral surface of the tarsi, which 


is yellowish brown; anterior femora not noticeably curved at the base; 


all the tibiz areolate- below and slightly longer than their respective 
femora and not quite twice as long as their tarsi; all the femora, as well 
as the tibiz, dully and inconspicuously carinate, the posterior femora 
reaching nearly to the apex of the sixth abdominal segment. Length :— 
pronotum, 4 mm.; mesonotum, 5.5 mm.; metanotum, including the 
intermediate segment, 5 mm. ; anterior femora, 13 mm. ; intermediate 
femora, 10.5 mm.; posterior femora, 15 mm.; width, head, 3.5 mm.; pro- 
notum, 3.5 mm. ; basal segment of the abdomen, 3 mm.; apical segment 
of the abdomen, 4.25 mm, 


oat 


———_- ” is —* 


June, ’06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 193 


Type No. 9629, U. S. Nat: Mus. 
One male, taken by C. B. Doyle, at an altitude of 2950 
_ meters at Tierra Adentro, Central Cordillera, Dept. of Cauca, 
Colombia, South America, headwaters of the Palo River, in 
January, 1906. 

‘This interesting insect, which is named after the collector, 
is easily distinguished from the other members of the genus by 
the elongate form and especially by the coloration of the head. 


40% 
=<0r 


A Rock-boring Mite. 


By NATHAN BANKS. 


In the fall of 1904, Prof. J. H. Comstock sent me some 
pieces of rocks taken from a limestone cliff that is moistened 
by the fall of water. The surface contained numerous small 
cavities or pits of varying sizes. Most of them had a narrowed 
orifice, and within each pit was found a mite, approximately 
of the size of the pit. Although, of course, a mite of such 
habits must be called ‘‘Aetvophagus,’’ I have no idea that rock 
forms any part of its diet. The surface of the stone to a short 
depth is somewhat softened, doubtless by the action of the 
water, and it is probable that in the minute holes and passages 
of this softened area there is growing some tiny plant-organism 
that forms the food of this cave-digging mite. From all 
appearances the cavities are caused by the mite, and increase 
in size with the growth of the acarian. Possibly the mite has 
some secretion that aids in the destruction of the stone. 

Remarkable as are the habits of this mite, its structure, save 
that it belongs to a rather peculiar genus, is not exceptional. 
This habit is the necessary consequence of the conditions of its 
existence, for if the mite should try to live free on the surface 
of the rock it would be washed away by storms. ‘To escape, 
therefore, the ravages of the elements it takes to the cyclone 
cellar. Migration must be performed over the surface of the 
stone, but it is probable that the young issue at a season when 
the stone is not subject to heavy storms. 

On microscopic examination the mite is seen to belong to 
the family Oribatidz, or beetle-mites, and to the genus Scz/o- 
vertex of Michael. We have, at least, one other species of this 


194 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [June, ’06 


genus in our country, the S. marinus Banks, that occurs on 
the surface of boulders between tide-marks along the Long 
Island shore. .S. marinus is usually found in small depres- 
sions of the stone, but forms no cavities ; and when the tide is 
out one can find a few wandering over the rock. Four species 
of Scutovertex are known in England, one was found in moss; 
one on lichen near the seashore, and two on alge in fresh- 
water pools near the seashore. Michael has described a spe- 
cies as taken from marine algze at Terra del Fuego. 
The new species I describe as follows : 


Scutovertex petrophagus n. sp. 
Rather uniform dark brown, a pale spot on middle of base of abdomen 

above. Body moderately elongate, roughened above; median area of 

cephalothorax with transverse ridges. Pseudostigmatic organs short, 

clavate. A ribbed 

Jamella-like area 

around base of ab-, 

domen. Abdomen 

above with scatter- sae 

ed rugosities and 3 

more or less defi- 

nite stripes of inter AP 
laced ridges; at api- 
cal margin with 4 
short, subequal stiff 
bristles each side. The legs are rather 
long and heavy, the femora obliquely 
roughened above near tips, and also on 
the trochanters ; tarsi very short, and 
more hairy than other joints, but one claw 

A to each leg. Venter finely and irregularly 


Fig. 2.—Venter. 


Fig. 1.—Scutovertex petrophagus. Fig. 3.—Tarsus and claw. 


rugose, the coverings of the apertures being longitudinally rugose. The 
genital opening is about as broad as long, and scarcely its length in front 
of the larger and more elongate anal opening. The immature stages 
have a transversely corrugate dorsum. Length 4 mm. 


Inhabits cavities in the surface of wet rock. Traghanic 
Falls, near Ithaca, N. Y. This genus is best separated from 
Carabodes by the fact that the tibize of legs are not pedicellate. 


a Se ee el ee a ee 


—-- 


June, ’06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 195 


New Species of Butterflies. 


By ANDREW GRAY WEEKS. 


Ecesia klagesii sp. nov. Expanse 2.10 inches.—Head above black, 
with a white dot above each eye and one betwixt the bases of the an- 
tennze. Antennz black. Club black above, beneath brown, with tawny 
tip. Thorax and abdomen black or very dark brown above, beneath 
tawny brown. 

Upper side of fore wing tawny brown, with black markings. Costa 
black. Half way up the costa a black band runs downward, across the 
end of the discoidal space to the first submedian nervule, where it suffu- 


_ses toward hind margin. Beyond this, on apical side, is an area of 


ground color of the same width. The apical area, representing one- 
fourth of the total wing area, is black, with a tawny brown dash in its 
central portion. In some specimens, owing to lack of any suffusion, this 
dash may be called a well defined spot. The hind margin is bordered 
with black from apex down to the second submedian nervule, and in 
soine specimens this extends to lower angle. The inner marginal area is 
dashed with black. The median nervure is heavily black from the base 
up to the second submedian nervule. 

Upper side of lower wing tawny brown, with black markings. A black 
line one-sixteenth of an inch wide extends from the base of the wing 
along the costa nearly to the upper angle. The hind margin is slightly 
dentated or wavy, and has a black border one-sixteenth of an inch wide, 
broadening somewhat toward anal angle. From the inner margin near 
the base of the wing a line of interspacial black spots extends across the 
wing, curving upward to the upper angle. These are, in some specimens, 
quite indistinct, owing to being dusted with tawny scales. 

Under side of fore wing is governed by the markings of the upper.sur- 
face. The black portions are not so dense and suffused into the ground 
color. The band of ground color running from costa to hind margin is 
more yellow, and the apical area is tawny brown. At the apex is a patch 
of dull yellow, crossed by a dark line which extends. down to the lower 
angle one-sixteenth of an inch within the hind margin. 

On the under side of the hind wing, the black line noted on the upper 
surface, is.repeated. Below this, the area to the row of black spots is dull 
yellow. Below this spot the area to the black marginal border is light 
tawny. In the black hind marginal border is a wavy line extending from 
the anal angle through four interspaces. 


HTab,—Suapure, Venezuela. 

Variations.—The chief variations are due to the suffusing of 
the ground color on the black portion or vice versa. While 
some specimens are more or less suffused, thus have the mark- 
ings distinctly outlined, I have one specimen in which the 


196 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [June, ’06 


row of black spots on lower wing is totally wanting on the 
upper surface, although it is slightly in evidence on the under 
surface. This species could not be found in the large collec- 
tions of this country, nor the British Museum, nor has any 
description by a previous author been brought to light. 


Ithomia hamlini sp. nov. Expanse 2 inches.—Head black, with a yel- 
low dot behind the eyes, also one between the antennz. Eyes surroun- 
ded by a yellow thread. Antennz dark brown, merging to light brown 
towards club. Club black, with brown tip, Thorax above black, with a 
yellow collar and a yellow spot at junction of each costa ; beneath, lemon 
yellow. Abdomen above black ; beneath, lemon yellow. Legs black. 

Upper side of fore wing mostly transparent, marked with brownish 
black and yellowish transparent areas. Costa black, edged with brown 
along discoidal space. Discoidal space transparent, with a yellowish 
tinge. From the base of wing a dark club-shaped dash extends upward 
to centre of discoidal space. From the centre of costa a broad brownish 
black band extends downwards across the end of discoidal space, termi- 
nating at hind margin just above the lower angle; the nervures and ner- 
vules in this band are black. Outside of this band is a broad transparent 
area, heavily dusted with lemon-yellow scales near costa. The apical 
area and hind marginal area are brownish black, with a slight suggestion 
of lighter spots in the interspaces near margin. The median nervure is 
brown. The inner marginal area below the median nervure is brown 
suffusing to dense black toward inner margin. 

The upper side of hind wing has the same colors. The hind mar- 
gin is bordered with a sixteenth of an inch brownish black border, 
bearing suggestions of lighter spots in interspaces. Inside of this, toward 
the base of the wing, is a band of brown extending from the upper angle 
downward, and swinging across the wing to the anal angle parallel to 
hind margin. Still nearer the base, bordering this brown band, a darker 
band runs across the wing horizontally, turning upward to the costa well 
outside the discoidal space. The discoidal space and the area surround- 
ing it is transparent, slightly dusted with brown scales. The nervures 
and nervules are brown. 

The under side of both wings is the same as upper surface, except that 
the interspacial light spots along the hind margins are more distinct, be- 
ing very prominent on the lower wing. 


ffab.—Suapure, Venezuela. 

Variations.—The sixty specimens in my collection show no 
variation in size. The markings are identical in shape and 
location, but show considerable variation in their density and 
tendency to suffusion. The typical specimen above described 
is a fair average. | : 


June, ’06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 197 


Thecla madie sp. nov. Expanse 1.10 inches. /ema/e.—Head, palpi, 
thorax and abdomen above, dark mouse color; beneath, light mouse 
color. Antennz black, with white annulation at base of each joint. Club 


black, with tawny tip. Legs light mouse color, with white annulations. 


Upper side of fore wing dark mouse color. The basal area slightly blue. 
Upper side of hind wing dark mouse color. Basal area light blue, 


dusted with mouse colored scales, shading off to mouse color toward 


upper angle and hind margin. From the lower submedian nervule, ex- 
tends a delicate tail one-eighth of an inch long, tipped with white, and 
above it a similar but shorter tail extending from the submedian nervule. 
From anal angle a delicate white thread, following contour of hind margin, 
extends toward upper angle, disappearing almost midway. At anal an- 
gle is a tawny dot. Inner margin light gray. 

Under side of fore wing light mouse color. A conspicuous dark line 
bordered with a white thread on outer side extends downwards from near 


costa to submedian nervule. The hind marginal area, for one-sixteenth 


of an inch inward, is somewhat lighter than ground color, and has sugges- 
tion of darker half circles in the interspaces. The inner margin is lighter 
than ground color, gradually shading into it. 

Under side of hind wing light mouse color. A dark line, dusted with 
tawny and bordered by a white thread on its outer side, extends from 
centre of costa to centre of second submedian nervule, then turning up- 
wards to centre of inner margin. This line is jagged, with angles in each 
interspace, and forms a continuation of the line on the fore wing, but 
more fully developed. There is a tawny spot at anal angle, blackish at 
angle. In interspaces, between the two tails, is another spot of lighter 
shade. The white marginal thread of the upper surface is repeated. The 
light hind marginal area of under side of fore wing is continued on hind 
wing. 

The hind margins have a slight fringe of the ground color. 

f[ab.—Suapure, Venezuela. 

- This species could not be found in the larger collections in 
this country, nor in the collection of Druce, the British Mus- 
eum, etc. It resembles 7. cleon Fabr. 


Thecla carteri sp. nov. Expanse .80 inch.—Head, thorax and abdo- 
men nearly black above, with a few light blue hairs. Beneath, gray. 
Palpi white. Antennz black, with indistinct white annulations at base of 
each joint. Club above, black; below, tawny. Legs gray. 

Upper side of fore wing nearly black. The space within a line drawn 


_ froma point on inner margin just inside lower angle up to centre of me~ 


dian nervure and thence to base, is light blue. 

Upper side of hind wing light blue at base, nearly white as it approaches 
costa and hind margin. There is a blackish border along costa, extend- 
ing half way down hind margin. At end of submedian nervule is a deli- 


* 


198 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [June, ’06 


cate thread-like tail, one-eighth of an inch long, tipped with white. Hind 
margin has a delicate gray fringe. The edge of hind margin has a fine 
whitish line, inside of which is a black thread. The submedian interspa- 
ces show the dark interspacial markings of the under side. Inner margin 
white. 

Under side of fore wing grayish white, dusted with brown towards 
base. One-sixteenth of an inch within hind margin is a wavy line of 
blackish brown extending down to inner margin. The space between 
this and the margin is light gray, with prominent interspacial triangular 
spots of blackish brown, one-sixteenth of an inch within this line is 
another line extending from costa down to second submedian nervule, 
the intermediate space being nearly white. There is another similar line 
running across the end of the discoidal space only. From this line the 
dusting of darker color increases towards the base. 

Under side of hind wing the same ground color. At centre of costa is 
a lunule, brown on its outer edge, white within with a black spot at its 
centre. From upper angle a brown line extends straight across the wing 
to the centre of the inner margin. Outside of this is a space one-sixteenth 
of an inch wide, of light gray. Outside of this, the area to hind margin 
is dark brown, broken bya series of interspacial lighter brown semicircles 
near the margin, the interior portion these semicircles being nearly black. 

The hind margins have a thread of white. 


fTab.—Suapure, Venezuela. 

This species is nearly identical with 7. axgiva Hew., which 
has no tails. It is also near 7. tadita Hew., which is in the 
Hewitson collection. 


Thecla hosmeri sp. nov. Expanse .95 inch.—Head, thorax, abdomen 
above, black. Below gray, Palpi gray. Antennz black, with micro- 
scopic white annulations at base of each joint. Club black. 

Upper side of hind wing black, with slaty lustre. At the end of subme- 
dian nervule is a short thread-like tail. Below this, at end of second sub- 
median nervule, is another longer tail, both black, with a white tip. 

Under side of fore wing brownish slate color. From a point on costa, 
two-thirds distance to apex, runs a brick-red line, bordered. on its outer 
edge with a white thread, down to submedian nervule. 

Under side of hind wing brownish slate color. The brick-red line of 
fore wing is continued running downwards parallel to hind margin and 
meeting inner margin just above the anal angle. In the four lower inter- 
spaces this line becomes jagged, forming a series of semicircles. Outside 
of the first two of these semicircles are patches of brick-red, the lower one 
having a black point on its lower edge. At the angle is another brick-red 
patch or spot, smaller than the others, with a black point on its lower 
edge. Just within the hind margin, running from anal angle to the me- 
dian nervure is a white thread. 

Wings have a slight fringe of the ground color. 


eet ie 


- we St 


June, ’06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 199 


Hab.—Suapure, Venezuela. 
This species is closely allied to 7. fists Godm. and to 7. 
gargophia. Described from six specimens in my collection. 


Euselasia tysoni sp. nov. Expanse 1 inch.—Head, thorax and abdo- 
men above, mouse color. Below, gray. Palpi white. Antennz mouse 
color, with minute white annulations at base of each joint. Club black, 
with whitish suffusion at base. Legs light tawny brown, 

Upper side of fore wing mouse color. 

Upper side of hind wing mouse color. Hind margin strongly dentated. 
At end of submedian nervule is a slight tawny spot. 

Under side of fore wing light tawny brown. From a point just beyond 
centre of costa runs a tawny line across end of discoidal space, down to 
lower submedian nervule. Hind margin bordered with tawny, with a 
suggestion of a white thread. From a point on inner margin one-six- 
teenth of an inch from lower angle runs a black thread or dash upwards 
to submedian nervule. The space between this and hind margin is 
whitish near the angle. 

Under side of hind wing light tawny brown. Hind margin bordered 
with tawny, with a white thread in interspaces. Within this tawny bor- 
der, near base, is a series of silvery-white elongated spots forming a 
prominent marginal border. The inner side of these spots is lined with 
black. The tawny line near centre of fore wing is continued, being par- 
allel with hind margin and curving upward to centre of inner margin. 


Hab.—Suapure, Venezuela. 
There is one specimen of this in the Druce collection, but 
unexamined. 


Charis suapure sp. nov. Expanse .95 inch.—Head, antennz, thorax 
and abdomen above blackish brown. Beneath, somewhat lighter. Legs 
the same. 

Upper side of hore wing dark blackish brown. In discoidal space, near 
base, is a blackish spot, repeated in space below. Beyond this is another 
similar spot in the discoidal space, repeated and somewhat larger in sub- 
median space below. Beyond this is a third spot in the discoidal space, 
but this last is not repeated in space below. Outside of this spot is a 
broad blackish line of connecting interspacial spots from costa across the 
end of discoidal space, turning at median nervure and running-parallel to 
hind margin down to inner margin, near the center of the wing area. Be- 
yond this is an area of the ground color and then a prominent orange line 
or band running from a point just above the centre of costa towards hind 
margin, turning at median nervure and running down to inner margin 
one-sixteenth of an inch in from hind margin, forming nearly a semicircle. 
This line, the prominent feature of the markings, is broader at costa and 
terminates in a point at inner margin. The apical area, outside of this 


200 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. . [June, ’06 


and the hind marginal area, is the same color as the disdoidal spot, 
blackish. 

Upper side of hind wing is the same, except that the spots suffuse, 
nearly forming a band. The orange band of fore wing is continued, but 
narrower, extending from upper angle to anal angle parallel to bing mar- 
gin. The inner margin is of the ground color. 

The wings have a slight fringe of the ground color. 

The markings of the under side of both wings are similar to those of the 
upper surface, although slightly lighter. 


FTab.—Suapure, Venezuela. 
This species resembles C. cvcias Hew. 


Methonella carveri sp. nov. Expanse 1.50 inches. Male.—Head black. 
Antenne black. Club black, with brown tip. Thorax above black, with 
yellow hairs at base of wings; beneath, orange. Abdomen above 
black ; beneath, orange. Legs black. 

Upper side of fore wing orange, black and yellow. Costa black. The 
basal area within a line drawn from near centre of costa diagonally across 
the discoidal space to a point one-quarter of an inch within the margin, 
thence downwards parallel to hind margin to inner margin is orange, 
The apical and hind marginal areas, outside this line, are black. In the 
centre of the black apical area, running from costa diagonally across it 
nearly to hind margin is a yellow band. Below the end of this, in the 
margin area, is a yellow spot, with a suggestion of a smaller one below 
it. Inner margin orange. 

The upper side of hind wing is of the same orange. Costa orange. 
From the base a black dash extends upwards a quarter inch along costa. 
The hind margin has a broad black border, dentated on its basal side. 
Within this border are a series of interspacial yellow spots. Inner mar- 
gin orange. 

Under side of both wings the same as upper surface, except that the 
coloring is not so brilliant. 

Female.—Upper surface of both wings the same as male, excepting a 
fuller development of the markings. The yellow band of fore wing ex- 
tends or curves downwards to near inner margin, forming almost a semi- 
circle. There is also a white spot on margin at apex. The yellow spots 
of marginal area of hind wing are much more prominent, and a white dot 
appears on the margin at the end of each nervule. 

Under surface of both wings the same as upper surface, except less 
brilliant. 


ffab.—Suapure, Venezuela. 
Taken in April, 1899. Not in British Museum, or other 
large collections. 


* 


June’ ,06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 201 


Nymphidium quinoni sp. nov. Expanse 1.30 inches.—Head and thorax 
above, dark brown ; beneath, white. Abdomen above, brown, slightly 
lighter than thorax ; beneath, white. Antennz dark brown, with some- 
what lighter tip, and very minute white annulations at base of each joint. 
Legs white. 

Fore wings above, creamy white, excepting the costal and hind margi- 
nal areas, which are light brown, with darker markings and spots. The 
brown of the costal area is well developed, covering nearly all the discoi- 
dal space, darker at costa than below. In the discoidal space close to the 
base is a black dot ; beyond this, near centre of discoidal space, is a large 
black spot; at the end of discoidal space is a black line, and this line, 
with a little of the surrounding brown area, extends downwards into the 


creamy white ground color, forming a knob more or less prominent. The 


apical and hind marginal areas are light brown, edged with darker brown 
on the basal side. Down the central part of the brown hind marginal 
area runs a line of interspacial black dots. The hind spots bear a dark 
border distinctly touched with white at end of the first and the lowest 
submedian interspaces. Inner margin creamy white. 

Upper side of hind wing creamy white. The hind margin has a gener- 
ous brown border, a continuance of the same on the fore wing and iden- 
tical in every respect, including the interspacial black dots, the marginal 
white markings, etc. 

The under side of both fore and hind wings is the same in its markings 
as upper surface, but the white lacks its creamy tinge, and the marginal 
border is nearer mouse colorthan brown. The colorings of upper sur- 
face are repeated but decidedly deadened, and this deadening of under 
surface color is too well known to need any detailed description. 

The interspacial dark marginal spots are more prominent, owing to the 
lighter back ground. The dark edging of the hind margins is also more 
noticeable, and the white marginal spots of upper surface are much more 
prominent. 


fTab.—Suapure, Venezuela. 

Variations.—Barring variation in size, the ene in var- 
ious specimens seem much the same. The greatest variation 
is in the ‘‘jutting’’ of the brown costal area into the creamy 
white ground area of fore wing, noted above as near end of 
discoidal space. ‘The density of the brown of marginal border 
also varies. 

Taken in November, 1899. It resembles quite closely /V. 
pelops Cram. 


Carystus richardi sp. nov.—Expanse 1.30 inches.—Head and collar 
bronzy brown. Antenne black. Club black above, brown beneath. 
Thorax above, dark brown, with some dark gray hairs ; beneath, white. 


202 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [June, ’06 


Abdomen above, dark brown, the segments edged with white ; beneath 
white. Legs black above, brown beneath. 

Upper side of fore wing dark brown. Below the median nervure and 
bordering on it, is a prominent semitransparent white spot, nearly square. 
Above this, and nearly joining it, is a small white dot in the discoidal 
space. At the bases of the two interspaces above this large spot are two 
smaller white spots in a line drawn towards the apex. Below the costa, 
two-thirds the distance to apex, are two small white spots, the upper one 
merely a dot. These make a total of six spots. 

Upper side of hind wing dark brown. A dash of white, or rather a 


series of interspacial white marks, extends across the centre only of the 


wing in a line drawn from the upper angle to a point near the base on 
inner margin. This white area represents a small portion only of the 
total wing area. 

Hind margins have a slight gray fringe. 

Under side of fore wing the same as upper surface, except that below 
the large white spot is a space of similar size, heavily dusted with white 
scales, suffusing towards the hind margin. A similar, though less promi- 
nent, dusting of lighter scales appears outside the two subcostal spots. 

The lower half of under side of hind wing is dark brown. Above a line 
drawn from upper angle across the lower edge of the white spots and 
ending near the base of the wing, the area is a creamy white, excepting 
the costal area, which is brown. The lower edge of this costal area is 
separated from the creamy white by a line drawn from base to upper an- 
gle, no suffusion whatever being apparent. In this creamy white area 
between the semitransparent spots and the inner margin is a dash of 
brown. 

Hab.—Suapure, Venezuela. 

Described from five specimens in my collection taken in Jan- 
uary, 1900. The white markings show no variation. This 
species resembles C. lafrenayi Latr., but the white markings 
on hind wing are not so large, and in /afrvenayz the direction is 
from upper angle downwards parallel to hind margin, not 
straight across the wing. ‘The under side of hind wing differs 
in location and extent of white markings. 


Pythonides hoyti sp. nov. Expanse 1.80 inches.—Head, thorax and 
abdomen above, dark brown, with golden brown hairs; beneath, light 
brown. Antennz dark brown. 

Upper sice of fore wing brown. Across the discoidal space is a semi- 
transparent spot of peculiar shape, straight on its basal side, but forked 
on its marginal side, forming a figure |®. In the first submedianint er- 
space is another similar spot somewhat nearer the hind margin. Above 
the upper point of this, in the interspace next above it, is a square spot. 


ee ae 


June, ’06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 203 


In the apical area are three subcostal elongated semitransparent spots, 
the uppermost and lowest ones being a little nearer hind margin than the 
central one. Near base, about one-third distance to apex is an indistinct 
_ band of dark brown running from costa to inner margin. Another band 
runs across the two lower interspaces between the first band and hind 
margin. Below the subcostal spots is a dusting of dark brown. This, 
with the band last mentioned, suggests a band across the wing broken by . 
the white spots and ground color at central portion of the wing, this par- 
tially developed band being continued on hind wing. 

Upper side of hind wing brown, matching fore wing. The wing is 
crossed from costa to inner margin, by two darker bands, these being 
continuations of the bands of the fore wing. The basal and anal areas of 
the wing are covered with brown hairs, causing an apparant suffusion of 
the bands. 

Both wings have a fringe of the ground color, 

Under side of fore wing very light brown, excepting the costal and api- 
cal areas, which are darker. The spots of upper surface are repeated, 
also the dark bands. 

Under side of hind wing very light brown, the hind marginal and basa 
areas being somewhat darker. The basal area is dusted with light brown 
scales. The dark bands of upper surface are repeated. 


Hab.—Suapure, Venezuela. | 
The semitransparent spots closely resemble those on P. 
lucullea Hew. 
Taken in the latter part of January, 1goo. 


_ Pamphila bobe sp. nov. Expanse 1.10 inches.—Head, palpi, antennz, 
thorax and abdomen above, very dark brown, nearly black; beneath 
somewhat lighter. | 
Upper side of fore wing dark velvety brown, with no markings, except 
very indistinct bands of a darker shade, noticeable only on close inspec- 
tion. The first crosses basal area, the second the end of discoidal space, 
the third the hind marginal area. In the interspaces along hind margin 
is a series of similarly indistinct dark markings. 

Upper side of hind wing very dark velvety brown, costal area some- 
what lighter. 

Under side of fore wing lighter than the upper surface, the dark mark- 
ings being slightly more noticeable. The lower submedian area near 
base and entire inner marginal area are very light. 

Under side of hind wing is the same as fore wing, the dark markings of 
fore wing being repeated. Owing to the very dark shade, these mark- 
ings scarcely show on the upper surface. 


HTab.—Suapure, Venezuela. 
Taken in January, 1900. 


204 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [June, ’06 


Pamphila brooksii sp. nov. Expanse 2 inches.—Head and palpi, tawny 
brown. Thorax above, dark brown, with tawny brown shoulders; be- 
neath, tawny brown. Abdomen above, dark brown; beneath white. 
Legs tawny brown. Antenne dark brown, whitish at base of club. Club 
above dark brown; beneath dark brown, with whitish tip. 

Upper side of fore wing dark brown. Costa tawny brown half way to 
apex. Basal portion of wing slightly dusted with tawny brown. Across 
the centre of discoidal space there is a prominent white spot. Below this, 
in second submedian interspace, is another spot, but nearer the hind mar- 
gin; still nearer the hind margin, in interspace above, is a third white 
spot. These three white spots are of nearly equal size. Near the apex, 
extending from costa downwards are three small white spots, and a fourth 
one still farther down. Hind margin has a slight tawny brown fringe. 

Upper side of hind wing dark brown ; costa somewhat lighter. Hind 
margin has a slight tawny brown fringe. 

Under side of fore wing nearly black, except the costal and apical areas, 
which are a rich tawny brown. The white spots of the upper surface are 
repeated. In the interspaces above the lower of the four apical white 
spots are two black specks, one above the other, showing a tendency to 
transparency at their centres. In the lowest submedian interspace, at its 
centre, there is a dusting of light scales. Hind margin is edged with a 
fine black thread. 

Under side of hind wing a rich tawny brown, darker in marginal and 
basal areas. In the first and third submedian interspaces is a white dot 
just below the end of the discoidal space. 


fTab.—Suapure, Venezuela. 
Taken in the latter part of July, 1899. 


-_ 
tlhe 


RECENTLY the writer described a new species of the genus Lichenoch- 
vus from Costa Rica as Z. marmoratus (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 
814, 1905). It has been found that Sjéstedt applied the same specific — 
name to a very different species of the genus from West Africa ( Bihang 
till K. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl., xxvii, afd. iv, No. 3, p. 32), and, as 
his name has considerable priority over my name, that of Lichenochrus 
deciduus is proposed to replace LZ. marmoratus Rehn.—]. A. G. REHN, 


PSEUDORTHOSIA VARIABILIS var. PALLIDIOR n. var.—Expanse 40 mm.; 
anterior wings a warm but not dark reddish, more yellowish basally, with 
the stigmata dark, but the bands of the type absent, the two pale lines in 
the subapical field faintly indicated against a reddish background. Glen- 
wood Springs, Colorado, in Mr. J. Mason’s collection. I had taken it for 
a new species, but specimens from the northwest, kindly sent to me by 
Dr. Dyar, show that it is only a pale form of P. variabilis.—T. D. A. 
COCKERELL. 


June, ’06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 205 


Description of two new genera and three new species 


of Aphididae. 
By THEO. PERGANDE. 


While examining a series of Aphids, received by the Bureau 
of Entomology of the U. S. Department of Agriculture, from 
Mr. S. I. Kuwana, of the Imperial Agricultural Experiment 
Station at Nishigahara, Tokio, Japan, I discovered among 
them a number of specimens of two highly interesting genera, 
one of which has been previously discovered on the Island of 
Java. These the writer takes the liberty of describing herewith. 


NIPPONAPHIS n. gen. 


This remarkable aphid, which is represented by a single spe- 
-cies, resembles in venation and in the strongly annulated an- 
tennz the genus Schizoneura, but differs from the latter in 
having antennze which are only 5-jointed ; the two basal joints 
short and subequal in length, the following three joints of 
almost equal diameter and strongly annulated ; joint 3 is much 
the longest and longer than the remaining two combined. 

Head, including the eyes, narrower than the thorax and 
broader than long, its frontal margin slightly convex. The 
two discal ocelli are placed in front of the eyes, and the third 
one at the middle of the anterior edge. Posterior tubercle of 
the eyes verysmall. Nectaries represented by pores only, and 
situated far back, apparently on the sixth abdominal segment. 
‘Tail short, broad, semicircular; last ventral segment notched 
at middle of posterior edge. 

Third discoidal vein of the front wings with one fork. 


Nipponaphis distychii n. sp. 


The note sent by Mr. Kuwana is rather short and unsatis- 
factory ; it reads as follow: ‘‘Head and eyes black. Prothorax 
dark purplish yellow. Dorsal aspect of meso-metathorax 
black. Abdomen dark purplish brown. Producing galls on 


A ‘the leaves of Distychium racemosum at Nishigahara, October 


23, 1905.”’ 


206 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [June, ’06 


The antenne of the migrants—the only form sent—reach about to the 
base of the abdomen. The two basal joints, as usual, shortest and sub- 
equal in length ; the first joint cylindrical and originating on the under 
side of the head ; joint 2 slightly the stoutest and broadly rounded at the 
apex ; the remaining three joints cylindrical and of almost equal thick- 
ness ; the third longest, longer than the remaining two combined, being 
divided by from 41 to 44 rather deep annulations ; the fourth longer than 
the fifth, with from 20 to 24 annulations; while the fifth is divided by 
from (1 to 15 annulations, its terminal spur short, stout and truncate at 
the apex, where it bears three or four short bristles. 

Thorax about as long as broad and slightly broader than the abdomen. 
Abdomen elongate-ovoid, tapering posteriorly and furnished on each side 
with four slightly projecting blackish stigmata in front of the nectar pores. 
Legs normal and provided with sparse short hairs. 

Wings pale dusky, with slightly darker shading along the veins ; the 
costal cell and the stigma still darker, costa, subcosta and the veins 
blackish. The first two discoidal veins arise quite near each other and 
are rather far apart at the hind margin of the wing ; the fork of the third 


discoidal is unusually long and narrow, while at least two-thirds of the > 


stem of this vein is obliterated ; in rare cases the fork is extremely short, 
while occasionally the third vein is simple as in Pemphigus. The stigma 
is long and lanceolate, with the stigmal vein arising about the middle, its 
basal half gently curved, the rest almost straight and terminating in front 
of the apex of the wing. The two discoidal veins of the hind wings are 
at least three times as far distant at the base as those of the front wings. 
The surface of all of the wings is rather densely scaly. Length of body 
about 2 mm. ; expanse of wings about 7 mm. 


TRICHOSIPHUM n. gen. 

This is another abnormal genus and undoubtedly nearly rela- 
ted to the genus Greentdea, which was properly established by 
Schouteden for Szphonophora artocarpi Westw. Both of these 
genera agree in the very hairy nectaries, a character not ob- 
served in any of the other known genera. The principal dif- 
ferences between the two, in respect to the nectaries, are as 
follows: In Greentdea the nectaries of the migrant and of the 
apterous female, pupa, etc., are rather long, slender, almost 
entirely cylindrical, or slightly narrower at both ends and rela- 
tively of about the same length ; whereas in the new genus the 
nectaries of the migrant are extremely long and cylindrical, 
while those of the apterous females are short, very stout and 
very distinctly fusiform. This diversity in the size and shape 
of these organs in the different forms justifies my opinion that 


ae 


: dete hn Silt SS ~ 
Te ee! 


June, ’06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 207 


this constitutes a genus distinct from Gvreenidea, although 
closely related to it. . 
The characters of this new genus are: Antenne of migrant 
as long or longer than the body, composed as usual of six 
joints, all of which, excepting the two basal, are furnished 
with long and bristle-like hairs, the third being longest. Front 
of head broad and quite straight; posterior tubercle of eyes 
bearing three ocelli. Abdomen sparsely hairy. Tail short 
and broadly triangular. Nectaries very long, almost as long 
as the whole body, cylindrical, straight, curving outwards 
towards the apex and profusely covered with long, bristle- 
like hairs. Venation similar to that of Apiis. 

In the apterous female, the whole body, including the an- 
tennze, nectaries and legs, is covered with stout hairs or bris- 
tles; head, etc., asin the migrant. Nectaries short, or about 
one-fourth of the length of the body, stout and distinctly fusi- 
form ; curved outwards. 

Only two species exhibiting these characters are thus far 
known to me. ‘The first of these represented by migrants, 

pupee, apterous females and larvee, was discovered by Dr. L. 
Zehnter, January 10, 1902, at Salatiga, Java, on Avona muri- 
_ cata. Following is its description: . 


Trichosiphum anone n. sp. 

The material representing this species was, as usual, pre- 
served in alcohol, and for this reason the original coloration 
has vanished. It appears, however, to have been yellowish 
green in the migrants, with thé exception of the greater part 

f of the abdomen above, which appears to have been brown. 


Migrant.—Antennz 6 jointed ; the two basal joints, as usual, shortest 
and subequal in length, the first joint stoutest ; joint 3 longest, longer 
than the spur of the sixth joint and but slightly shorter than the fourth 
and fifth combined, both of the latter subequal in length; all of these 
joints are furnished with rather long and stiff hairs ; there are also from 
four to six small, transversely oval sensoria near the base of joint 3. The 
. 3 antenne are slender and about as Jong as the whole insect. 

Front of head quite straight, slightly indented about the middle, and 
furnished with about six long and slender hairs, while similar hairs are 
scattered over the upper surface of the head. 

Head broader than long, and, with the eyes included, broader than the 


208 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [June, ’06 


prothorax. Eyes large, their posterior tubercle highly developed, each 
bearing three ocelli. The two ocelli on top of the head are placed close 
to the anterior edge of the eyes, while the anterior one is situated on the 
under side of the head. 

Rostrum long, reaching to the abdomen. Prothorax broader than long 
and slightly broadest posteriorly, provided with a few lateral hairs on 
each side. 

Abdomen about one-half the length of the body, its lateral edges quite 
straight, and broadest near the region of the nectaries, the terminal end 
broadly triangular, provided with sparse and fine hairs, which are still 
more numerous along the sides and on the last segment. : 

Tail short and broadly arcuate, bearing a small triangular projection at 
the middle of the external margin, its two sides being quite sharply ser- 
rate ; each side bearing apparently four bristles, with a few smaller ones 
on its surface. The last segment is broadly semi-circular, and bears along 
its edge quite a number of still longer and stouter curved bristles. 

Nectaries very long, almost as long as the whole insect, cylindrical, 
straight and slightly curved outwards toward the apex, and covered pro- 
fusely with long and fine divaricating hairs or bristles. 

Legs rather long and slender, provided on femora and tibiz with stiff 
hairs. Front wings much longer than the entire body, the venation re- 
sembling more or less that of Aphis and Callipterus. The first two dis- 
coidals are distant at base and about seven ‘times as widely separated at 
the apex ; the first vein is almost straight, whereas the terminal one-third 
of the second vein is much curved toward the base of the wing ; the third 
discoidal with its two forks resembles somewhat that of Ca//ipferus ; the 
basal half or less of this vein, or the stem of it, is obliterated ; the stigma 
is long, narrow, parallel ; stigmal vein gently curved and terminating at 
the apex of the wing. The hind wings are much shorter and much nar- 
rower than the front wings and have the usual oblique veins, which are 
quite straight, far apart at base, and more than twice as far apart at apex. 

The pupz have the body and legs much more hairy ; the hairs of these 
parts are longer and stouter than in the migrant, while those of the tail 
and end of the body are shorter and finer. The upper side of the abdo- 
men is marked with numerous pale brown spots of varying size, followed 
by a brown band, the latter divided at the middle, and itself followed by 
a very large spot between and touching the nectaries. In other respects, 
the pupz resemble the migrant, excepting that the nectaries are not 
quite one-half the length of the body, and are also comparatively stouter 
and slightly tapering toward both ends. The triangular point of the tail 
is also somewhat longer. 

Apterous Female.—Body pyriform, the head, pro- and mesothorax 
being narrowest, the rest of the body broadly oval. Front of head 
straight, or almost so, and destitute of frontal tubercles. Eyes of the 
usual size, their posterior tubercle prominent and furnished with three 
large and rather globular ocelli. Antennz about two-thirds the length 


June, ’06). ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 209 


of the insect ; joints 3 and 6, including the spur, longest and subequal in 
length, each of them about as long as joints 4 and 5 combined ; the fifth 
slightly longer than the fourth ; all, except the spur, are provided with a 
few long stiff hairs or bristles. Tail and end of body as in the migrant ; 
nectaries much shorter than in either the migrant or pupa, or only about 
one-fourth the length of the body, rather stout near the middle, tapering 
toward each end and curved outwards. Abdomen without spots, the 
whole body, including the nectaries and legs, profusely provided with 
stiff hairs or bristles, similar to those of Chaitophorus. Length about 1.4 
mm.; diameter across the abdomen about 0.8 mm. 


Trichosiphum kuwanai n. sp. 

1 Among the material of aphids sent by Mr. S. I. Kuwana, of 

a the Imperial Agricultural Experiment Station, Nishigahara, 
Tokio, Japan, were found three parcels of alcoholic specimens 
of apterous females, larve and a few pupz of this species, 
though none of the migrants. All were found living upon - 
Quercus serrata on the 27th and 29th of June, and on the 2nd 
of August, 1905. Those taken in June are stated to be of a 
deep black color, whereas those obtained in August are said 
to be reddish brown. An examination of the entire material 
convinces the writer that all of them belong to the same spe- 
cies, which he herewith takes pleasure in dedicating to Mr. 
Kuwana. : 

This is, therefore, the second female, in which the nectaries 
of the apterous females are short, stout and fusiform. 

Apterous Female.—Antennz about one-half the length of the body; 
joints 3-6, including the spur, varying more or less in length in different 
specimens and frequently in the same individual ; the third joint as usual 
is longer than the two following joints combined, the latter subequal in 

length. All of the joints, excepting the spur, are provided with long, 
stiff bristles. Front of head broad and quite straight. Eyes large, their 
posterior tubercle much elongated and bearing three large ocelli at the 
end; sides of the thorax quite straight, broadening more or less distinctly 
posteriorly, while the abdomen is almost circular in outline. The legs 
are rather long and stout, and like the rest of the insect, profusely cov- 
ered with stout stiff bristles. Nectaries usually somewhat longer than 
the third antennal joint, or about one-half as long as the abdomen, stout, 
____ tapering toward each end and curved outwardly, covered with numerous 
long bristles and minute spines. 
_ Tail short, broadly triangular, bearing a short triangular point at the 
_ centre of the posterior edge, densely covered with minute sharp points 
and furnished on each side with three or more long stout bristles. Last 


210 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [June, '06 


ventral segment broadly emarginate. In the older specimens the color- 
ation appears to be quite uniform, whereas in younger females, there are 
six irregular rows of large, oval or roundish dusky or brownish spots on 
the abdomen, interspersed with numerous smaller spots of two sizes, each 
of the latter bearing a slender black hair; there are also four large lateral 
spots in front of the nectaries, while the head and thorax are entirely of a 
dark color; there are also two pairs of dark spots on the meso- and meta- 
thorax, the anterior pair on each of these segments being much the 
smaller and. transversely linear. 

The larve are very much elongated, their lateral margins quite paral- 
lel ; the body is also more or less distinctly spotted, and the hairs of the 
abdomen are rather long and slender. Nectaries short, about the length 
of the posterior tarsi, stout at base, elongate-conical, not reaching to the 
end of the abdomen; just behind each of them is a stout and conical 
- Jateral tubercle, about one-half the length of the nectaries, bearing at the 
apex a long, slender, backwardly directed bristle, while a similar though 
smaller pair of tubercles is situated at the posterior margin of the follow- 
ing segment. The last dorsal segment is broadly triangular. 

The pupe are spotted similarly to the younger apterous females, and 
are also very hairy, though the nectaries are longer, quite slender, though 
still somewhat fusiform. 


<4 
—=—or 


Texas Notes—I. 
By E. DwiGutT SANDERSON. 


1.—Omileus epiceroides Lec.—A snout weevil injurious to 
peach foliage. Injury by this species to peach foliage was 
first called to our attention by two correspondents in Hast 
Texas early in March, 1904. ‘The beetles were reported as 
seriously injuring the foliage of young peach trees. The same 
insect had done similar injury the year previous. Examina- 
tion showed them to be wingless, and their control therefore 
appeared simple. ‘The insects seemed most numerous during 
the first ten days of April. Visiting Dialville, in the heart of 
the peach belt, on April 29th, we found them still abundant. 
The foliage had been eaten much as by Lachnosterna. ‘The 
sexes had been mating for some time. The beetles were 
shaken from the trees with great difficulty so that jarring was 
not feasible. They were noticed most commonly on tender 
sprouts from oak stumps. It developed that they were injur- 
ious almost entirely on or adjoining newly planted orchards on 
land just cleared off and surrounded by oak. It seems to us 


June, ’06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 211 


evident that the normal food plant is oak. A band of ‘‘ tan- 
glefoot’’ was placed around the trunks of several trees at 
evening, as the beetle seems to feed at night mostly, and 
several beetles placed at the bottom of each tree. Out of 
eight, three were found covered with the sticky mixture at 
the base of one tree and none upon it. There is, no doubt, 
that such a band placed on trees about March rst will entirely 
protect them. Where they are already upon the trees, thor- 
ough spraying with strong arsenate of lead or Paris green, 
one-half pound per barrel, was reported as effective. 

The habits of the weevils seem to be much like those known 
of the imbricated snout weevil (picerus imbricatus), which 


Eggs on leaf (enlarged) 


this weevil quite closely resembles. The eggs are laid upon 
fallen foliage or rubbish, the leaf being folded over them, in 
bunches of from two to nine, thirty-five averaging four each. 
While ovipositing the females remain mostly upon the ground, 
feeding but little, while the males are in the trees and occa- 
sionally descend to them. In no case were they observed go- 
ing into the loose soil. Two females laid 50 and 60 eggs. The 
eggs hatch in from three to eight weeks, averaging about a 
month, hatching mostly about the middle of May. . The larvze 
feed upon roots, probably of the oak, but we were unable to 
rear. them. 

This species was first described by LeConte and Horn in 


212 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [June, ’06 


their Monograph of the Rhyncophora from Texas, 1876; since 
then we have seen no published record of ie species as of 
economic importance. 

The close resemblance of this speciee to our common imbri- 
cated snout beetle (Afpicerus imbricatus) led the writer to 
question whether or not it too might be wingless, in which 
case the same means of control would obviously be available. 
No description of the wings could be found, or any mention 
as to whether they were functional or not. Mr. E. A. 
Schwarz of the National Museum, therefore, kindly examined 
some specimens at my request and writes me: ‘‘I have exam- 
ined several specimens of our common Epicerus imbricatus and 
fail to find any trace of hind wings. Moreover, the elytra are 
connate, the humeri absent and the metasternum short, all 
characters indicating a wingless genus. Dr. D. Sharp, in the 
Biologia Centrali-Americana, divides the family Otiorhynchi- 
dz into two divisions, the winged ones and the wingless 
genera. The genus Apicerus is placed among the latter.’’ So 
there is still something to be learned about our most common 
beetles. Lacking wings, the imbricated snout beetle should 
also be readily controlled and kept from ascending fruit trees 
by means of sticky bands around the trunks. 

2. The Texas Grape Fidia (/idia cana). Specimens of 
this leaf beetle were received May 17, 1904, from D. Garner, 
Dripping Springs, Hays County, Texas, who reported them to 
be ruining his grape crop. May 29th he wrote us: ‘‘The first 
I knew of it, it was riddling the tender leaves before the vines 
bloomed. As soon as the fruit was set they were at work 
upon it. When we spray our vines they get inside of compact 
bunches and bite the berries near the stem. ‘They appear to 
have the trait of ‘sulling’ or dropping to the ground as does 
the curculio.’’ Specimens of their work sent showed the 
leaves badly eaten, and the berries gnawed exactly as is done 
by the grape root-worm (Fidia viticida) of the east. So far 
as recorded, /. cana, as we determined the insect, is peculiar 
to Texas, and it seems probable that it may prove equally 
troublesome to grape growers there. 

3. The Southern Corn Root-worm (Diabrotica 12- _punctata 


June, *06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 213 


-Oliv.). The larvee of this beetle caused considerable injury to 
‘young corn early in April, 1903, through central Texas. In 
the worst injured field at College Station, the larve were 
found working upon the roots of Johnson grass, where they 
seemed to be older than on corn. About one-third of the hills 
of corn were killed and a considerable acreage was replanted. 
Several nearly full grown larve were placed in breeding cages 
and pupated about April 29th. One beetle emerged from 
these May 12th. ! 

January 16, 1904, the adults were found very numerous upon 
alfalfa. Females of this lot examined” had well-developed 
eggs. They were again destructive to garden stuff, especially 
snap beans the first week in April, but the larvee did not do 
much injury to corn. The adults of the second generation 
were numerous May 6, 1904. (For the best account of this 
species on corn in the South, see Quaintance, Bulletin 26, n. s., 
Div. Entomology, U. S. Dept. Agr., p. 35). 


40> 
—=<or- 


I THINK the editors of ENToMoLOGICAL News should be proud of their 
journal. I notice the April number has four full plates and 15 to 20 text 
figures. Is there any entomological journal published at twice the price 
that can beat that? Aldrich’s plate is a work of art.—E. B. WILLIAMSON. 


OPHISMA TROPICALIS Guenée, in Fairmount Park.—I exhibited this 
moth at a recent meeting of the American Entomological Society, not 
having determined it. Mr. William Beutenmuller who was present at 
the meeting wrote me a few days after as follows: ‘“The strange Noctuid 
from Fairmount Park, exhibited at the last meeting of the Society, is 
Ophisma tropicalis Guenée. The species is subject to considerable 
variation, and we have one specimen from Jalapa, Mexico, in our col- 
lection, almost exactly like it. We also have specimens from Coatepec, 
Mexico; Aroa, Venezuela and Rio Janeiro, Brazil.’’ The ‘ Biologia’”’ 
gives the following distribution: Panama, Colombia, Guiana, Brazil, 
Cuba. The moth was captured by Mr. Herman Hornig on the evening 
of August 5, 1905. He gives the following account: ‘‘It was caught at 
Chamounix, Fairmount Park, Philadelphia. The flight of the moth is 
similar to that of the Sphingidz, the wings supporting the body while 
feeding, the food in this case being well fermented molasses. It was 
caught about 8.10 p.m.”’ It is difficult to tell whether the moth was only | 
an accidental find, brought here by commerce, or whether it has obtained 
a foothold like the big Mantid, Tenodera sinensis. —HENRY SKINNER. 


214 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [June, 706 


Notes on Mosquitoes. 


By Dr. S. E. WEBER, Lancaster, Pa. 


(Plate X) 
Culex pipiens Linnaeus. 


This domestic species which loves human habitations, and is 
found throughout the greater portion of the civilized world, is 
the commonest mosquito about Lancaster and other localities 
in Pennsylvania. It is still looked upon as breeding in rain 
barrels or any other receptacle containing fresh water, but I 
have long known this species and most of its varieties and 
some closely allied forms, as barn-yard mosquitoes breeding 
in manure water. In the plate is shown a typical breed- 
place, where a sufficient number of eggs were deposited every 
day during the season to more than supply each inhabitant of 
the city with a mosquito of this species alone, aside from the 
more dangerous species of Anopheles and others. ‘The obser- 
vations made in this combination of neglected door yards and 
manure yards for three stables during the summer of 1904 and 
1905 show the percentage of adults produced from a certain 
number of eggs deposited to be sufficient also to supply the 
eastern section of Pennsylvania with C. pzpiens mosquitoes. 

In one yard was found a nest of 3 rain barrels, in the other 
were two, making 5 rain barrels, 3 manure piles, 3 water 
closets and some tin cans, agate-ware pots, etc., containing 
water with larvee, In the left hand corner of the stable yard 
is shown a portion of a manure pit containing water from 
which a one gallon dip, taken last October, brought over 2000 
C. pipiens larvee, which furnishes an idea of its contents. The 


water in one of the rain barrels when first seen was so packed 


with larve that for over one-half inch from the surface it was 
about the consistency of gelatine. One of the most interesting 
facts with.reference to the breeding habits in the rain barrel as 
compared with the manure water is the choice of the various 
species or varieties of species under the shield of C. pipiens. 


In the number of larvee mentioned there were 14 distinctively — 


‘characterized species, which resulted in five separate forms of 
adults which were not found breeding in the rain barrels so 
close by. peti | 


‘Vd “YSLSVONVT SO ALIO BHL NI 2GIONOSd GNV SaIT4 
SNOVYdONdOD ‘SJOLINDSOW YOS JOVId ONILVNYSGIH GNV DNIGSSYHS IVOIdAL V 


er, 


TIAX “TOA SMON ‘LNG 


rd 
. 
we 


My 


June, ’06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 215 


The first appearance of C. pipiens in the season of 1905 was 
noticed in the evening of April 14th. In 1906 it appeared 
April 17th; the first deposit of eggs was made April 21st—2 
masses—hatched April 28th. Three masses of April 28th 
hatched April 30th; on the latter date 4 masses were deposi- 
ted; May 2nd, 10 masses; May 3rd, 17th and May 14th, 33 
masses in one rain barrel. Let us note the egg deposits in cne 
barrel throughout the season of 1905: On May oth (the first 
deposit), 2 masses; May roth, 10 masses, then more or less 
every day, and a few cool days no deposits. In June the high- 
est number deposited was 16 masses. In July the number 
reached from 18 to 30, and in some prolific depositing periods 
through the month of August, 34 were found. A count of 34 
masses, September 1oth, showed 6962 eggs as the deposit of a 
single night ; October rst, 26 masses, 6554 eggs; October 2nd, 
38 masses, 6525 eggs. Egg laying now decreased to 6 or more 
masses, some days none, and on a warm day, as October roth, 
21 masses—4429 eggs ; no more deposits from that on to Octo- 
ber 15th, 273 masses; then October 17th, 12 masses; October 
20th, 4 masses; October 25th, 6 masses. No eggs were de- 
posited from the last date until November Ist, 7 a.m., 1905, 
which was the last deposition of the season, and was made in 
a bucket containing manure water. The last deposition which 
took place in 1904 was 2 masses on October 31st. 

The time of egg laying changes with the stage of the season. 
Most of it is expected in the early morning hour. In spring 
it does not occur as early as in mid summer, in the latter 
part of August it is already at about 6 a.m. that the last de- 
positions are noted, and by the closing of the season 7 a.m., 
and a deposition has been found as late as 10 a.m. in the latter 
part of October, but at no time have I observed any deposits 
in day time during the summer. | | 

The minimum duration of the entire life round for C. Azpzens 
as observed during the month of July was eight days and nine 
hours. This is possibly the shortest period on record for this 
species. —The mass was composed of 392 eggs and was remark- 
able for its percentage of production, which was 365 adults— 

159 males and 206 females, and still more remarkable is the 


216 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [June, ’06 


fact that they were bred in a rain barrel which had been re- 
cently used for petroleum. ‘The atmospheric conditions and 
environment are the main features in the different stages of 
the life history, which varies greatly according to these influ- 
ences. This species is possessed with a high degree of tena- 
city, as shown by experiments which can not receive mention 
here. Its power of resistence to cold is unusual. In a collec- 
tion of 26 masses of eggs, October 12, 1904, 12 masses hatched 
October 15th; 5 more hatched on October 18th, and the rest 
became water logged. These larva were kept for winter ob- 
servation. On the morning of November 1, 1904, a rain bar- 
rel was found frozen over, the ice being about % inch thick, 
with the larvee imbedded and apparently lifeless. Some were 
taken in the house and thawed out, while others were left in 
the barrel to thaw out through the day. Of too larva so 
treated only 3 were found dead, which was apparently due to 
injury between the cakes of ice. The other larve in the same 
barrel seemed not affected, more than a check to their usual 
activity. On November 12th the barrel was again frozen over 
and 57 larvee were taken out, which were solidly imbedded in 
ice ; after thawing out, 5 were dead from injury, and the bal- 
ance were as lively asbefore. The larve now diminished in 
numbers. ‘Through flooding of the barrel the remainder were 
lost. Of the 52 taken from the barrel after being frozen twice, 
twenty were found dead November 15th. From November 
17th to 22nd there were 9 pupations: 1 on the former and 5 
on the latter date, though first issues were November 24th, 1 
é and1 9. The last issue occurred December 12th, with a 
total of 14 adults, 7 6 and7 9, after being frozen twice. 
This is not the least this species or varieties of the same will 
endure since I have made numerous other observations, and in 
some instances they have even been allowed to freeze in ice 
from three to four times in larval and pupal state, and have 
come to maturity. In one instance a particular variety of a 
generation hatched September 25, 1905, 305 larvee were en- 
tirely frozen in ice on the nights of November 2, 3, 11 12 and 
13; for the first four days they were thawed out by noon of 
each day, but on the last day of freezing remained in the ice 


June, ’06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 217 


for over 24 hours. After all these hardships the larve were 
lively, and were now taken indoors, but in a few days most of 
the number died. A small number survived, which pupated, 
and by December oth 1 % andr 9? issued; after being per- 
fectly dried up in a bucket for one week 15 larvee were found 
dead, and from 7 pup in the same condition issued 3 % and 
4 9 on December 16 and 17, 1905. ‘The same is practically 
true of another generation of a different variety of the same 
species, which was allowed to go through the same process at 
the time. 3 

The last larvee from masses of October 12, 1904, died Febru- 
ary 14, 1905. ‘The last larvee and pupa, which died and were 
from the season of 1905, were from eggs deposited October 
gth in the evening, and hatched October 14th, died March 10, 
1906 ; this extends the period of prolonged larval existence to 
almost 5 months. This is not only a feature in winter, but. 
may occur in regular season, when, from want.of food, larval 
life may be extended 4 or six weeks and over. 

Some of the species associated with C. pzpzens in rain barrels 
of the yards in question were C.' restuans Theo., C. territans 
Walk., C. salinarius Coq. and Anopheles punctipennis Say. 

Observations of extremely interesting character, with refer- 
ence to larve and adults, is a record of 50 egg masses of 
Culex pipiens, including the study of antecedents and progeny. 
’The total number of eggs was 15,056, which, under various 
conditions, produced 7959 adults, of which 3984 were males 


and 3975 were females. 
(To be continued) 


A New Cantharis. 


By HENRY SKINNER. 


Cantharis pilsbryi n. sp —Black, shining, head with a red spot in the 
centre ; sides of thorax red. Head convex and shining, with but few 
punctures, hind angles obtuse. Thorax nearly round, slightly convex, 
with few punctures. Elytra moderately robust, black, feebly shining. 
This species is of the same size as desertico/a, and the elytra have practi- 
cally the same character of reticulation. The red spot in the centre of 
the head and the red sides of the thorax distinguish it from the other spe- 
cies. Length 22 mm. 


Described from five specimens taken by Prof. H. A. Pilsbry 
at High Bridge, Pecos River, Texas, April 27th. 


218 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [June, ’06 


A New Method of Preparing Wings and Other Parts 
of Insects For Study. 
By W. V. Tower, B. S., Amherst, Mass. 


In ENTOMOLOGICAL NEws for January, 1905, page 28, 
there appeared a note referring to some mounts of Lepidoptera 
prepared by Dr. P. P. Calvert to show the venation of the 
wings. For this purpose he used a ten per cent. solution of 
caustic potash as a bleaching agent, after which the wings 
were washed and then stained in a watery solution of Bor- 
deaux red for twenty-four hours. Upon removal from the 
stain they were washed, floated onto cards and allowed to dry. 

Several trials of this method failed to give satisfactory re- 
sults, and, thinking there was a chance for improvement, a 
number of experiments were carried on at the Entomological 
Laboratory of the Massachusetts Agricultural College, which 
gave the following results : | 


METHODS. 

1. Placethe wings to be bleached in a crucible partly filled 
with hydrogen peroxide and cover ; boil until the scales are 
thoroughly bleached, then wash in water and then in seventy 
per cent. alcohol fifteen minutes in each. While the wings 
are washing smooth out with a fine camel’s hair brush to 
loosen many of the scales and render the wings more trans- 
parent. After-washing, stain from one to three hours with 
cyanin, gentian violet, Bordeaux red (six hours in this case) 
or rosaniline, then remove and wash for fifteen minutes in fifty 
per cent. alcohol and thirty minutes in water. At this point 
thorough washing is very important as air bubbles and more 
or less surplus stain have worked in between the two mem- 
branes of the wing. These can be removed by pressure with 
a camel’s hair brush, gently forcing them out at the base of 
the wing. It is a good practice to repeat this washing; then 
mount in glycerine jelly. 

2. Balsam mounts. Bleach with hydrogen peroxid as 
above, then wash in water and in fifty per cent, alcohol, fif- 
teen minutes in each; remove and stain in cyanin for two 
hours, then wash in fifty, seventy and ninety per cent. aleo- 
hol, ten minutes in each, removing surplus stain and air bub- 


June, ’06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 219 


bles, as explained above; then clear in oil of cloves and 
mount in xylol balsam. 

The time required for treating wings by this method is the 
same as by the last, and the results are equally good. 

3. Unstained mounts. Wings to be mounted without 
staining should be bleached with hydrogen peroxid as al- 
ready described. After washing in water and removing the 
air bubbles, mount directly in glycerine jelly. 

Wings treated by this method cannot be successfully photo- 
graphed, whereas excellent photographs can be obtained from 
wings prepared by the first two methods. 

Hither of these methods require less time than that de- 

scribed by Dr. Calvert* or by the use of the Labarraque solu- 
tion, and the venation resulting is more distinct. 

Hydrogen peroxid of three per cent. strength is prepared 
by many wholesale drug houses, and various trade names are 
used for the product, but all of these preparations which were 
tried gave equally good results. Asthis substance when warm 
oxidizes metallic instruments it is advisable to use a wooden 
lifter in transferring the wings or other parts treated from one 
medium to another. 

Although the stains already named have given the best re- 
sults, the following have been tried: Cyanin, rosaniline, 
gentian violet, Bordeaux red, erythrosin, safranin, acid fuch- 
sin, paracarmine, Grenacher’s borax-carmine, Delafield’s heem- 
atoxylin, Ehrlich’s acid hematoxylin, Delafield’s borax-car- 
mine, methyl blue, orange G, analine hydrate chlorid and silver 
nitrate. Wings prepared and then stained with cyanin, ros- 
aniline or gentian violet are excellent for immediate study, 
while those stained with Bordeaux red, erythrosin or safranin 
make good mounts from which to obtain photographs. 

Hydrogen petoxid has also proved useful to bleach the 
antennze, legs and mouth parts as well as the wings of Hymen- 
optera, and fuliginous wings of other insects are rendered much 
lighter by its use, while the tearing often caused by boiling 
such parts in potash seems to be avoided in this method of treat- 
ment. ‘The bleaching proceeds faster after the peroxid has been 
boiled down somewhat, thus becoming more concentrated. 


* [It should be noted that my method was devised for a special need for dyy mounts.— 
P. P. CALVERT. ] 


220 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [June, ’06 


A New Sawily. 
By T. D. A. CocKERELL,. 


‘ A nematid sawfly has attracted attention by its appearance 
in the streets of Boulder this spring, being one of the earliest 
insects on the wing. As it does not agree with any described 
species, a description is offered : 


Pteronus arapahonum n. sp. 
o\.--Length about 7 mm.; anterior wing 62. In Marlatt’s table (Revis. 

Nematinz, p. 44) it runs near to P. ribesii Scop., from which it differs in 
the coloration of the thorax above, the mesothoracic plates being solid 
black, the long third cubital cell, etc. Head and mesothorax shining 
black, the latter minutely but distinctly punctured ; triangular mark be- 
tween antenne, and broad anterior margin of clypeus (which is broadly 
but shallowly emarginate) reddish yellow ; base of mandibles and labrum 
(which is quite large) dull whitish yellow ; orbits dark, except a minute 
reddish spot at the top of the eyes ; antennz reddish yellow beneath and 
black above, the colors sharply contrasting ; joint 4 a little longer than 3; 
scutellum except.a large spot at base, postscutellum, lobes of pronotum, 
and most of upper half of epimeron, reddish yellow ; lower half and more 
of epimeron entirely black ; legs light reddish yellow, the coxe, trochan- 
ters and bases of femora yellowish white ; apex of hind tibia, and their 
tarsi, blackened ; wings hyaline (a little dusky), iridescent, the stigma 
(which is very large and broad) and nervures black ; transverse costal 
nervure only slightly oblique and avout half as far below basal as basal is 
before first cubital cell; third cubital cell much longer than its apical 
breadth ; second r. n. almost as far from base of third cubital cell as the 
breadth of the base of latter; upper discal cell of hind wings surpassing 
lower at the point of junction ; abdomen reddish yellow, the two basal 
segments more or less infuscated; apical part of sheath black; claws 
strongly bifid, the teeth parallel and about equal. 

Var. a.—Middle of scutellum infuscated ; light color on epimeron reduced 
to a transverse mark ; third abdominal segment slightly infus- 
cated in subdorsal region. 

Var. b.—Transverse costal nervure only a short distance before basal. 

Var. c.--Third cubital cell much higher, especially at.base. 


fab. —Boulder, Colorado, April 6th (T. D. A. Cockerell) ; 
April 15th (W. P. Cockerell) ; April roth (S. A. Rohwer). 


40> 
=—or- 


THE REyv. C. J. S. BETHUNE has been appointed professor of entomo- 
logy at the Agricultural College «at Guelph, Ontario, Canada, to which 
place all communications should be sent. — 


ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 


[The Conductors of ENToMOLOGICcAL News solicit and will thankfully receive items 
of news likely to interest its readers from any source. The author’s name will be given 
in each case, for the information of cataloguers and bibliographers. ] 


To Contributors.—All contributions will be considered and passed upon at our 
earliest convenience, and, as far as may be, will be published according to date of recep- 
tion. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEws has reached a circulation, both in numbers and circumfer- 
ence, as to make it necessary to put ‘‘ copy ”’ into the hands of the printer, for each num- 
ber, three weeks before date of issue. This should be remembered in sending special or 
important matter for a certain issue. Twenty-five ‘‘ extras,” without change in form, 
will be given free, when they are wanted ; and this should be so stated on the MS., along 
with the number desired. The receipt of all papers will be acknowledged.—Ep. 


PHILADELPHIA, Pa., JUNE, 1906. 


Apart from the general loss of life and property brought 
about by the earthquake in San Francisco, entomologists have 
doubtless been especially interested in their brethern and co- 
workers in that unfortunate city and anxious to know how 
they fared. ‘These questions are as well answered as may be 
at the present time by Dr. Van Dyke in another part of this 
issue. All did not fare alike. ‘To the fortunate ones we send 
congratulations, and to the others our profound sympathy for 

what they have lost. 

We would like to be of aid to those who have lost not only 
their collections and books, but property and employment. We 
therefore ask our subscribers to aid in helping those that 
suffered most. We will gladly receive subscriptions to be 
transmitted to entomologists, and will make a proper distribu- 
tion of any money entrusted to us. The names of donors will 
be published in the News, but not the amounts subscribed. 


44> 
“or 


BULLETIN OF THE BRITISH COLUMBIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. — 
The first number of this quarterly has appeared. The formation of this 
Society and the publishing of its Bulletin show very commendable enter- 
prise. The officers are as follows: President, G. W. Taylor ; Vice-Pres- 
ident, T. Wilson; Secretary, R. V. Harvey. There are at present 21 
members. 

224 


322 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [June, ’06 


Notes and News. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL GLEANINGS FROM ALL QUARTERS 
OF THE GLOBE. 


THE entomological laboratories and collections at Stanford University 
suffered practically no injury from the recent earthquake in California. 
The Stanford buildings, which were wrecked, were the arch, church and 
new museum, library and gymnasium, the latter two being in course of 
erection. The various quadrangle buildings, dormitories, etc., were only 
slightly injured. University work will begun again on August 23rd, the 
regular date for the opening of the next college year.—VERNON L. 
KELLOGG. ' 


EARTHQUAKE AND FIRE NOTEs FROM SAN FRANCISCO.—I have been 

collecting, as best I could, all information pertaining to the losses sustained 
by our local entomological fraternity, with a view to having it published 
in the Ent. NEws. 
_ From the Academy there were saved simply the boxes containing the 
types of the Coleoptera, Hemiptera and Hymenoptera. All else in our 
department was lost. The Behr collection of Lepidoptera, our general 
collection of insects, including all our types of Odonata, Arachnida, etc., 
and our entire library. 

Of private collections, the greatest loss was that sustained by Mr. Chas. 
Fuchs, he having saved only about twenty-two boxes of specimens, these 
consisting of his generic collection of Coleoptera. All his books, I think, 
were burned. Mr. James Cottle lost his entire collection of Lepidoptera 
and all except one or two of his books. The Beverley Letcher collection 
of Lepidoptera and Coleoptera and the library, which was stored in Mr. 
Cottle’s house, was also destroyed. I have heard that Mr. J. C. Hugue- 
nin lost his collection. That would leave the collection of Mr. F. X. 
Williams, which was in the unburned district, as the only good collection 
of Lepidoptera in the city. The owner is still away on our Galapagos 
Island Expedition, where heis, according to recent letters, doing splendid 
work. Dr. F. E. Blaisdell had one of his two cases of Coleoptera over- 
turned by the earthquake. This of course resulted in the mangling of 
many of his specimens. All specimens of /eodes loaned to him for pur- 
poses of study, were uninjured. The collection of Coccide belonging to 
Mr. E. M. Ehrhorn, was, so far as I could learn, unharmed. My own 
collection of Coleoptera was also unharmed. I simply lost all that was in 
my down-town office. 

As a whole, our greatest loss will be our libraries, every big one in the 
city being burned. The Academy of Science simply saved its records, 
about one set of its own publications, and six other volumes. Our good 
friends among the scientific institutions of the country could therefore be 
of great assistance to us if they would reserve as complete a set of their 
publications as possible for us until the time when one will have a proper 


June, ’06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 7 223 


place to deposit them and our finances in condition to begin purchasing 
them. For some time we will have to depend upon the libraries of our 
two universities. 

This has been a tremendous blow to us all and rare is the person who 
has not lost something. First was the earthquake, which, though caus- 
ing the loss of a great many lives and much destruction, would not have 
been greatly noticed. It was the fire that did the great damage, destroy- 
ing all of the city, except a mere fringe of residences. Dr. Blaisdell and 
T were fortunately in this belt. The Academy was so much injured by 
the earthquake that it was only with the greatest difficulty that what few 
things were saved could be gotten out. Our Director, Mr. Loomis ; our 
Botanist, Miss Eastwood ; and our Librarian, Miss Hyde, did what they 
could. 

The loss in valuables, such as books, pictures, bric-a-brac, records, etc., 
has been tremendous, for San Francisco was a wealthy city, and had 
many priceless things stored in both public and private places. Of his- 
toric places we saved but two, the Museum Dolores and the U. S. Mint. 
The Pioneer Hall, with its old records and historic relics is a ruin. For- 
tunately the H. H. Bancroft Library of Early California Records, a price- 
less library of its kind, now belonging to the University of California, was 
saved. All other libraries were burned ; the Sutro with about two hun- 
dred thousand volumes, particularly rich in Shakesperiana and Fifteenth 
and Sixteenth Century books and manuscripts ; the Public, the Mechan- 
ics-Mercantile, the Library of St. Ignatius College, where were stored 
many very valuable original manuscripts, all law libraries, and the library 
of our own Academy. In the latter, we calculate that we had about 
twenty-five thousand dollars’ worth of books which cannot be duplicated. 

There was, fortunately, a great deal of money stored in the Mint and 
in our banks, which will soon be available. This will enable our busi-. 
ness people, who are working like trojans, to begin on the work of re- 
building, almost immediately. In a few years our city will be fairer and 
almost as extensive as ever. It will always be great to those who love 
it, and though it may secure many new valuables, will I fear never have 
again many of the things that some of us knew it possessed. 

The conditions now are somewhat like those in a bristling frontier set- 

-tlement. The streets in the unburned districts are crowded, signs are 
everywhere, big firms doing business from stores that were formerly 
small stock ones, from private residences, or from counters in vacant 
lots ; troops patrolling all districts night and day, while all cooking has 
still to be done in the streets, all of our chimneys being injured to such an 
extent as to make it dangerous to make a fire indoors. Many are being 
taken care of by our outlying cities and towns, and many have gone to 
distant relatives or locations. There are, however, a sufficient number 
whose interests or whose love is too great to allow of their leaving the 
stricken city. The blow, while falling heavily upon the wealthy, will 
cause most suffering among the small clerks, and next among the pro- 


224 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Tune, ’06 


fessional people. Many of the latter lost their all and have been obliged 
to leave town. The mechanics and laborers will have more work than 
they can attend to. In fact, many of the laborers are. better cared for 
than they have ever been before. This is due to the generosity of our 
good friends throughout the world. It enabled the rest of us to get our 
breath. Now retail stores are open, and we can begin to live somewhat 
as we could before. 

Dr. Blaisdell will, I think, be able to remain in town and to continue 
his work as before. Mr. Fuchs cannot expect any work for some time to 
come from the Academy, but fortunately has his craft to rely upon. He 
saved his tools and is already, so I am informed, hard at work. He is 
still cheerful. For the benefit of those who wish to communicate with 
the burned-out ones, I will give the addresses that I have procured: Mr. 
Charles Fuchs, 2322 Bank St., Alameda, Cal.; Dr. F. E. Blaisdell, 1800 
O’Farrell St., San Francisco ; Mr. James Cottle, 2117% Bush St., San 
Francisco ; California Academy of Sciences, 1806 Post St., San Francisco. 

None of our entomologists were injured and all hopeful for the future. 
To all good friends and well-wishers, please give our most heartfelt 
thanks.—EpwIn C. VAN DyKg, 2112 Steiner St, San Francisco, Cal. 


Dr. Dvyar’s SQUARE DEALING.—Readers of ENT. NEws who have 
seen a copy of the remarkable paper reviewed in the May number (page 
181) will no doubt be interested to learn something about the circumstan- 
ces which preceded its preparation and hurried publication. As soon as 
Mr. Busck returned from his collecting trip to the West Indies last fall, 
and turned over to me the specimens of mosquitoes collected, I at once 
began separating the larve and larval skins into species, intending after- 
ward to associate them with the bred adults and then definitely identify 
the various species ; in this way both the larvz and the adults would have 
been identified with reascnable certainty. Dr. H. G. Dyar, however, to 
whom had been promised the immature stages of the mosquitoes for 
writing up for the Carnegie monograph, began to clamor for these, de- 
manding that they be turned over to him a¢ once, and so persistent and 
vehement was he in his demands that an order was issued directing me 
to immediately place this material in his possession. I was further 
instructed to prepare a provisional list of the bred adults, which I did, 
marking with a query those species that I was not certain of, and Dyar 
was instructed to correct this list, indicating those cases, if there were 
any, where I had confused two species under one name, etc., but this he 
refused to do. Instead, he prepared and hurriedly published the paper 
referred to, giving my tentative names but without a word of explanation 
in regard to their being only provisional, although well aware of the fact 
that they were so. Moreover, in several cases he has omitted the mark 
of interrogation, while in others he has craftily transferred it from the 
name of the species to that of the genus, thus intentionally giving the 
false impression that it was the genus and not the species that I was in 
doubt about.—D. W. CoouILLEtTrt. 


June, ’06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 225 


A New ENTOMOLOGICAL SoctEty.—The Hawaiian Entomological 
Society was formed December 15, 1904, and the first meeting held Janu- 
ary 26, 1905. The present officers are: President, R. C. L. Perkins; 
Vice-President, G. W. Kirkaldy ; Secretary-Treasurer, Jacob Kotinsky ; 
Executive Committee, Otto H. Swezey and D. L. Van Dine; Editors of 
the Proceedings, G. W. Kirkaldy and Otto H. Swezey. Volume I of the 
Proceedings (for the year 1905) has been issued. It contains important 
and interesting articles, mostly relating to the local fauna. We wish the 
new Society great success and prosperity. 


AS STEMMED folyphemus cocoons are in order, your readers may be 
interested in my experience. I have been collecting about seven winters 
in Worcester and Amherst, Mass., and in that time have found on the 
_ average about two attached cocoons each season. All these, except one, 
were on white birches (a/ba, weeping, populifolia and papyracea). That 
_ one was onaswamp maple. Of these all, except one on B. populifolia, 

"were accidentally attached, but that one had a regular stem like a prome- 
thea, but very weak and short. This experience seems just the reverse 
of Dr. Kunze’s, as not one attached cocoon was on oak, or overhanging 
a street. On the other hand I have found caterpillars as common on 
such trees as the others. A few weeks ago I found a promethea on some 
cultivated bush with sessile leaves, which was made without a stem, but 
attached directly.—Wwm. T. M. Forsgs. 


ALL the material for my book ‘‘ The Butterflies of the West Coast” 
in the hands of the publishers, including finished books, plates, stereo- 
type plates, etc., all is doubtless gone up in smoke, and nothing saved 
except a few copies in my hands here. I have not yet had positive infor- 
mation from them, but as they were in the centre of the burnt district I 
have no hope of anything having been saved. The stereotype plates 
being lost, the book will not be reprinted.—W. G. WRIGHT. 


Dr. McCoox’s health is so far restored as to permit him to resume 
pulpit and platform duty. He therefor announces that he will accept — 
engagements for special lectures, singly or in courses, in theological 
seminaries, universities, colleges, academies, private schools, scientific 
clubs and literary associations. 

A list of subjects is appended for selection. An early correspondence is 
invited, which may be addressed to Dr. Henry C. McCook, Devon, Pa.: 
1. The Home and Habits of American Ants. A general view of ant life 
(illustrated) ; 2. Mound-making Ants of the Alleghenies (illustrated) ; 3. 
Agricultural and Harvesting Ants (illustrated) ; 4. The Honey Ants of 
the Garden-of-the-gods (illustrated) ; 5. Carpenter, Cutting and Slave- 
holding Ants (illustrated) ; 6. Maternal Industry and Baby-life of Spiders 
(illustrated); 7. Trap-door Spiders—their Architecture and Enemies 
(illustrated). 


226 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [June, ’06 


Doings of Societies. 


The 18th regular quarterly meeting of the Pacific Coast 
Entomological Society was held on November 18, 1905, at the 
residence of E. M. Ehrhorn, 2524 Filbert Street, San Fran- 
cisco. President Fuchs in the chair. Fifteen members were 
present. 

Prof. J. J. Rivers reported the taking of Eudamus proteus at 
Santa Monica, California. 

Prof. J. M. Aldrich gave an interesting talk on Diptera. 

Mr. J. G. Grundel reported a trip to the Santa Lucia Mts., 
in San Luis Obispo Co. He found that the Catocalz about 
willows varied greatly in color and selected spots resembling 
their coloration ; he wondered whether they were conscious of 
their color. 

Mr. Fuchs determined some Coleoptera taken by Mr. Grun- 
del, namely : Cychrus convergens var., Cicindela oregona, and 
Pterostichus castaneipes. He exhibited some Sesiidze bred from 
blackberry, peach and wild cherry, and a species of Satyrus 
from San Luis Obispo County, a Hepialus sp., and Catocale 
from Alma, Santa Clara County. 

Miss Julia Wright a box of exotic Coleoptera from Ceylon. 

Prof. J. M. Aldrich a Calotarsa n. sp. from near Palo Alto, 
California. 


The roth regular quarterly meeting of the Pacific Coast 
Entomological Society was held at the Café Odeon, February 
17th, 1906, No. 8 O’Farrell Street, San Francisco. President 
Fuchs in the chair. Twelve members were present. 

Prof. J. M. Aldrich gave an interesting talk on collecting 
and mounting Diptera. He advised the use of the black 
Klaeger pins, especially size No. 1, also No. 2 for the larger 
specimens, too large pins should not be used. The pin should 
be passed through the thorax at centre or to one side, accord- 
ing to the value of the median bristles in classification. The 
cyanide bottle should always be kept dry within, and speci- 
mens should be collected singly and closely watched at the 
time for the purpose of learning their habits. 

Dr. E. C. Van Dyke read two papers that may be epito- 


June, ’06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 227 


_ mized as follows: He first dealt with the genus Leftura, par- 
ticular reference being made to the species found in North 
America. He spoke of the fact that this, a Palearctic and 
Nearctic genus of about 175 species, was represented in this 
country by about 75 species, several being undescribed, or 
about three times the number found in Europe. 

_. Two exceptions to the general northern distribution men- 
tioned were the two species from the highlands of Central 
Mexico. Mention was then made of the distribution of var- 
ious groups of these and the relationship that the various 
members bore to each other. A careful study of the species 
he said brought out many interesting facts, one being that the 
Rocky Mountains alone supported no well-marked species— 
_Leptura nigrolineata being considered at most a very weak | 
one, though they did harbor several rather interesting varieties. 
The Sierras, the humid coast belt of the Pacific and the Alle- 
ghanies, each claimed one or more very distinct species. The 
Doctor considered that L. guadrillum was closely related to LZ. 
veratrix, and that cuditalis was not a Leptura at all but an 
Acm@ops and closely related to dasalis. 

Later on in the evening he went over the species, and with 
the aid of the specimens from his collection and a number 
loaned by Mr. Fuchs to make the series more complete, 
pointed out many peculiarities. Of 47 West Coast species 
known to him, all but three were shown. 

In the second paper an effort was made to show wherein the 
fauna of the West Coast more closely resembled that of Europe 
and North Asia, than did that to the east of the Rocky Mts. 
Mention was made of the statement made many years ago by 
Prof. Asa Gray, that the flora of Eastern North America as a 
whole was more closely related to that of the Japano-Manchur- 
ian region than was that of the west coast. 

_ The insect fauna of the same regions was also found to bear 
a similar relationship. ‘The reason the Doctor gave for this, 
was that the parts of the flora and fauna, which bore this close 
relationship, were as a rule restricted to low levels, where 
there was both plenty of sun and moisture. In past geologi- 
cal ages there was at northern latitudes a great area of com- 
paratively low land which made it possible for both these areas 


228 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [June, 06 


to gain their species from the same source. ‘The West Coast 
could not get this fauna, because at that period it was barri- 
caded at the north by great highlands, or else densely forested 
and quite cool lowlands, districts which the more sun-loving 
species would not penetrate. The mountains and cool-loving 
species of the Eastern Continent would here, however, find a 
congenial home, and as much as the mountain systems of the 
two Continents there came in close touch with each other, it 
was a simple matter that there should result a settlement of both 
regions with a related fauna. ‘This is what no doubt occurred 
and it is with regard to this fauna—the fauna of the mount- 
ains and the cool lowlands, that the West Coast is more closely 
_ related to the Palearctic than is that of the eastern part of this 
country. 

In order to bring out this point the more forcibly, he gave 
the distribution of all the known species of certain genera of 
the Silphide, the list including the following: Vecrophilus, 
Hadrame, Pelates, Pteroloma, Agyrtes, Spherites (one of the 
Nitidulidze, according to Ganglbauer), Lyvosoma, Pinodytes, 
Platycholeus. Tater on, a box containing all of the American 
species of this group with the exception of Pinodytes hamiltontz 
was shown, a new species of Prevoloma among the number. 

Dr. F. E. Blaisdell stated that considerable time had been 
spent on the Gyrinide, and that they needed revision. He 
also stated that he had taken a large series of Gyrinus parcus at 
San Diego, California, a species heretofore not credited to the 
State, but from Texas. 

Mr. F. W. Nunenmacher stated that he had for exhibition a 
box of Hyperaspis arranged according to Casey’s classification. 
fT. g-oculata appears as the western form of uzdulata. 

Mr. Chas. Fuchs read a paper ona trip to the Fort Tejon 
region. | 

Mr. Nunenmacher exhibited two new species of Hyferaspis, 
and a series of 7. dissoluta Cr. as an extreme form of wzdudata. 

Dr. Van Dyke the Lepturz of the U. S. illustrating distri- 
butional areas. 

Miss Julia Wright a box of exotic Coleoptera. 

Dr. Blaisdell a box of Californian Gyrinide. 

F. E. BLAISDELL, M.D., Secretary. . 


June, ’06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 229 


A meeting of the American Entomological Society was held 
April 26, 1906. Dr. Philip P. Calvert, President, in the chair. 
‘Thirteen persons present. 

H. W. Wenzel donated a collection of blind Carabide from 
caves in Austria. 

A letter was read from Dr. C. Brunner von Wattenwy]l, 
acknowledging his election as a corresponding member. 

Mr. Henry L. Viereck made a communication on the nests 
of wild digger-bees. Dr. McCook found about two hundred 
such nests on his place at Devon, and Mr. Viereck made casts 
of about a dozen of these. They ranged from eleven to twelve 
inches in depth, and were mostly straight, with a lateral at the 
end. A cast and entrance of nest were exhibited and the 
method of making the former explained. 

Mr. Rehn exhibited some new or rare Orthoptera, among 
them a new and large Phasmid from Tonkin, and a new J/an- 
tis from the Huachuca Mts. 

Mr. Ilg exhibited a specimen of Biston ursarius new to him 
and taken at Philadelphia. | 

Dr. Skinner exhibited a new Acmcodera from the Huachuca 
Mts., Arizona. 

Mr. Rehn spoke of the collection of Orthoptera made by 
Prof. Snow at San Bernardino Ranch, Arizona, and the inter- 
esting species found. Stagmomantis limbata and carolina were 
mentioned and the differences in their anatomy pointed out. 

Dr. Calvert exhibited a section of a grass-hopper in which a 
malphigian tube passed into the dorsal blood vessel or heart. 
He also said he had kept a lubber grass-hopper (Dictyophorus 
reticulatis) alive in captivity for four months and two weeks. 
Mr. Rehn said the species had been found as far north as 
South Carolina. HENRY SKINNER, Secretary. 


ae Ee 
—_—- 


ProF. M. J. ELRop, in studying the Hesperidz for his interesting work 
on the Butterflies of Montana (Bulletin No. 30, University of Montana), 
evidently used a revision based on male secondary sexual characters, as 
the figure called Och/odes sassacus 2 on page 156 is a Noctuid, Me/ic- 
leptria sueta Grote. No doubt the table he followed ran out quite natu- 
rally to this moth.— HENRY SKINNER. 


230 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [June, ’06 


Mr. Roland Hayward. 


Mr. Roland Hayward died suddenly at his home on Brush Hill 
Road, in Milton, Mass., on April 11th. He was born March 7, 
1865, and was the son of Isaac Davenport and Mary Bartlett 
(Vose) Hayward, and was born and died, as did his father be- 
fore him, in the house on the estate that had been owned by 
his family for eight generations. He was a member of the 
Harvard Class of 1886, though ill health in his senior year pre- 
vented him from taking the examinations for his degree. 

He was for fifteen years a member of the Boston Stock Ex- 
change, and senior partner of the firm of Hayward & Town- 
send, bankers and brokers, but a few years ago retired from 
active business, as his health was never robust and he wished 
to devote himself to scientific pursuits, 

He was an ardent entomologist and possessed a fine collec- 
tion of Coleoptera and an excellent scientific library. He was 
a member of the Boston Society of Natural History, which 
he joined when a boy, and was treasurer of the Cambridge 
Entomological Club. 

He was a lover of nature and delighted in long walks in the 
woods and pastures about his old home. He was a man of the 
strictest integrity, and generous and loyal to his friends. He 
was not married, and leaves one brother, Dr. George G. Hay- 
ward, and one sister, Mrs. Henry W. Cunningham. 

Mr. Hayward was particularly interested in the Carabide, 
and did important work in that family. His studies of Bem- 
bidium and Tachys are well known. He was a careful and 
conscientious worker. An important work on the genus 
Amara was just finished before he died. His large collection 
has been bequeathed to the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 
at Harvard College. His library will go to the Public Library, 
in the town of Milton, Massachusetts. 


40> 
~~“ 


WANTED.—Help in procuring Pennsylvania insects and data or data 
alone of correctly determined species of Pennsylvania insects of all kinds. 
I desire name and locality and notes on food, enemies, habits and haunts, 
if possible, for publishing in a full list of the insects of Pennsylvania.— 
Address H. A. SurFraAce, Economic Zoologist, Harrisburg, Pa, 


~ ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION 


ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA. 


VoL. XVII. 


SEPTEMBER, 1906. 


CONTENTS: 


Rowley—Hunting Catocale in daylight 231 

Rehn—A new species of Eotettix (Acridi- 
dz) from Georgia.............-.... 234 

Davis and Joutel—Observations on Ci- 
cada tibicen L. aud allied forms... 237 


Nason—Parasitic Hymenoptera of Al- 
gonquin, Illinois—V ............... 249 
Hancock—On the Orthopteran genus 
Ageneotettix, with a description of 
a new species from Illinois......... 251 


Swenk—New bees of the genus Colletes 257 


Cockerell—Preoccupied generic names 


MU APIEIROE Soce ence. cctecnccesecs SOO 1 PLGICOP ial... 6 asc ccah RORReEe ei tas ¥ e- 261 
Mitchell—Notes on Tanypus dyari.... 244 | Entomological Literature.............. 262 
Smith—Some new Larridz from Neb. 246 | Notes and News .........seeesssceeees 263 

Doings of Societies : cases causes ccsses 265 


Hunting Catocalae by Daylight. - 
By R. R. RowLe&y, Louisiana, Mo. 


From the standpoint of a laborer, chasing Catocale through 
the tangled shrubs and vines of a valley, up the hillside, over 
logs and stumps, under a noonday sun of mid-July, protected 
only by the friendly shade of the dense foliage, is an exercise 
that the most energetic might not despise. 

Divested of coat and vest, we had scarcely entered the little 
valley before we were dripping wet with perspiration. 

Blinded by sweat and attacked by gnats and mosquitoes, the 
chase was anything but pleasant, and to add to our discomfit- 
ure, swarms of bloodthirsty Chrysopfs pursued us relentlessly. 
These villainous little dipters, bolder than our other torment- 
ors, feared neither the hand nor the hat, and desisted only in 
death. 

Up the little dry run, beneath the naked roots of a venera- 
ble elm, we first came upon the quarry. 

The net had been discarded, and with cyanide jar alone the 
shadowy nooks were closely scanned for the color-protected 


231 


232 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Sept., 06 


prey. Ina particularly dark corner, fast asleep, a handsome 
specimen of Catocala cara was trapped. His flutterings in the 
jar was of short duration and how our hearts beat a tattoo as 
we made him a prisoner. ‘The beauty of his under wings was 
a balm for all our sufferings. A few specimens of C. imnubens 
were taken at the same rendezvous, and we moved on up the 
valley, poking under overhanging banks and among the roots 
of trees half undermined. 

Turning our course np the side of the hill we scrutinized the 
bark of trees for the black-hind-winged species and took C. 
epione and C. retecta on hickory. Other trees gave us the 
lordly xeogama. 

As the July days waned and August suns scorched the 
droughty hill sides, other species were added to the list; 
paleogama, habilis and residua on hickory and hidden away 
in the foliage of the Virginia creeper. 

Amica was abundant on oak in early July, and judzth spar- 
ingly on hickory, vestdua and lucetta scarce at all times. An 
occasional specimen of Azatvzx on walnut, and the gaudy ama- 
trix on bark of like color to his own upper wings. 

The first cava did not furnish us greater delight than the 
first viduwa that flew at our approach across a little ravine and 
folded his wings against the bark of a hickory sapling. His 
capture was comparatively easy, and such a choice fellow he 
was, ‘‘ without spot or blemish.’’ 

Mr. E. Dodge slipped away to a particularly dense wood and 
took Jachrymosa, but the writer never caught sight of that 
species, though he afterward tramped through its haunts again 
and again. 

On the first day of September we were fortunate enough to 
take two fine specimens of vodinsoni on butternut and hickory. 
These were the last of our catches as the weather was never 
favorable after that date. 

Hidden in the cracks of the bark and the irregularities near 
the base of one grizzled old elm, at least a dozen specimens of 
neogama and innubens were routed out of their lurking places 
on several different occasions. The hollows of old stumps and 
often the loose bark of dead trees furnished many specimens of 
innubens and its variety scintillans. 


Sept., 06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 233 


Alone, one hot day in August, we were tramping along the 
south hillside, when a large moth flew from the very base of a 
hickory, straight down the hill toward the bottom. So yellow 
_ did he look at the first glance that we decided it must be an zo. 
He was so suspicious of our actions that he would not allow a 
near approach, but asecond glimpse convinced us that he was 
a Catocala, but we could not determine him specifically. To 
follow him was an easy matter, both because of his size and. 
bright color when on the wing. We were so near him once 
that we had the top of the cyanide jar off and were about ready 
to make a final move when he was off again like an arrow. 

After that, though we followed him to the head of the hol- 
low, we were unable to get near him, and finally darting away 
with several iznubens, he was lost altogether. It was the 
bitterest disappointment of the season, and even now it makes 
us sick at heart to think what a treasure was almost in our 
grasp only to slip away. If we had been nervous when we 
trapped a cara or a vidua, we had a real spell of ‘‘buck ager’’ 
when the great yellow moth led us the chase up the little val- 
ley. It was the most conspicuous Catocola we ever saw. 

At one particularly dark spot beneath a half up-rooted tree 
_ base, on the bank of the little brook, we always found a fine 
cara awaiting us. Day after day we took a fresh one there. 
Once two were within three inches of each other, but the cap- 
ture of one frightened away the other, so our faithful old tree 
could never promise us more than one a trip. 

A single specimen of C. wxor was taken on an oak trunk by 
our companion, Mr. Ralph Rowley, on one August trip. | 

Anyone who has collected Catocala by daylight knows that 
the insect rests with its head down on the bark, the front wings 
entirely covering the treacherously colored hind ones. 

With wings half erect, exposing the highly colored second- 
aries and head up instead of down when he is on the alert or 
trightened, the chances of placing the mouth of the cyanide 
bottle over the wary moth are few. Once thoroughly fright- 
ened a Ca/ocala is hard to catch. 

The tree trunks should be closely inspected before using a 
stick to dislodge any unobserved moths, as chases after fright- 


234 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Sept., ’06 


ened specimens are often fruitless, besides rubbing the stick up 
and down the bark may strike the moth and ruin it for cabinet 
purposes. However, a ‘‘rousting’’ stick is indispensable, as 
the moths are sometimes out of the reach of the jar. Climbing 
may be resorted to in such cases where possible. Hot days are 
the best for Catocalze hunting, but not necessarily sunshiny 
days. 

It has been a puzzle to us to know just what elements of 
weather constitute a Cafocala day. A sultry, sunshiny day 
was our first impression, but we sometimes found hot cloudy 
days just as good. 

It is quite probable that after a night of rain the rnin take 
refuge nearer the ground than at other times. 

Often, unaccountably, there was a scarcity when we expec- 
ted an abundance, and again when we expected little we reaped 
a real harvest, still on hot, bright days there were always 
moths to be found, high or low. 

About dead stumps and old logs we never took other than 
innubens and scintillans, with an occasional neogama. 

White-barked trees, like butternut and hickory, shelter the 
species with light colored upper wings, while the dark-barked 
trees furnish protection to the species with darker upper wings. 
As a matter of fact, each moth seeks the shelter that makes 
his color inconspicuous. So nearly are the bark and the closed 
upper wings of the moth alike in color that even a trained eye 
is often deceived, a most interesting case of protective colora- 
tion. 


=or 


A new species of Eotettix (Acrididae) from Georgia. 
By J. A. G. REHN. 


On January 6, 1906, Mr. Morgan Hebard took a male indi- 
vidual of this genus at T'yty Plantation, south of Thomasville 
and immediately north of the Florida line, in Thomas County, 
Georgia. The specimen proved to represent a very distinct 
new species, which I take great pleasure in dedicating to Mr. 
Hebard. | 


Ne bes 


=o". 


Sept., ’06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 235 


Eotettix hebardi n. sp. 

Type.—%. ‘Tyty Plantation, Thomas Co., Georgia, Janu- 
ary 6, 1906. Hebard collection. 

Allied to £. signatus Scudder, but differing in the narrower 
interspace between the eyes, the broad frontal costa, the ab- 
sence of distinct lateral carinze on the cephalic section of the 
prozona, the rounded caudal margin of the metazona, the 


eon 


Fic, 1.—Zotettix hebardin.sp. Lateral view of type. (x 4.) 


slightly broader interspace between the mesosternal lobes, the 
shorter and more rounded tegmina, the shorter furcula, the 
clavate cerci and less distinct tubercle of the subgenital plate, 
as well as some details of the coloration. S 

The form of the tegmina resembles £. pu- 
sillus Morse, but hebardi is separated from that 
species by the size and the form of the frontal 
costa. From £. palustris Morse the new form 
can be separated by the shape of the supra- 
anal plate and cerci and by numerous color 
characters. 

The shape of the cerci, the rather thick 
blunt form of the prosternal spine and the 
lack of distinct lateral carinz, as well as the 


Fic. 2.--Hotettix P : : 
hebardin.sp. Dor- broad frontal costa seen in this species are at 
sal view of apex. of ‘ . p . etn 
-maleabdomen.(x8.) variance with Scudder’s generic description, 


but this probably requires modification as Scudder knew but 
one of the four species now credited to the genus. 


236 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Sept., ’06 


Form slender, slightly compressed. Head with the occiput distinctly 
arched dorsad of the level of the pronotum ; interocular space nar- 
rower than any portion of the frontal costa; fastigium distinctly but 
not strongly declivent, sulcate; face considerably retreating; frontal 
costa broad, slightly but regularly expanding ventrad, not sulcate; 
eyes large, moderately prominent when viewed dorsad, subovate in 
outline, the cephalic margin somewhat flattened, length about twice 
that of the infra-ocular sulcus ; antennz slightly longer than the head, 
pronotum and tegmina united, proximal joint narrower than the dorsal 
section of the frontal costa. Pronotum slightly tectate, the dorsum nar- 
row, the greatest width contained nearly twice in the length ; cephalic 
margin arcuato-truncate, with a very slight median emargination ; meta- 
zona very closely and deeply punctate; median carina distinct but not 
high, lateral carina indicated only by a blunt angle on both the pro- 
zona and metazona, and a line of coarse punctures on the otherwise 
smooth prozona ; principal tranverse sulcus distinct, cutting the median 
carina at.a point distant from the caudal margin about two-fifths the pro- 
notal length ; lateral lobes very considerably longer than deep, the ceph- 
alic and caudal margins oblique, ventral margin obtuse-angulate. Teg- 
mina about four-fifths the length of the pronotum, subovate, the greatest 
width about two-thirds the length, apical section rounded, subtruncate, 
veins moderately distinct and closely placed, the sutural margins of the 
tegmina separated by a space as wide as the frontal costa. Prosternal 
spine erect, slightly retrorse, thick, blunt. Interspace between the meso- 
sternal lobes nearly twice as long as broad ; metasternal lobes sub-attin- 
gent. Abdomen distinctly compressed, except caudad, the extremity be- 
ing but slightly upturned. Furcula as long as the segment from which they 
arise, flattened, tips divergent. Supra-anal plate elongate-trigonal, deeply 
sulcate mesad, broadly and rather shallowly sulcate laterad. Cerci tap- 
ering in the proximal half, slender mesad, distinctly expanded distad, 
rounded dorsad, and with a rectangulate lobule ventrad, the distal half 
distinctly bent mesad, and falling slightly short of the tip of the supra- 
anal plate. Subgenital plate with the apical margin strongly curved, the 
apical tubercle thick, blunt and separated dorsad from the apical margin 
by adepression. Cephalic and median femora robust, inflated, the ceph- 
alic subfusiform. Caudal femora moderately slender ; caudal tibize with 
fifteen spines on the external margins. 

General color raw umber. Head with two widening patches of seal- 
brown on the occiput, postocular bars distinct and moderately wide, of 
shining black ; eyes burnt umber. Pronotum touched with burnt umber 
dorsad ; postocular bar present on the prozona, slightly broader than 
on the head and with the ventral border more undulate than the dorsad, 
shining black. Tegmina near Prout’s brown. Abdomen with a broad 
bar of blackish on the lateral face, broken on most of the segments 
into a blackish suffusion or blackish spots on the caudal margins of the 
segment. Caudal femora touched with russet, the genicular arches and 


ae a i , ene, ~~ 


a ee a ee ee re 


4 
q 
N 
; 
a 
i 


 Sept., ’06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 237 


the greater portion of the lobes on both faces blackish ; caudal tibiz very 
dull olive-yellow, marked with blackish proximad and the spines of the 
same color. 


MEASUREMENTS : 
Length of body . , ‘ j : P ; 22. mm. 
Length of pronotum . ; F ‘ : ; aed 
Length of tegmen : ; : : ; : 3.6 “ 
Length of caudalfemur . é P : to: ¢"" 


Mr. Hebard has kindly furnished the following note on the 
capture of the type: ‘‘ The specimen was taken in the long- 
leaf pine (Pinus palustris) woods on a very cold day. All 
other forms of insect life seemed absent, but I noticed this 
individual springing about in the jasmine and wire grass with 
great alacrity. It spite of the cold it appeared vigorous, and 
when released from my pocket in a warm room, sprang about 
rapidly, jumping several feet at each spring. 


Observations on Cicada tibicen L, and allied forms. 
By Wm. T. DAvis AND Louis H. JouTEt. 


Dr. Harris in his ‘‘Insects Injurious to Vegetation’’ de- 
scribes Cicada canicularis, which he compares with Cicada 
pruinosa of Say. He also mentions in a foot-note Cicada tibi- 
cen of Linnaeus, which he states is even quite common within 
the limits of the City of New York. Prof. Uhler commenting 
on canicularis in another foot-note says: ‘‘this is nothing more 
than a local variety of C. pruinosa Say ; there is no persistency 
in the form and length of the abdominal valves, and the color- 
ation and extent of pruinescence upon the insect depend upon 
various contingencies to which it is liable.’’ 

Mr. Chas. William Woodworth in his ‘‘ Synopsis of North 
American Cicadidz,’’ published in Psyche, in June, 1888, fol- 
lows the lead of Prof. Uhler, and under Cicada tibicen Linn., 
places as synonyms both Cicada pruinosa and Cicada canicularis. 
Most authors have, since Prof. Uhler’s note, classed the three 
species mentioned by Dr. Harris as one, or at most have con- 
sidered that Cicada canicularis might be entitled to specific 
rank. 


238 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Sept., 06 


To this view the authors of the present paper cannot sub- 
scribe, and after having examined about one hundred individ- 
uals of what Mr. Woodworth would call ¢dzcen, we are strongly 
of the opinion that there are three species. We were first led ~ 
to this view by observing the songs and distribution of the 
Cicadas about New York City, and later we found that the 
specimens could be easily separated into three series. 


TABLE FOR SEPARATING THE MALES. 
Ld 


NAME eet i ae vhatemes COLOR, ETC. 
OPERCULA SEGMENT 
Thorax with few green or © 
brownish marks. 
| Longer than | Nearly | White spots at base of ab- 
C. pruinosa 31-33, mm. broad. V-shaped|domen conspicuous. 
8-10 mm. long Abdomen light colored and 
pruinose beneath. 
Thorax with many green 
or brownish marks, 
Ae broad as White spots at base of ab- 
C. tibicen |30-32 mm. lone More jdomen rarely conspicuous ; 
; U-shaped | most often absent. 
5-6 mm. long : 
Abdomen pruinose beneath 
on sides; central portion 
shining black. 
Markings similar to the 
Broader than last, with spots at base of ab- 
C. canicularis \25-30 mm. long Mote domen rarely present ; more 
3-4 mm. long U-shaped pubescent than either prui- 
nosa or tibicen. 


The description of Cicada tibicen by Linnaeus would do 
equally well for the other two species considered below, but 
we have confined it to what, in our opinion, was the insect 
Dr. Harris had in mind from Manhattan Island, in New York 
City. In addition, there is no doubt as to the insect Dr. Har- 
ris described as canicularis, and the pruinosa of Say is nearly 
as well characterized. 

What we have called the last ventral segment in the follow- 


ee oy ete 


Sept., ’06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. — 239 


ing table is the gouge-shaped piece which terminated the abdo- 
men of the male Czcada on the under side. 

The females of Cicada pruinosa are, as a rule, larger than the 
other two species, and the colors are as given for the males. 
Cicada tibicen females have the many green or brownish mark- 
ings on the thorax, and the abdomen beneath with the central 
portion shining black. Cicada canicularis is the smallest of the 
three, and the females, as well as the males, are more nearly 
covered with a fine pubescence, which is often quite conspicu- 
ous on the dorsal surface of the abdomen. 

It will be observed from the characters mentioned, and much 
more markedly from a series of specimens, that Czcada tibicen 
and Cicada canicularis are more nearly related to each other 
than to Czcada pruznosa. 

Cicada priinosa is abundant on Staten Island, where its 
energetic song forms a conspicuous part of the insect melody 


of mid-summer. In the collection of New Jersey Cicadas ex- 


amined by us through the courtesy of Prof. J. B. Smith and 
Mr. Edgar L.. Dickerson, there are specimens from New Bruns- 
wick and the Orange Mountains. 

Cicaden tibicen is not so common as the last species on Staten 
Island, but is more abundant on Manhattan Island, as at Mt. 
Morris Park for instance. It is also to be found on top of the 
Palisades at Fort Lee. Other localities are New Brunswick, 
Bayside and near Normanock in New Jersey. Its song is not 
so energetic or loud as that of pruznosa. | 

Cicada canicularis is more especially to be found on some of 
the sandy portions of Staten Island, and is otherwise widely 
distributed. We have seen specimens from Lakehurst, Sparta 
and Chester in New Jersey; from Sullivan Co., New York ; 
Thousand Islands in the St. Lawrence River, and Lake St. 
Joseph, Quebec. Its song is quite different in tone from that 
of the other two species, and it may be told by it alone. 


<0 e 
=r 


Mr. Cockroach.—‘‘ The doctor tells me that I have one foot in the 
grave.”’ 
Mr. Centipede.—“ Oh, 1 wouldn’t let a little thing like that worry me.”’ 


240 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Sept., ’06 


Preoccupied Generic names of Coleoptera. 
By T. D. A. COCKERELL. 


In the course of my work on the list of Coleoptera of New 
Mexico, I have been struck by the number of preoccupied 
generic names which are still allowed to stand in our cata- 
logues. It occurred to me that it would be a useful service to 
make a complete list of these, and to this end I have examined 
every name given as valid in Henshaw’s list, with respect to 
homonomy. Asa result, I find nearly fifty names which are 
absolute homonyms, and a large number which differ from 
earlier named only in some minor feature (e. g. termination 
indicating gender), and would be considered homonyms by 
many. ‘These latter should not, I think, be disturbed. I 
have not examined the names of the numerous genera described 
in recent years, since the publication of Henshaw’s catalogue. 
In my manuscript, I have provided substitute names for nearly 
all the homonyms, but only part of them are given here, as 
although I have made much search for available synonyms 
myself, and the list has been kindly looked over by Mr. Fall, 
there is still a probability that several available substitute 
names will be discovered in the older literature. It is hoped 
that those who are aware of such will record them. 


CARABID. — 
Diplochelia Brullé, 1835 (Diplochila of our lists), is Rembus, Latr.» 
1817. The latter name-was alleged to be preoccupied, but ap- 
parently in error; hence it should be used for our species. 
2. Diaphorus Dej., 1831 (not Meig., 1824). 
Euproctus Sol., 1851 (not Gené., 1840). 
4. Nothopus Lec., 1852, is Euryderus Lec., 1848, not Hurydera Lap. I 
do not consider these names the same, and think that Zuzy- 
derus should be restored. 


HYDROPHILIDE. 
5. Helopeitis Horn, 1873 (not Signoret, 1858) = Hlelopeltina n. n.; spe- 
cies Helopeltina larvalis (Horn). 
SILPHID/. 


6. Pelates Horn, 1880 (not Fisch, not Cuvier) = Pe/atines n. n.; spe- 
cies Pelatines latus (Mann.). 

7. Aglyptus Lec., 1866 (not Foerst, 1856) = Aglyptinus n. n.; species 
Aglyptinus levis (Lec.). 


_ 
. 


Y 


" ne 4 - ; ~ 
FETT oe ee eh eae aa Mae 


Sept., ’06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 241 


STAPHYLINIDE. 


8. Folystoma Steph., 1835 (not Zed., 1800) ; Amplenota Casey, 1884, is 
available. 

8. Tanygnathus Er., 1837 (not Wagl., 1832). 

10. Zrigonophorus Nordm., 1837 (not Hope, 1831, not Steph., 1829). 

11. Megalops Er. (not Lacép., 1803). 

12. Lphelis Fauvel, 1883 (not Lederer, 1863) = Ephelinus n. n.; species 
Ephelinius guttatus (Lec.), E. pallidus (Lec.), E. notatus 
(Lec. ). 


TRICHOPTERYGIDZ. 
13. Trichopieryx Kirby, 1826 (not Huebner, 1816). 


COCCINELLID/E. 


14. Megil/a Mulsant, 1851 (not Fabr., for a genus of bees). Paranemia 
Casey, 1899, includes our M/. vittigera. 

15. JMZysia Mulsant, 1846 (not Gray, 1840, or Brown, 1827). Neomysia 
Casey, 1888 (not Neomysis Czern., 1887), is available. 


ENDOMYCHID. 


16. Symbiotes Redt., 1858 (not Gerl., 1857). ponomastus Buysson, 
1891, is available ; species Eponomaslus ulkei (Cr.), E. minor 
ce). 

COLYDIID. 

17. Hudesma Lec., 1863 (not Ehr., 1838) = Audesmu/a n. n. ; species 

Eudesmula undulata (Melsh.). 


CUCUJIDE. 
18. Jno Lap., 1835 (not Leach, 1819, not Oken, 1815). 


CRYPTOPHAGID. 
19. Tomarus Lec., 1861 (not Erichs, 1847). 


DERMESTID. 
20. Acolpus Jayne (not Brandt, 1835). . 


DASCYLLID/. 
21. Allopogon Horn., 1880 (not Schiner, 1866) = Ad/opogonia n. n.; 
species Allopogonia villosa (Horn). 
22. Araopus Lec., 1874 (not Spinola). I have not the exact date of the 
Spinolian name, but it is certainly older. The beetle-genus 
may be Arcopidius n.n.; species Ar@opidius monachus (Lec). 


| ELATERIDE. 
23. Tharops Lap., 1835 (not Huebner, 1816), 
24. Cryptostoma Latr., 1825 (not Blainv., 1818) = Pal@oxenus Horn. 
25. Asaphes Kirby, 1837 (not Walker, 1834) = Hemicrepidius Germ. 


242 


26. 


27. 


28. 


29. 


30. 


31. 


se 


33- 


37: 


38. 


39: 


ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Sept., ’06 


THROSCIDE, 
Drapetes Redt., 1849 (not Meg., 1821). There is also Drapetis 
Meig., 1822. : 
LAMPYRIDE. 


Cenia Newman, 1838 (not Desv., 1830) = Ceniedla n. n.; species 
Ceniella dimidiata (Fabr.), C. amplicornis (Lec.). 


CLERID. 

Elasmocerus Lec., 1849, is Monophylla Spin., 1841 (not Monophyllus 
Leach). If we accept the ‘‘one-letter rule’’ M/onophylla should 
be restored. 

PTINIDE. 

Theca Muls., 1860 (not Sowerby, 1845). Stagefus Woll., 1861, is 

available ; species Stagetus profundus (Lec.). 


SCARABAID. 
Bradycinetus Horn., 1871 (not Sars, 1865) = Bradycinelulus n. 0. ; 


species Bradycinetulus ferrugineus (Beauv.), B. fossalor 
(Hald.), B. serratus Lec.), B. horni (Rivers). 


CERAMBYCID. 
Eustroma Lec., 1873 (not Hubner) = Zustromu/la n. n. ; species 
Eustromula valida (Lec. ). 
LE thecerus Chevr., 1862 (not Wesm., 1845). 


CHRYSOMELIDAi. 
Monachus Chevr., 1834 (not Kaup, 1829). 


TENEBRIONIDE. 


Cnemodus Horn., 1870 (not Schaeff., 1850) = Cnemodinus n. N.; 
species Cuemodinus testaceus (Horn). 

Noserus Lec,, 1862 (not Foerst, 1862; not Noserius Pascoe, 1857. ) 

Eupsophus Horn., 1870 (not Fitzinger, date uncertain, but much 
earlier) = Eupsophulus n. n.; species Hupsophulus castaneus 
(Horn). 

Aphanotus Lec., 1862 (not Lowe, doubtless earlier). 


JEGIALITIDZE. 
Aegialites Mann, (not Boie, 1822). 


OTHNIID/ZE. 


Othnius Lec., 1861, is Hlacatis Pascoe, 1860. The latter was “‘ pre- 
occupied”’ by “vacate Cuvier, and should I think be restored. 
The family, however, cannot be called Elacatidz, because 
Elacate is the type of a family Elacatide, in fishes. 


abel! 


rae 


oa 


- Sept., 06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 243 


MELANDRYID. 


40. Cavebara Lec., 1862 (not Westw., 1841) = Rushia morel, 1893 ; 
species Rushia longula (Lec.). 


MELOID. 


Zonoitoides Fairm., 1883 (not American) is a homonym of Zonttoides 
Lehm., 1862. 


OTIORHYNCHIDE. 


41. Rhypodes Horn, 1876 (not Stal, 1874) = Rhypodillus n. n. ; species 
Rhypoditlus dilatatus (Horn), R. brevicollis (Horn). 


CURCULIONID. 

42. Triglyphus Lec., 1876 (not Loew, 1840) = Triglyphulus n. n.; spe- 
cies Triglyphulus ater (Lec.). 

43. Macrops Kirby, 1837 (not Burm., 1835, or Wagl., 1830) = Hypero- 
des Jek., 1864; species Hyperodes vittaticollis (Kirby), H. 
humilis (Gyll.), H. hirtedlus (Dietz), H. wickhami (Dietz), 1. 

. sparsus (Say), etc. 

44. LHudocimus Schonh., 1836 (not Wagl., 1832). 

45. Coelogaster Schonh., 1837 (not Schrank, 1780). Two other homo- 
nyms are Coélogaster Ashmead, 1893, and Coelogaster Schulze, 
1896. 

46. Plocamus Lec., 1876 (not Dejean, 1834). 


CALANDRIDE. 

47. Himatium Woll., 1873 (not Clark, 1860) = H/imatinum n. n.; spe- 
cies Himatinum errans (Lec.), H. conicum (Lec.), 7. nigri- 
tulum (Casey ). 

48. Wollastonia Horn, 1872 (not Heer, 1852) = Wodlastoniella n. n.; 
species Wollastontella guercicola (Boh.). 


ANTHRIBIDZ. 
49. Ischnocerus 1839 (not Grav., 1829). 
50. Phanicobius Lec., 1876 énot Morch, 1852) = Pheenicobiella n. n, 
species Phewiccbielia chameropis (Lec. ). 
It is greatly to be hoped that the ‘‘one-letter rule’’ will pre- 
vail; that is to say, that no name will be considered a homo- 


nym unless preoccupied by one spelled in exactly the same 


way. It necessarily goes with this, that the spelling of names 
must never be changed from the original, except in the case of 
a misprint. There are many names in our list of Coleoptera 
which have been so changed, and they should, I believe, all 


244 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Sept., ’06 


be restored to the original form. ‘To give some idea of the 
disaster that will result from the interpretation of homonymy 
which is prevalent in certain quarters,* I will cite some of the 
Coleopterous names which would fall. 


Agraphus Schonh, 1834, not Agrapha Hubn., 1816. 


Amblychelia Say, 1834, ‘' Amblychilus Fisch., 1813. 
Amphicerus Lec., 1861, ‘* Amphiceras Gray, 1847. 
Aphorista Gohr., 1873, ‘‘ Aphoristia Kaup., 1858. 
Aplastus Lec., 1859, ‘* Aplasta Hubn., 1816, or Schaum, 1844. 
Arhopalus Serv., 1834, ‘ Arhopala Boisd., 1832. 
Asemum Esch., 1830, ‘* Asemus Ranz., 1820. 
Atimia Hald., 1847, ‘* Atimus Dejean. 

Chromatia Lec., 1862, ‘* Chromatium Perty, 1852. 
Chrysophana Lec., 1859, ‘*‘ Chrysophanus Hubn., 1816. 
Coenonycha Horn., 1876, ‘‘ Coenonica Kraatz, 1857. 
Colastus Erichs, 1843, ‘* Colastes Hal., 1833. 
Conoecus Horn, ‘* Coneoeca Scott, 1865. 
Dromius Bon., 1813, ‘© Dromia Fabr., 1798. 
Euphoria Burm., 1842, ‘* Huphorus Nees, 1834. 


Polyphylla Harr., 1841, ‘‘ Polyphyllia, 2 and 9, 1833. 


In the case of the following, I do not know which has priority : 
Morio Latr., 1810 (Coleop.) and Morio Month, 1810 (Mollusca). 
Cyllene Newman, 1840 (Coleop.) and Cydlene Gray, 1840 (Mollusca). 


<0 
er 


Notes on Tanypus dyari. 
By EvELYN GROESBEECK MITCHELL, Washington, D. C. 


This species evidently winters in the larval stage. The 
earliest larvee which I have found were taken on March 4th 
from a drinking tank for horses in Rock Creek Park, Washing- 
ton, D. C. ‘The tank consists of an iron pipe about three feet 
in diameter and four deep, into which falls a stream of clear 
spring water, continually running from atap. The inside of 
the tap was overgrown with a green alga in which the larvee 
hide and on which they also feed. The larvz pupated the 
evening of March 4th, and the imagos emerged on the 6th. 
April 12th two batches of eggs were found at the tank. 

The larvze of this species are easily raised so long as there 
- are algee and euglena in the bottle and they are not in too light 


* For a discussion of this matter, see Palmer, Index Generum Mammalium, pp. 34-37. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 245 


a place. Eggs laid June 15th by a 
captured adult hatched the 17th, the 
larvee pupated the night of July 1st, 
and the imagos emerged on the 3rd. 
If there is not enough food the lar- 
vee are prone to eat each other. This 
happened in the case of eggs laid May 
17th, which hatched the 2oth, and by 
June 11th the larve had all disap- 
peared. 
On June 22nd larve were found to 
be abundant in a rain puddle situated 
ina back yard in this city. The pud- 
dle was about four feet in diameter, 
the water perfectly clear, with a soft, 
muddy bottom. The whole bottom 
seem alive with the moving heads of 
the larvee, which were about thirty to 
the square inch. There were a few 
red larvee of Chivonomus cristata in the 
same pool. The dyari from the tank 
often construct ‘‘ houses’’ in the form 
of tubes in the alga, fastening together 
bits of alga and excreta with silk. 
There evidently cannot be much silk 
for the tubes crumble easily, unlike 
those of many gnats. The larve in 
the puddle did not spin at all, they 
simply waved about on the surface of 
the soft mud until they made a hollow, 
which on deepening allowed the mud 
to silt in on their backs; or they shove 
head first into the mud, in either case 
making a slightly arcuate tube open- 
ing at the surface at both ends. In 
this tube they stay, head and thorax 
protruded, keeping up a constant wav- 
“ing motion. ‘They almost never come 
out and swim about. ‘The food in the 


246 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Sept., ’06 


puddle could not have been alge, it might have been bacteria 
or protozoa. 

The larvee (see fig.), are remarkably hairy, the first not so 
much so as the later stage. I think that they molt three times 
but am not sure, as they molt in their houses and eat their 
shed skins. 

The adults emerge from the pupa case rather slowly as com- 
pared with some of the other gnats, which come out like a flash. 

The eggs are in a slightly irregular, rounded mass of gelatin, 
with a thread of gelatin attached. The mass is about one-quar- 
ter inch in diameter. The eggs are about 200 in number and 
do not seem to have any regular arrangement in lines. They 
lie mostly with the small ends turned toward the centre of the : 
mass, the outer ends being about one-quarter the distance from 
periphery to center of mass. 


—~>- 


Some new Larridae from Nebraska. 
By HARRY S. SmitH, Lincoln, Neb. 


Tachysphex punctulatus n. sp. 

?.—Length 7 mm.—Anterior margin of clypeus very slightly curved 
outward, a blunt, obtuse tooth at each side, which is scarcely noticeable ; 
clypeus, excepting the margin, very strongly convex, and with a few 
large, widely separated punctures, shining ; sides of face and front with 
medium sized shallow punctures, the spaces between them with exceed- 
ingly fine ones ; vertex with punctures a little more widely separated ; a 
narrow impunctate depression or line extending from middle ocellum to 
the two supra-antennal tubercles ; depression behind ocelli deep, some- 
what linear; space between eyes above at closest place about equal to 
antennal joints 2 and 3; second joint of flagellum about one-fifth longer 
than first, remaining joints gradually shorter ; mandibles medially and 
spot on scape beneath, rufous ; sides of face with silvery pubescence. 
Dorsulum finely punctured, depressed anteriorly, punctures becoming 
more sparse posteriorly ; scutellum convex, sparsely and distinctly punc 
tured, shining ; postscutellum with punctures closer, metanotum finely 
granulated, metapleura minutely indistinctly striate; posterior face of 
metathorax with very fine striz and a longitudinal balloon-shaped depres- 
sion, point downward, over which a narrow transverse carina, on a level 
with the upper surface of the metanotum, projects. Legs black, apical 
joints of tarsi testaceous ; comb of anterior tarsi with the bristles arranged 
in groups near the apices of the joints, one group for each joint, about 16 
bristles altogether ; tibize and tarsi spinose, middle ones most strongly so. 
Abdomen dark red, apical segments almost black, broadly margined with 


Sept., ’06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 247 


_ testaceous ; ventral segments finely punctured basally, with a few large 
punctures interspersed ; pygidial area sparsely punctured, slightly con- 
cave and surrounded by a narrow raised margin. Wings smoky, outer 
edges and base lighter, iridescent ; marginal cell truncate; second and 
third submarginal cells equal at inp third submarginal call extending 
somewhat beyond marginal. 


Described from one ? specimen, Sioux County, Neb., May. 

Seems to be most nearly related to 7. ¢arsatus Say, from 
which it is easily distinguished by the peculiar punctuation of 
the front, by its smaller size, and by the sculpture of the meta- 
thorax. In the punctuation of the anterior portion of the 
mesothorax this species approaches 7. semirufus Cresson, from 
which it may readily be distinguished by its much darker 
wings and punctuation. 


Aucistromma sericifrons n. sp. 

¢'.—-Length 6 mm.—Anterior margin of clypeus slightly emarginate 
medially, outer angles acute; clypeus rather finely punctured, shining ; 
front coarse granulate, becoming gradually finer toward the lateral ocelli; 
vertex finely and closely punctured, the depression behind the ocelli quite 
strong ; face clothed with a dense mat of short silvery-white pubescence ; 
space between eyes at top slightly less than length of antennal joints 2 
and 3 united ; joints 1 and 2 of flagellum about equal ; mandibles dark 
basally, rufous apically. Mesonotum finely punctured anteriorly, the 
punctures becoming coarser on the disk ; scutellum and postscutellum 
coarsely punctured, entire mesonotum clothed with a thin yellowish 
white pubescence ; upper face of metathorax comparatively very small, 
taking the shape of a shield, this face being strongly longitudinally striate, 
the strie not curving outward as in distincta ; a median longitudinal ridge 
which is broad basally and gradually narrowed posteriorly, separates the 
strize ; posterior face transversely striate, with a median depression, and 
clothed with a silvery pubescence, as are also the metapleura, which are 
minutely striate. Legs black, strongly spinose, the tarsi reddish. Abdo- 
men bright red, apical segments black,‘each segment with a narrow band 
of punctures, these bands becoming wider on apical segments. Pygidial 
area coarsely punctured, ventral segments finely punctured, apical plate 
rounded. Wings hyaline, strongly iridescent ; the 2nd recurrent nervure 
is received by the 2nd submarginal cell at the middle, the 1st is received 
clese to the rst cubital nervure ; marginal cell truncate. 


Described from one % specimen, Glen, Sioux County, Neb., 
August 22, 1905. 

This is a very distinct and remarkably pretty little species. 
In Fox’s table it will run to 4. aurantia Fox, from which it 


248 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Sept., ’06 


may be readily separated -by the sculpture of the metathorax, 
color and punctuation of the abdomen, wing venation and size. 


Ancistromma bruneri n. sp. 

3'.—Length 8-9 mm.—Anterior margin of clypeus strongly rounded 
out, the outer angles obtuse; clypeus with medium sized punctures, the 
distance between them variable ; sides of face closely punctured, the front 
more sparsely so; vertex punctured as front; a shining space in the pit 
behind the ocelli ; face with sparse silvery pubescence ; mandibles apically 
and under side of style ferruginous ; space between eyes at top greater 
than antennal joints 2 and 3, almost as great as 2-4 united ; first and sec- 
ond joints of flagellum subequal. Thorax with very sparse pale pubes- 
cence, anterior portion of mesonotum finely punctured, depressed in front 
and with two distinct parapsidal grooves. scutellum medially impressed, 
shining, punctures a little more distant ; postscutellum closely punctured; 
upper face of metathorax finely granulate, with a strong median furrow 
of uniform width running the entire length and connecting with the de- 
pression of the posterior face, which is also granulate, more coarsely so 
below ; metapleura with medium sized punctures. Legs black, apical 
joints of tarsi reddish, feebly spinose, longer spur of posterior tibia two- 
thirds the length of basal joint of tarsus. Abdomen black, dorsal seg- 
ments indistinctly punctured, excepting narrow apical margins of seg- 
ments, which are impunctate and sometimes testaceous ; pygidial area 
well defined, coarsely punctured ; ventral segments distinctly finely punc- 
tured, apices of segments impunctate, 8th ventral plate rounded. Wings 
subhyaline, strongly iridescent, second recurrent nervure received before 
the middle of second submarginal cell ; marginal cell truncate, appendi- 
culation short. 


Described from five $ specimens, West Point, Neb., June 
(1. Bruner). 

Most closely related to A. conferta Fox, from which it differs 
in the comparative length of antennal joints, punctuation of 
front and vertex, sculpture of metanotum and color of abdo- 
men. Dedicated to Prof. Lawrence Bruner, who collected the 
specimens. 


<i> 
=or 


THE REMAINS OF THOMAS SAy.—Under date of May 28, 1906, Mr. E. 
B. Williamson wrote : ‘‘Mr. C. C. Deam has just returned from New Har- 
mony, Indiana, where he attended a meeting of the Indiana Academy of 
Sciences. You may be interested to know that Say’s body is buried 
in a brick sepulcher or vault in the garden of Mr. John Corbin. Some 
time ago portions of the vault which were made of wood fell down, and 
in repairing the damage the opportunity was taken of examining the re- 
mains. The original coffins are gone, but the bones are well preserved 
in natural positions. The vault has been resealed with concrete to re- 
place the timbers.”’ eels 

[A description and a picture of Say’s tomb, by Prof. F. M. Webster, 
‘were published in the News, vol. vi, p. 101, for April, 1895.—Ebs. ] 


i a 


ee ee a we 


= 
‘ 


Sept., ’06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 249 


Parasitic Hymenoptera of Algonquin Iflinois.—V. 
By Wa. A. Nason, M.D. | 


The present paper concludes the series cataloguing the 
Parasitic Hymenoptera of Algonquin, Illinois. Altogether, 
there have been listed 608 species and Io varieties, under 252 
generic names. ‘The following table shows the number of 
genera, species and varieties belonging to each family : 


Families. Genera. Species. Varieties. 

Cynipidze 18 29 

Evaniidee 2 2 
Ichneumonidze 82 og IO 
Alysiidzee II 15 

Braconidze 55 150 
Chalcididze 51 84 

Proctotry pidze 30 47 

Mymaride 2 

Pelecinidze I I 

252 608 Ke) 


_ These parasitic forms of insect life are all dependent upon 
their hosts for maintainance and perpetuation, and this point 
of view opens upa most interesting subject of study. The 
hosts are largely vegetable feeders, and consequently the flora 
of the regions they inhabit must of necessity, to a great ex- 
tent, be made up of the plants which furnish them suitable 
food. All plants and plant societies are dependent upon the 
existence of suitable soil, and climatic conditions for their 
growth and continuance. Hence, we must consider, in order 
to arrive at an intelligent idea of the origin and distribution of 
these parasitic forms, what are the ecological relations of the 
regions which control the vegetation necessary to perpetuate 
these hosts. 

To do this it is best to first consider the geographical rela- 
tions of these insect forms, and then the ecological conditions 
of the fauna and flora of the regions occupied by them. The 
first object may be first attained by consulting lists of species 


250 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Sept., ’ 


which give definite localities where the species have been 
found to exist. ‘The most available records in this line are 
to be found in the two following publications: ‘‘ Catalogue 
of Described Hymenoptera of America North of Mexico,’’ by 
E. T. Cresson, published in 1887, which gives the localities 


whence the species listed were originally described ; ‘‘ A 


Monograph of the North American Proctotrypide,’’ by Wm. 
H. Ashmead, published in 1893, enumerates in like manner, 
with descriptions, the species of that family. 

An examination of these two lists enables us to locate the 
geographic affinities of 371, or over 61 per cent. of the spe- 
cies embraced in the Algonquin list. They are distributed as 


follows : 


=| =| 8] 2/8] Bl eles 

LOCALITIES @/ | go] 8| 3] S| eles 

&) 6) 2) 2/8) slsf2 

a Q tJ & Py $ 

ie Cana ee ae se ose Gees 8 | I |140) 36| 10} 6 201 
a: New Hinmineite a I I 
S) “Massactuiaetaes wag thc is ote ee I as 4 
A. SOMMBCUCOL Oye oe ee 4 rt ee 7 
SSN eW ON, se Bers (ea eS 2 21278 8 
By NOW SIBTREN i) caine ess oe 2 2 
Py ck COUMOIN MIRED fei. yo eeltte wis, ees 5|4 I TO 
S. Delawate <a Sa: tag ig ae Ay 7 ”] 
g. District of Columbia . . Cota I |10 Il 
Io. Virginia PED Me PS ee ONO Lime es. Sil a Tse ARE sae oe 6 I |}12 19 
Ys, Fioridse Pe ere le rea eae 4 6 | 4 14 
Tas PT OXAS Cea ek eran a alee 6/\8)\2 16 
13. Ohio: Fag sai ee ae I I 
I4. Indiana 2 ee ae 2 hig ris 9 
15. Tilinois easel cay SO ee ee 2 144-7 1-2 32 
at. Missontee ss... 40s a ee 11/3/2\/1 7 
er Towa. et ee ee eee I I 
BS Mangas ies AA eee ak Ct agg Ma 
TO. Nebraska. 3/4 cs ee a oe I I 
a6. “Colorado eae ves 3 3 
as: -Gallforgiee sic cos ie eee 5 5 
#4. British Gommbia 3350 ieee I I 
Ss... V ANCOUMIN oS a ee ce eee 2 2 
2A. FAUGSORIDON. 5. 024 A vee eee I I 
26s MIMIteG mates. oS Se es ats 
Total, each family. . . . . .| 25] 2 |192/ 70| 33 | 48} 1 /|371 


Sept., ’06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 251 


Now if we can find some factors which these regions, from 
which the species tabulated above are derived, have in common, 
it may be possible to reach some conclusions in regard to the 
influences which have made the fauna of northern Illinois 
what it is. 

Mr. Edgar N. Transeau in a paper on ‘‘ Forest Centres of 
Eastern America,’’ published in the American Naturalist, vol. 
XxXxix, p. 885, fig. 6, 1905, gives a map which is most sugges- 
tive in this connection. This map shows graphically the ratio 
of rainfall to evaporation in the eastern United States and 
Canada, expressed in percentages. 

A very interesting fact is disclosed on comparing the distri- 
bution of the species of insects as enumerated in the table, 
with the distribution of rainfall and evaporation, given by 
Transeau in the map quoted above. For we find the species 
readily divide into two series, whose food plants pertain to 
regions of very different humidity, and consequently of dif- 
ferent vegetal growth. 

The first series embraces the species from Canadian sources, 
and all fall into zones in which the percentage of rainfall to 
evaporation is 110 per cent. or more. ‘The second series em- 
braces all the species described from regions east of the great 
western plains, and south of the Canadian sources, and fall 
into zones whose percentage of rainfall to evaporation eee 
from 80 to IIo per cent. 

In the first series from Canada and the north east are 201 
species, which is 54 per cent. of the species given by Cresson 
and Ashmead, and 33 per cent. of all the Algonquin species. 
In the second series from regions east of the great plains and 
south of the Canadian region there are 153 species, or 41 per 
cent. of the species given by Cresson and Ashmead, and 25 per 
cent. of all in the Algonquin list. This leaves only 17 species, 
or less than 5 per cent. of the species given by Cresson and 
Ashmead from other areas. 

Taken altogether, this gives 95 per cent. of the species 
assigned by Cresson and Ashmead to definite habitats, as orig- 
inating in or inhabiting the two zones or areas described. This 
is a sufficiently large percentage to warrant conclusions of 


252 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Sept., 06 


some value, for it embraces 58 per cent. of all the Algonquin 
species. 

These are exceedingly interesting facts, and although the 
data are far from complete, it is evident that they point deci- 
sively toward the solution of the problem of the origin of the 
Algonquin insect fauna we are considering. For the Canadian 
series come from what Transeau describes (pp. 884, 885), as 
the ‘‘ northeastern conifer forest centre,’’ with a ratio of 110 
or more percentage of humidity, and the second series from the 
regions he describes as ‘‘open forests,’’ ‘‘oak openings,’’ ‘‘dense 
forests on low grounds’’ and the ‘‘decidious forest centre’’ hav- 
ing a ratio of less than 110 per cent. of rainfall to evaporation. 

The situation of Algonquin in northern Illinois, as situated 
on the map given by Transeau, confirms the ideas stated above. 
For the locality is near the northern edge of the ‘‘ decidious 
forest centre,’’ and also near the southern edge of the “‘north- 
eastern conifer forest ’’ in Wisconsin. This statement is 
emphasized by the fact that a genuine cedar swamp exists ten 
miles south of Algonquin, near Elgin, which is as characteris- 
tic as are the cedar swamps of northern Michigan or Wisconsin. 

The views of Transeau, as given above, confirm the ideas 
earlier advanced by Mr. Chas. C. Adams, in a very interesting 
and valuable paper, ‘‘On Post Glacial Dispersal of the North 
American Biota,’’ published in the Biological Bulletin in 1905 ; 
a map on page 57 of that paper very clearly shows how his 
second biotic type from the north, and the fourth biotic type 
from the south of the Ohio River, on the retreat of the Wis- 
consin glacial ice sheet, would naturally meet in the region of 
northern Illinois, and establish a fauna and flora, having many 
characters in common with those of the northeast and south- 
east. ‘The boreal and austral types would mingle and find in 
northern Illinois a common ground, and the fauna and flora 
would necessarily show evidences of this double derivation. 

It is to be hoped that sufficient data will be accumulated in 
a few years to enable the conclusions arrived at in this paper 
to be thoroughly investigated. A list of the hosts of the 
Algonquin parasitic insects given in this series of papers, and 
of the food plants of these hosts, would enable us to clear up 
some of the points at issue. ‘This, and the analysis of many 


Sept., ’06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 253 


local lists of both insects and plants, would be steps in the 
right direction. For this study involves such a variety of 
elements which go to determine the ecological relations of the 
plant and insect life—the fauna and flora—of the regions we 
are considering, that much time and study will be necessary. 
But the results will be commeasurate with the labor, for they 
will not only add greatly to our knowledge, but also clear up 
some of the most interesting of the unsettled problems of biology. 


42> 
=<6r 


On the Orthopteran Genus Ageneotettix, with a 
description of a new species from Illinois. 
By Dr. J. L. HAncockK, F.E.S. 


A study of a series of specimens of the genus Ageneotettix 
from Illinois has given rise to the question whether there has 
not been discrepencies, by authors, in the identity of the de- 
scribed species of this genus. This refers especially to the 
species found in the region about Chicago, which is evidently 
undescribed, or more properly has been mistaken for another 
species. But before further discussing this phase of the sub- 
ject it may be well first to give a brief resumé of the literature. 
In 1898, Dr. S. H. Scudder* published ‘‘A Preliminary Clas- 
sification of the Tryxalinze of the United States,’’ wherein is 
noted the following definition of the genus Agencotettix : 
“Pronotum not constricted in the middle, the prozona slightly 
the longer, lateral carinze obsolete on the prozona.’’ Scud- 
der + again describes the genus as follows: ‘‘Generally smaller 
forms. Median carina of prozona not cut by the transverse 
sulci, foveolee of male subequal, rhomboidal; hind tibize red, 
lower apical spur of inner side of same fully half as long again 
as upper spur.’’ 

McNeill { first proposed the present accepted name Ageneo- 
tettix, substituting this name for Hvemnus which was preoccu- 
pied. In his key to the genera of 77yxaline|| we find his 
genus distinguished as follows: ‘‘Median carina of the prono- 
tum cut behind the middle of the pronotum. Vertex of the 
head destitute of a median carina. Posterior margin of the 
metazone very obtusely angulate.’’ According to this author, 


* Psyche, viii, No. 267, p. 231. 
Guide to the Genera and Classification of the North American Orthoptera, p. 31, 1897. 
Psyche, EP at, et 
Revision of the Truxalinze of North America, Proc. Daven. Acad. Nat. Sci., vi, 1897. 


254 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Sept., 06 


there are two species of Agencotettix, namely : deorum Scud- 


der, and scuddert Bruner. But McNeil] further states in his: 


Revision, p. 269, that it is quite probable that the former spe- 
cies is identical with the latter, implying thereby that scudderi 
is the only representative valid species. In another place he 


mentions also under /. scuddert Bruner, that ‘‘ One variety of | 


this species has the vertex usually broad between the eyes, 
with the anterior margins bounded by carinze, which meet at 
an angle much greater than a right angle even in the male.”’ 
This variety, McNeill adds, was received from Prof. Gillette 
under the name of Aulocara scuddert Bruner, and another form 
with narrower vertex under the appelation Dociostaurus colora- 
densis. ‘‘* Both forms being named by comparison with speci- 
mens determined by Prof. Bruner.’’ 

The present status of the described species according to 
Scudder’s Alphabetical Index to North American Orthoptera 
is that the two species deoruwm and scudderi are the only ones 
retained. Scudder and Cockerell * noted both species as occur- 
ing in New Mexico, a third species which was not described is 
also mentioned by them. 3 

As intimated in the beginning of this paper my present con- 
tention is that still another species occurs in Illinois. Its 
identity becoming evident after study of a series of specimens 
from Chicago. ‘The confirmation of this species was made 
possible by comparison. with a type specimen of scudderz which 
Prof. Bruner kindly presented to me. ‘The difference be- 
tween scudderi and the Illinois form, which for convenience is 
called avenosus, is very marked, yet this latter species has 
probably been confused by Lugger and Blatchley as scudderi. 
Both of these writers described and figured it under the latter 
name in each of their State catalogues of Orthoptera. More- 
over, McNeill probably also refers to it in part, in his Revision 
under scudderi, as occuring in a few localities near Moline, Illi- 
nois. Though the description given by Blatchley +} under 4. 
scudderi fits avenosus quite accurately, I have drawn up the 
following comparisons of the two species side by side, that they 
may be readily recognized : 


“*A first list of the Orthoptera of New Mexico, Proc. Daven. Acad. Sci., ix, p. 27, 1902. 
+ Orthoptera of Indiana, p. 248, 1902. 


~ 


Se Oe ee, 


Sept., ’06] 


scudderi Bruner. 


© type specimen from Lincoln, 
Nebraska. 

Body of moderate size. 

Vertex distinctly produced, the 
anterior carinz meeting at an an- 
gle slightly less than a right angle, 
the foveolz but lightly impressed. 


Pronotum with the posterior bor- 
der distinctly obtuse angulate. 
.Tegmina nearly reaching to the 
tips of the knees of hind femora. 

Hind femora incrassate. 

Color grayish, tegmina marked 
by more or less numerous subquad- 
rate dark spots, hind femora 
marked by three obscure blackish 
bands, the middle one more evi- 
dent than the rest, the knees out- 
wardly blackish, variegated with 
gray, deeper black on the inside ; 
tibize coral red, with whitish annula 
at the base; under surface of the 
body yellowish white. 


Measurements: length of body, 
female, 22 mm.; pronot.; 3.9 mm.; 
tegmina, 14 mm.; post. femora, 
12.5 mm. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 


255 


aréenosus Sp. NOV. 


Type from Chicago, Illinois. 


Body small, rather slender. 

Vertex very little produced, the 
prominent carinz formed ante- 
riorly into a distinct right angle, 
enclosing a deep crescentic im- 
pression, the foveolze deeply im- 
pressed. 

Pronotum with the posterior bor- 
der convexo-subangulate. 

Tegmina not reaching to the 
knees of the hind femora.* 

Hind femora slender. 

Color dull brownish or purplish- 
brown, the tegmina marked by 
numerous, small, dark, quadrate 
spots. Very frequently a median 
light testaceous band extends from 
the vertex backwards on the mid- 
dle of the head, pronotum and the 
tegmina to the tips; this band 
slightly darker forwards on the 
head and pronotum, here enclosed 
on either side bya black line which 
widens into triangular spots at the 
distal half of pronotal disk ; hind 
femora marked by three obscure 
blackish bands, the posterior one 
broader and more evident, the 
knees deep black ; tibiz coral red, 
with a whitish basal annulus, rarely 
immediately followed by a second 
dusky anulus or minute pigmented 
spots ; ventral surface of the body 
light or darker yellowish brown. 

Measurements: length of body, 
female, 19.5-20 mm.; pronot., 2.9 
mm.,; tegmina, Ir mm.; post. fem- 
ora, 11.5 mm. Male measured to 
end of tegmina, 15 mm.; pronotum, 
2.7 mm.; tegmina, 9-9.5 mm. ; 
post. femora, 10.5 mm. 


* The figure of scudderi Bruner, given by Lugger, and later copied by Blatchley appears 


to be the long-wing form of arenosus. 


256 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Sept., 706 


Habits. —This small locust seems to be quite local in distri- 
bution, having been taken only at Cheltenham (Chicago). 
Here I found the entire series of eighteen specimens, living 
within an area of twenty yards, on light sandy ground, sixty 
yards from the lake shore. All the mature specimens were 
found during July and August. In the afternoon of August 
26, 1901, a number of this species were discovered at the point 
above mentioned secreted on the ground among the accumu- 
lated remains of dried twigs and leaves, fallen from the weeds. 
Individuals with the light dorsal stripes were especially well 
protected against this background. Out of six specimens 
taken on the above date, one was a dull ‘brown, without the 
median stripe. In fact, the striped form of coloring is the 
prevailing one. When an attempt was made to capture these 
shy little insects with the unaided hand, they jumped ener- 
getically, using their wings rather sparingly in their attempts 
to escape. 


42> 
=<=or 


TrRAY, O; SPRAY: 

(E. G. Packard in Fruitman’s Guide.) 
Spray, farmers, spray with care, 
Spray the apple, peach and pear ; 
Spray for scab, and spray for blight, 
Spray, O spray, and do it right. 


Spray the scale that’s hiding there, 
Give the insects all a share ; 

Let your fruit be smooth and bright, 
Spray, O spray, and do it right. 


Spray your grapes, spray them well, 
Make first class what you’ve to sell, 
The very best is none too good, 
You can have it, if you would. 


Spray your roses, for the slug, 

Spray the fat potato bug ; 

Spray your cantaloupes, spray them thin, 
You must fight if you would win. 


Spray for blight, and spray for rot, 
Take good care of what you’ve got; 
Spray farmers, spray with care, 
Spray, O spray the buglets there. 


2 
€ 
b's 


i i lh el 


Sept., 06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 257 


New Bees of the genus Colletes. 
By M. H. SwEnx, Dept. Ent., Univ. of Neb. 


Colletes hesperius n. sp. 

2. Length 14 mm.—Agrees with C. compactus, to which tt is closely 
allied, except as follows: Pubescence much paler and more abundant, 
the hairs of the face, vertex and occiput all pale, or at most a few brown- 
ish hairs on sides of vertex, the pubescence of thoracic dorsum pale dull 
gray, with the black hairs comparatively few, sparse on the disk and 
forming a rather thin scutellar fringe; malar space nearly one-third as 
long as broad ; joint 3 of antennz a shade longer ; first-abdominal seg- 
ment uniformly very finely, closely and weakly punctured (as different 
as possible from the heavy, close double-sized punctuation of compactus), 
the second segment minutely and indistinctly punctured ; abdominal fas- 
ciz much broader and denser. 

oS. Length rr mm.—Sculptured much like compactus 3, but easily 
distinguished by having the pubescence entirely grayish white, a very few 
pale brownish hairs on scutellum, du¢ no black ones anywhere, the abdo- 
minal fascize much broader. 


Described from a 9 and a % type, both taken by Mr. C. V. 
Piper at Almota, Whitman County, in western Washington 
State. Types in author’s collection. 


Colletes crawfordi n. sp. 

@. Length 8 mm.—Like C. infermizxtus, but smaller and less robust ; 
pubescence paler, that on vertex without any dark hairs whatever, that 
of thorax nearly all pale, the dark hairs confined to a few, scattered ones 
on disk and the usual scutellar fringe ; supraclypeal area dullish, more 
punctured ; mesothorax similarly but much more coarsely punctured ; 
those on mesopleura shallower and more irregular ; scutellum with only 
a narrow basal impunctate line ; areas surrounding enclosure less coarsely 
punctured ; first abdominal segment fine/y, closely and distinctly but not 
deeply punctured (subimpunctate in inzfermixtus), following segments 
finely, indistinctly punctured ; basal segment with short, sparse hair, the 
venter densely fringed as in ¢e2xanus; outer spur of hind tibia distinctly 
pectinate with about a dozen long teeth; antennal joint 3 decidedly ex- 
ceeding 4; legs with black hair as in 7vtermiatus, but also on upper sur- 
face of posterior tibiz ; the basal tarsal joint fully three times as long as 
broad. 


Described from a single female specimen taken at Dallas, 
Texas, October 8, 1905, on Physalis. ‘This species is close to 
C. latatarsts Rob., which also visits Physalis, but differs in the 
sparsely punctured clypeus, slender hind metatarsi and other 
minor characters. From C. itntermixtus Swenk it differs as 


258 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Sept., ’06 


above, and moreover flies in the fall while zzfermixtus is a 
vernal species. I dedicate this species to Mr. J. C. Crawford, 
from whom the type was received, in recognition of his most 
meritorious work on our bees. ‘Type in author’s collection. 


Colletes lacustris n. sp. 

2. Length 9 mm.—Clypeus shining, long and prominent, flattened but 
not sulcafe, its punctures coarse but widely separated and not at all stri- 
ate, the subapical transverse depression very deep. Supraclypeal area 
shining, coarsely punctured. Face roughened by excessively small can- 
cellate punctures, dull, its pubescence short, sparse and pale. Sides of 
vertex densely, finely, indistinctly punctured, the interocellar tuft and 
occipital fringe sparse, black, with some pale hairs intermixed. Cheeks 
with sparse, shallow punctures and short, thin, white hair. Antennze 
short, black, joint 7 longer than 4, flagellar joints about as long as wide. 
Malar space about as long as wide. Prothoracic spine very short, blunt. 
Punctures of mesothorax fairly large, rounded and distinct, very close 
along anterior margin, medially and posteriorly widely separated and less 
distinct on a shining surface, this shading further into a large polished 
impunctate spot on the disk. Mesopleura with distinct well separated 
punctures. Scutellum with a.wide basal polished impunctate space fol- 
lowed bya densely, striately, shallowly punctured surface. Postscutellum 
minutely roughened, opaque. Superior face of metathorax poorly de- 
fined, its pits rather irregular, longer than broad. Enclosure funnel 
shaped, the bowl coarsely irregularly rugose, the neck concave, smooth 
and somewhat shining. Sides of posterior face subopaque, densely shal- 
lowly rugose, tuberculate. Tegulz large, shining black. Wings clouded 
by a moderate infuscation, nervures and stigma black. Thoracic dorsum 
with sparse, erect, b/ack pubescence densest on scutellum and thinnest 
on disk where pale hairs are intermixed. Postscutellum, metathorax, 
pleura and below with thin grayish white pubescence. Legs moderately 
stout, black, their pubescence pale and thin. Anterior coxze with very 


short inconspicuous blunt spines. Tibial spurs dark testaceous, not pec-_ 


tinate. Claws rufous, deeply medially toothed. Abdomen stout, sub- 
oval, almost bare, very polished, two basal segments practically tmpunc- 
tate, following segments very minutely and indistinctly punctured. Api- 
cal margins of segments not at all depressed, the fascize on 2-5 reduced 
to mere fringes, easily worn off. The extreme lateral base of segment 1 
has some sparse white hair, and the disks of segments 3-6 have scattered, 
short fuscous hairs. 

3. Length 8 mm.—Differs from the 9: Pubescence of vertex and 
thoracic dorsum largely pale, well mixed with black on scutellum ; cly- 
peus basally finely, closely punctured, apically polished and impunctate ; 
antennz black, the flagellum brown beneath, joint 3 nearly equals 4, 
taken with 2 much longer than 4, following joints one and one-half times 
as long as broad, malar space a shade longer than broad; punctures of 


y -@ 


antec 


7 wee eS ee ee 


Sept., ’06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 259 


mesopleura sparse, shallow and indistinct; basal two segments scatter- 
ingly, feebly punctured, 2-5 with more decided apical fringes, the seg- 
ments abundantly provided with long, erect, pale hairs. 


Described from 1 @ and 8 8 co-types, taken by Mr. Mor- 
gan Hebard in northern Michigan (Baraga County), along the 
shores of Lake Superior, as follows : Baraga County, ‘‘barrens 
near marsh,’’ July 18, 1903, 1 9; July 20,2 ¢. Pequaming, 
*‘in meadow,’’ July 2, 1 3; July 15, 2 8. Point Abbaye, 
“‘in huckleberry barrens,’’ July 10, 1 $8; July 24, 1 3. 
Apparently the species flies principally during July. 


Colletes pleuralis n. sp. 

2. Length 9 mm.—Very close to C. californicus, but differing as fol- 
lows: Hind tarsi more slender, the basal joint three times as long as 
wide, the inner surface with the hairs mostly pale brownish instead of all 
black ; basal abdominal segment with long, sparse, pale hair, 2 and 3 
with shorter pale hairs; first recurrent nervure entering second submar- 
ginal cell basad of middle as in ca/ifornicus, but third submarginal less 
narrowed above so that its upper length is more than twice as long as 
that part of the lower length distad of the junction with the second recur- 
rent nervure; malar space slightly longer, about one-third as long as 
broad ; entire bow! of enclosure tranversely ridged, the surrounding sides 
- Opaque, minutely reticulated ; vertex subuniformly more coarsely punc- 
tured. 

3. Length 8 mm.—Much like californicus 3, but easily distinguished 
by having the pubescence of abdomen wholly or mostly pale, forming 
apical fringes to the segments, much as in pascoensts, the black hairs be- 
ing much reduced, very different from the uniform jet-black abdominal 
pubescence of californicus; malar space decidedly longer, about one- 
half as long as broad. 


Described from a pair collected in Gallatin County Montana 
(6,800 feet), June 27, 1900, by Prof. Cooley. I have also two 
_ males collected in the same county at an elevation of 8000 ft., 
July 22, 1900, by Mr. E. Koch. ‘Types in author’s collection. 


Colletes birkmanni n. sp. 

?. Length rr mm.—Stoutly built. Clypeus coarsely striate-punctate, 
depressea before the transverse apex, supraclypeal area sparsely punc- 
tured. Malar space one-fourth as long as broad. Vertex with a few scat- 
tered course punctures, otherwise shining, subimpunctate. Cheeks finely . 
closely punctured. Antennz black, joint 3 equals 4. Face with distinct 
deep close punctures, its pubescence short, rather sparse, silvery, intero- 
cellar tuft and occipital hairs tinged with yellowish. Pubescence of thora- 
cic dorsum pale ochraceous, very slightly fulvescent, that on metathorax, 


260 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS, | [Sept., ’06 


pleura and below pure white. Prothoracic spine large, /ong, sharp and 
rather conspicuous. Punctures of mesothorax coarse, round and deep, 
crowded anteriorly, more separated posteriorly, on a large disk few or 
none. Punctures of scutellum like those on anterior mesothorax only 
slightly coarser, anteriorly a shining less punctured line, postscutellum _ 
rough. Superior face unusually well defined on metathorax, the pits very 
regular, polished, longer than broad. Enclosure subtriangular, the neck 
and lateral extensions of the bow] about equal, the whole very smooth 
and polished. Surrounding sides shining, feebly punctured and with 
broken feeble reticulations. Mesopleura punctured like anterior meso- 
thorax. Tegulze dark testaceous. Wings perfectly clear, nervures and 
stigma blackish brown. Anterior coxz with very short, rudimentary 
spines. Outer tibial spur not pectinate. Claw rufous, medially toothed. 
Pubescence of legs white, except for golden inner tarsal apical tufts. 
Abdomen elongate-conical, segment 1 polished, with a very few scattered 
very feeble punctures, segment 2 also polished, sparsely indistinctly punc- 
tured, following segments duller, with coarse but indistinct close punc- 
tures. Basal segment with long white hair at sides, its apex with a widely 
interrupted loose white fascia connecting with a broad fascia on base of 2, 
which with 3-5 is provided with broad, white, apical fasciz, their disks 
with longer white bristles. Margins of segments not depressed. 

%. Length 1omm.—Differs from the 9 as follows: Form very slen- 
der ; clypeus less striately punctured, covered with dense white hair; 
pubescence of thoracic dorsum dull yellowish gray paling to white on 
sides and below ; malar space two-thirds as long as broad ; antennal joint 
3 shorter than 4, taken with 2 subequal to 4, flagellar joints over twice as 
long as broad ; punctures of mesothorax much much separate ; those on 
mesopleura coarse and crowded ; abdomen longer and narrower, basal 
and following segments more distinctly punctured, more hairy, apices of 
segments 1-5 distinctly depressed and fasciate, apex with fine brownish 
red hairs ; claws subapically cleft. 


This species is described from a ¢ and a 9 type taken April 
5, 1904, at Fedor, Texas, by Rev. G. Birkman, to whom, in 
in recognition of his extensive collecting in that locality, I have 
dedicated it. I have also four 9 paratypes taken May 5, 1901, 
May 7, 1901, May 1, 1898, and November 10, 1897, thus show- 
ing the species to be double brooded in that region as is also C. 
americanus, though the spring brood, flying in April and May 
is evidently the principal one. I have also a 2 paratype (No. 
308) from Hamilton County, Kansas, 3,500 feet, collected by 
Prof. F. H. Snow. The species seems to come nearest to the 
thoracicus group, but has several characteristics of C. ameri- 
canus. Types in author’s collection. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 


[The Conductors of ENToMOLOGICcAL News solicit and will thankfully receive items 
of news likely to interest its readers from any source. The author’s name will be given 
in each case, for the information of cataloguers and bibliographers. ] 


To Contributors.—All contributions will be considered and passed upon at our 
earliest convenience, and, as far as may be, will be published according to date of recep- 
tion. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEws has reached a circulation, both in numbers and circumfer- 
‘ence, as to make it necessary to put ‘‘ copy ”’ into the hands of the printer, for each num- 
ber, three weeks before date of issue. This should be remembered in sending special or 
important matter for a certain issue. Twenty-five ‘‘ extras,” without change in form, 
will be given free, when they are wanted ; and this should be so stated on the MS., along 
with the number desired. The receipt of all papers will be acknowledged.—Eb. 


PHILADELPHIA, PA., SEPTEMBER, I9C6. 


Many types were destroyed by the earthquake in San Fran- 
cisco, including Dr. Behr’s types of Lepidoptera. ‘This sug- 
gests the great advantage to be derived from the wide distri- 
bution of cotypes or paratypes in various institutions, as it is 
not likely that all will be destroyed at one fell swoop if they 
are widely distributed. It is fortunate that typical examples 
of Dr. Behr’s species are in the Strecker collection. In 
In Strecker’s Lep. Rhop. and Het., suppl. 3, a list of Behr’s 
types in the Strecker collection is given. While they are 
called types they should probably be called metatypes accord- 
ing to more modern views. It is likely that typical examples 
of Dr. Behr’s species are also in the W. H. Edward’s collec- 
tion now in the Carnegie Museum in Pittsburgh. Accurate 
figures of the types of American butterflies described by Dr. 
Boisduval would be very valuable, and it is to be hoped that 
some day American Lepidopterists will supply the funds neces- 
sary for the purpose. Modern building construction will do 
away with the danger of fire, but it is questionable whether 
buildings will ever be made earthquake proof. We suggest to 
all authors of new species that they supply our large institu- 
tions with cotypes or paratypes, or at least with metatypes so 
as to prevent entire destruction and lessen the distance to be 
traversed by those wishing to study type material. 


261 


262 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Sept., 06 


Entomological Literature. 


ENTOMOLOGY WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ITS BIOLOGICAL AND 
Economic Aspects.—By Justus Watson Folsom, Sc. D. (Harvard), 
Instructor in Entomology at the University of Illinois. With five plates 
(one colored) and 300 text-figures. Philadelphia: P. Blakiston’s Son & 
Co., 1012 Walnut Street. 1906. Octavo. Cloth, $3.00 net. Pp. vii, 485. 

The preface states: ‘‘ This book gives a comprehensive and concise 
account of insects. Though planned primarily for the student, it is 
intended also for the general reader. The book was written in an effort 


to meet the growing demand for a biological treatment of entomology. — 


The existence of several excellent works on the classification of insects 
(notably Comstock’s Manual, Kellogg’s American Insects and Sharp’s 
Insects) has enabled the author to omit the multitudinous details of clas- 
sification and to introduce much material that has hitherto not appeared 
in text books.”’ 

It may be added that this work is also utterly different fron Packard’s 
Text Book of Entomology ; perhaps it most resembles Carpenter’s In- 
sects, Their Structure and Life, among recent books in this field, but it 
devotes still less space to taxonomy, for Carpenter gives us the charac- 
ters of all the principal families of insects while Dr. Folsom descends to 
no lower category than that of the suborders. 

The effort to meet the demand for a biological treatment is shown by 
the list of chapters and their relative length. Chapters I. Classification, 
26 pp., II. Anatomy and Physiology, 119 pp., and III. Development, 38 
pp., form about 44% of the reading matter of the volume. The remain- 
ing Chapters, IV-XIII. are ecological and are the more interesting, 
partly by virtue of the merit claimed for them in that their matter, in 


large part, has not hitherto appeared in text books. Their titles are’ 


worth quoting to give the reader an idea of their nature : [V. Adaptations 
of Aquatic Insects; V. Color and Coloration (based largely on the works 
of Mayer, Tower, Edwards, Pictet and Poulton) ; VI. Adaptive Colora- 
tion (with the whole subject of Protective Resemblance, Warning Color- 
ation and Protective Mimicry, as interpreted in the light of the results of 
Finn, Judd, Bates, Wallace, F. Miiller, Dixey and Marshall and Poulton, 
and illustrated by the colored frontispiece of protective mimicry among 
butterflies, including that wonderful Papilio merope and its mimicking 
harem) ; VII. Origin of Adaptations and of Species (general and theo- 
retical with little direct discussion of insects) ; VIII. Insects in relation to 
Plants (foods, galls, plant-enemies of insects, pollination, structural mod- 
ifications in relation to plants, ant-plants) ; IX. Insects in relation to 
other Animals (as predaceous, parasitic, food, disease-transmitters) ; X. 
Interrelations of Insects (parasites and hyperparasites, social life) ; XI. 
Insect Behavior (tropisms, instinct, intelligence) ; XII. Distribution (geo- 
graphical and geological) ; XIII. Insects in relation to Man (as injurious 
and beneficial, with an historical sketch of early economic entomology in 
America based on Howard’s writings). 


1 i 
een 


& 
: i ah eee 
acai ote ea ea a 


Sept., ’06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 263 


Following is a selected, classified literature list of 1050-1100 titles, 
occupying 57 pages, and an 18 page index completes the volume. 

The illustrations deserve especial mention for their clearness and clean- 
ness ; many of them are entirely new and based on original drawings or 
photographs. : 

The book seems to us to be excellently adapted as a text-book in zoo- 
logical courses in which the aim is to understand insects as a whole with- 
out laying especial emphasis on the taxonomy, or the special morphology 
or embryology of any particular group or set of structures, nor will the 
general reader or naturalist regret placing the volume on his own shelves. 

A few errors or debatable statements have been noticed in a first read- 
ing. On page 18, ‘‘About fifteen thousand species’’ of Coleoptera is 
probably a slip of the pen for one hundred and fifty thousand ; p. 70, the 
view ‘‘that the gonapophyses belong to the segmental series of paired 
appendages—are homodynamous with limbs—”’ is accepted, although not 
stated as an unquestioned dogma; p. 72, the claspers (‘‘superior append- 


ages’’, of the male Odonata are termed cerci, in spite of Heymon’s recent 


paper.—P. P. C. 


THE BUTTERFLIES OF MonrTANA, Bull. 30 of the Univ. of Montana 
Biological Station, is a welcome addition to our literature. The Bulletin 
was primarily intended by the author, Prof. M. J, Elrod, for popular use 
for teachers and students of nature study, but it is of much value scien- 
tifically, as accurate data are given and our knowledge of geographical dis- 
tribution will be extended. It is illustrated by an excellent colored plate, 
twelve plates in black and white, and one hundred and twenty-five fig- 
ures. Asa rule the figures are clear, but in a few cases, and especially 
in the Agapetine, they are somewhat obscure. There are no serious 
errors, only a few trivial mistakes, which always occur in scientific publi- 
cations[!], such as figuring the var. swbpadlida for Aglais milberti. There 
are good generic and specific descriptions, and in a number of cases the 
original descriptions are given. The preparatory stages, when known, 
are described. A number of articles and photographs, for the most part 
relating to collecting in Montana, will prove interesting. The nomencla- 
ture is that of Dyar’s list. There is a good glossary and a map of Mon- 
tana showing the localities where the specimens were collected.—CarL 
R. COOLIDGE. 


atten 
— 


Notes and News. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL GLEANINGS FROM ALL QUARTERS 
OF THE GLOBE. 

AFTER strenuous effort and much correspondence Messrs. A. E. Lister 
of Scranton, and W. D. Kearfott of Montclair, N. J., arranged a collect- 
ing trip to the mountainous wilds of Pennsylvania. On the eve of June 
15th, the above mentioned, with H. W. and H. A. Wenzel and Dr. 


264 y ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS, [Sept:, ’06 = 


Henry Skinner met at Wilkes-Barre. The following morning was spent 
at Harvey’s Lake, where some fair collecting was had. In the afternoon 
it rained, and from that time on we lived in hope that sometime it would 
stop. Sunday and Monday were spent at Ricketts, North Mountain, 
Wyoming Co. Monday morning we went to Ganoga Lake and managed 
to pick up a few insects between the showers. At Harvey’s Lake we 
had the pleasure of having with us Prof. C. O. Thurston of Kingston. — 
We left North Mountain Tuesday morning. In spite of the continuous 
rain some nice things were taken, especially by the Micro-Lepidopterists, 
who will doubtless report later. The locality is in the boreal life zone. 
A pleasant feature of the trip was the warm hospitality of Colonel R. 
Bruce Ricketts. 


Dr. Dyar’s SQUARE DEALING.—Under the above caption Mr. D. W. 
Coquillett refers to a paper published by Mr. Knab and myself on March 
14, 1906, as an advance separate from the Journal of the New York Ento- 
mological Society. We were obliged to criticize very severely Mr. 
Coquillett’s work on mosquitoes, and it is therefore, perhaps, pardonable 
that he shows some rancor in his reply. I should allow him the fullest 
latitude and withhold any response, except that his statement of the cir- 
cumstances is faulty, and clearly calls for correction. The work on the 
Carnegie Monograph was divided, the adults being assigned to Mr. 
Coquillett, the larvae to me. In accordance with this arrangement, Mr. 
Busck gave me his larve on his return from the West Indies. Mr. 
Coquillett asked to examine them, and I allowed him to study them until — 
I found that, in an access of overzeal, he was attempting to do my work 
to the neglect of his own. I then demanded the return of the material. 
This small difficulty was not, as implied by Mr. Coquillett, the cause of 
the preparation of our paper. That is explained in its own introduction. 
It only remains to add that its hasty publication was secured to anticipate 
Mr. Coquillett’s names, which it was expected he would publish on infor- 
mation secured from me, and on larval characters, with which I consider 
he is not prepared to deal. In regard to his names being “‘ tentative,” 
they were so only as subject to my revision on larval characters. They 
were the best he could do with the adults alone. The matter had con- 
centrated to a study of the larve as independent organisms, and, as such, 
I considered the field preeminently my own, including the baptism of the 
new forms. 

I was quite unaware that I had changed Mr. Coquillett’s marks of doubt 
from species to genus, and, if so, it was purely by inadvertence and with- 
out any such object as Iam charged with. I have tried to deal with Mr. 
Coquillett’s work as squarely as possible, and if Iam obliged to condemn 
it unreservedly, it is without any personal animosity. 

As far as the Carnegie Monograph is concerned, the situation has been 
finally clarified by removing Mr. Coquillett from any connection with it, 
which is now in my hands.—HARRISON G. DYAR. 


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-Sept., ’06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 265 


CONCERNING Monomorium destructor Jerdon.—In a brief paper on cer- 
tain tropical ants introduced into the United States, published in the Janu- 
ary number of the Ent. News, I recorded the occurrence of a well-known 
Indian ant, Monomorium destructor, in Alabama and Florida. The 
specimens from which this record was made were collected by Mr. Clar- 
ence B. Moore and sent to the Philadelphia Academy of Sciences. From 
the occurrence of the ants in two such widely separated localities, I in- 
ferred that these insects must have been recently introduced at different 
points on the Gulf Coast or were already widely distributed through the 
Southern States. 

Since the publication of my paper, Dr. Skinner has kindly called my 
attention to certain facts which put the matter in a different light. He 
writes me that Mr. Moore frequently sends to the Academy sacks of earth 
from various localities in the Southern States. This earth is sorted over 
for small snails, and it was from such earth from Black Warrior River, 
Alabama, and Seminole Point, Florida, that the specimens of AZ. destruc- 
tor were taken. The following letter from Mr. Moore to Dr. Skinner 
gives an interesting and satisfactory explanation of their supposed occur- 
rence in the two localities: ‘‘I am inclined to think that the tropical ants 
are not found in the localities named in the article describing the ants. 


_My boat is infested by myriads of these ants, and, no doubt, they got into 


packages of snails from the places named, after the snails had been 
brought aboad the steamer. 

These ants do not make their appearance in cool weather, but appear 
in myriads when the hot weather sets in. They are fierce little chaps. 
One night I awoke with my legs stinging all over. I found the ants had 
swarmed into my bed and had been biting my legs. I found them with 
their noses buried in the skin. 

No doubt the ants got aboard originally at some shipping centre, prom 
ably Jacksonville or Savannah.”’ 

It is probable that 17. destructor has reached the ports mentioned by 
Mr. Moore or other ports in the Southern States, from the West Indies. 
Ernest André recorded its occurrence in Jamaica (Revue d’Entomol., 
1893, Pp, 152,) and I recently saw a colony nesting at the foot of a tree near 
Tallaboa on the southern coast of Porto Rico.—W™m. M. WHEELER. 


Doings of Societies. 


A meeting of the Feldman Collecting Social was held at the 
residence of Dr. Henry Skinner, 716 N. 20th Street, Philadel- 
phia, on April 18, 1906. Mr. Erich Daecke, President, in the 
chair. Nine members were present, and Mr. H. A, Wenzel, 


visitor. 


266 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Sept., ’06 


Mr. H. W. Wenzel exhibited a box of Coleoptera captured 
April 18, 1906, by Elmer Wenzel at Swarthmore; the follow- 
ing four species were represented : Cychrus viduus and stenosto- 
mus, Dicelus polttus and ambiguus. ? 

Mr. Haimbach read an article from a local newspaper refer- 
ring to the African sleeping sickness. Dr. Skinner remarked 
that the Tsetse fly, Glossina morsitans, or other species of 
Glossina are probably responsible for transmitting the said 
disease. : 

Mr. H. W. Wenzel said that he had observed larve of 
Xylota pigra actively feeding all winter under pine bark, also 
the pupz were present, and on April 8th the fly made its ap- 


pearance at Grenlock. 
| FRANK HAIMBACH, Secrefary. 


A meeting of the Feldman Collecting Social was held on 
May 16, 1906, at the residence of Mr. H. W. Wenzel, 1523 S. 
13th St., Philadelphia. President Daecke in the chair. Ten 
members present, and Mr. Henry L. Viereck, visitor. 

A letter from Professor Smith was read, in which he called 
attention to the fact that the periodical Cicada is due this year — 
in the State of New Jersey, and asked Mr. Daecke to look out 
same and bring same to attention of members and ask them to 
collect and also try find its limitations. 

Mr. Harbeck exhibited a box of Diptera and Coleoptera ; of 
the the latter, one was Corymdites hamatus, taken at German- 
town, Philadelphia, May 12, 1906; another was Lizmonius 
stigma, taken at Germantown, Philadelphia, April 13, 1906. 

Mr. Viereck spoke about the bees which occur around Devon, 
and said there were probably 260 species to be found there. 
He did not find any nests, but four species of Audrena were 
taken along the roads sunning themselves. Mr. Viereck stated 
that in a letter from Dr. McCook the latter wrote that he had 
located no less than two hundred bee burrows in a lot about 
forty feet square. Nests of Colletes inegualis were found in 
the earth about 12 inches deep, and of them Mr. Viereck 
stated that he had made successfully casts of plaster of paris. 


- Sept., ’06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 267 


Dr. Skinner exhibited two species of Coleoptera appar- 
ently new to science, one a Cantharis, the other near to Z/ap- 
_ hidion. 3 

Mr, Wenzel exhibited a box of Coleoptera, captured since 
the last meeting ; series of the following species were shown : 
Cychrus lecontei, Phymatodes ater, Callidium janthinum, Neocly- 
tus caprea and Tillomorpha geminata. ‘The speaker said that 
he had cut the specimens of Phymatodes from oak branches, the 
same species taken on Five-Mile Beach are unicolored black, 
only one specimen having a white humeral band, the specimens 
cut out of oak in Gloucester County, New Jersey, are all 
banded, some having two white bands. 7Zilomorpha geminata 
and a species of Agri/us in the pupz state were cut from the 
same branches. | ; 

Dr. Castle said that he had gathered a number of acorns last 
fall with Balaninus larvee in them, with a view of rearing the 
said larve. He buried them in a flower pot in the garden, ap- 
parently well secured, but when he looked for the larvze this 
spring they had all disappeared. 

Dr. Skinner reported the death on April 11, 1906, of Mr. 
Roland Hayward, of Milton, Mass. 

Mr. Daecke exhibited specimens of of Rhyphus punctatus, 
Tenthredinidz sp. ? Leptidz sp. ? probably Xylophagus abdo- 
minalis, the latter species no doubt predatory on larvze of Sco- 
lytidze. Mr. Daecke also exhibited a nest of Vespa maculata, 
which had layers of two distinct positions, due to the breaking 
of the limb upon which it was built. 

A vote of thanks was extended to Dr. Skinner for the man- 
ner in which he entertained the Social at the last meeting. 

FRANK HAIMBACH, Secretary. 


Minutes of meetings of Brooklyn Entomological Society, 
at the residence of Mr. George Franck, 1040 DeKalb Avenue, 
Brooklyn, New York. 

January 4, 1906.—Twenty-two persons present, the Presi- 
dent in the chair. 

Prof. Smith reported that the manuscript of the ‘‘ Glossary 


268 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Sept., ’06 


of Entomological Terms’’ was ready for the printer, and Mr. 
Franck that $710. had been subscribed toward the cost of the 
publication. The price per copy was fixed at $2.00. 

Dr. Wm. Barnes, of Decatur, Illinois, was elected a member. 

The following officers for the ensuing year were then elec- 
ted: President, Rev. J. L. Zabriskie ; Vice-President, Edward 
L. Graef; Treasurer, Christopher H. Roberts ; Corresponding 
Secretary, Archibald C. Weeks ; Recording Secretary, George | 
P. Engelhardt ; Librarian, Roy S. Richardson ; Curator, Geo. 
Franck ; Executive Committee, the officers above named and : 
Carl Schaeffer and Frank E. Watson; Program Committee, 
George Franck, Carl Schaeffer and Roy S. Richardson; Dele- 
gates to Scientific Alliance, of New York City, the President 
ex-officio, Richard F. Pearsall and Archibald C. Weeks. 

february 1, 1906,—Sixteen persons present, the President 
in the chair. Mr. Weeks acted as Recording Secretary in the 
absence of Mr. Engelhardt. 

Mr. Edgar L. Dickerson gave an outline of the scope and 
character of the work carried on in the entomological labora- 
tory of the New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station since 
1889, embracing special investigations and methods of control 
of the mosquito and San Jose scale and insects infesting the 
the cranberry, squash, blackberry, etc., instruction in elemen- 
tary entomology, formation of collections for the use of the 
Station and the State Museum, and the preparation aud distri- 
bution of bulletins, reports, lists of insects and other entomo- 
logical information. 

Mr. William C. Wood exhibited some microscopical slides 
showing examples of the pollen of a species of Asclepias having 
two small pinions with oddily jointed ribs attached to a neuc- — 
leus which was cleft sufficiently to admit of the insertion of the 
legs and feet of butterflies visiting the plant and to which the 
pollen adhered firmly and thus promoted fertilization as the 
insect flitted from flower to flower. Specimens of /. cenia, P. | 
troilus, C. eubule and A. cybele, collected at Miami, Florida, in 
June and July, with pollen clinging to their tibize and tarsi, 
were shown. 


ARCHIBALD C. WEEKS, Secretary. 


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_ ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION 


ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA. 


VoL. XVII. OCTOBER, 1906. No. 8. 
CONTENTS: 

Aldrich—Baron Osten Sacken......... 269. | Sanborn—Macrosiphum granaria ..... 290 
Johnson—Baron Osten Sacken ........ 273 | Howard—Diaspis pentagona.......... 291 
Crawford—A new Halictus from Nebr. 275 | Wellman—Glossina palpalis wellmani 294 
Skinner—Studies of Pyrgus syrichtus, Viereck—Vespoidae from Connecticut 302 
- tessellata, occidentalis and monti- Busck—Notes on Tortricid genera .... 305 
MES ks doutveedsivecceeses 277 | Girault—A new species of Eulophidz 305 
Weber—Notes.on Mosquitoes......... a7. |, TEAMMIAN cieild oy i'n ova ieaen sap eo os os 308 
Rehn—Some Utah Orthoptera......... 254..\  NGCRARG IOUS > oavhccccepsbesccicsses 309 
Grossbeck—A new Limacodid ........ 289: | Doings of Societies 2). 25.2 o< cee eiieee 31I 


Baron Osten Sacken. 
By J. M. ALDRICH. 
(Plate XI) 

Karl Robert Romanovich, Baron von der Osten Sacken, 
commonly known among entomologists as C. R. Osten Sacken, 
was born in St. Petersburg, August 21, 1828, and died at his 
home in Heidelberg, Germany, on May 20, 1906. 

In 1849 young Osten Sacken entered the service of the Rus- 
sian Imperial Foreign Office. After some years of apprentice- 
ship in diplomacy, he was in 1856 appointed Secretary of Le- 
gation in Washington. In 1862 he was made Consul General 
for Russia in New York City, and held the position until 1871, 
when he retired from the diplomatic service. After several 
journeys to Europe and back, he again settled in the United 
States, this time as a private citizen, and remained until 1877 ; 
in this year he returned to Europe, making his home in 
Heidelberg the remainder of his life. 

From 1856 to 1877, it will be seen, Osten Sacken was almost 
continuously a resident of the United States. Before this he 
had begun to work on Diptera, especially Tipulide. Imme- 


We have received two. interesting accounts of the life of Baron 
Osten Sacken, who may almost be called an American entomologist. 
These are by two eminent dipterists, and, not caring to discriminate, we 
decided to publish both.—Ebs. 

269 


270 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Oct., ’06 


diately on getting settled in this country he began to organize 
things for extensive dipterological research. He published (in 
1859) a catalogue of the described North American Diptera ; 
he collected a large amount of materia] in the order; he made 
the acquaintance of most of the collectors in various parts of 
the country, and had them send him their Diptera; most of 
his accumulations he sent to Loew in Guben, Prussia, for de- 
scription, reserving only a few families, principally the Tipu- 
lidze and Tabanide, for himself; he also established relations 
with the Smithsonian Institution which resulted in the publi- 
cation of a large part of the descriptive matter prepared by 
Loew and himself in the four volumes called by the general 
title of ‘‘ Monographs of North American Diptera’’ ; in short, 
it may be said that for some twenty-one years nearly all the 
work done on the order was directly due to the tremendous 
energy of Osten Sacken. Toward the close of the period, 
after visiting the principal type collections of Diptera in 
Europe, he published a second catalogue of North American 
Diptera, this time critical in character and exhibiting the 
actual status of the order in a manner which for clearness, 
completeness, and absolute mastery of the subject must for- 
ever remain an unapproachable model for later workers in the 
order. Osten Sacken had practically created himself all the 
main subject matter of the catalogue; hence the impossibility 
of any later entomologist ever occupying a similar position 
with regard to it. 

In addition to the Smithsonian monographs and his two 
catalogues, Osten Sacken’s Prodrome to a Monograph of 
North American Tabanidee, published by the Boston Society 
of Natural History, and Loew’s Centuries of North American 
Diptera (one thousand new species, published in Germany), 
embody the principal results of his labors. 

As a fitting climax to his achievements, Osten Sacken suc- 
cessfully conducted a rather difficult and delicate negotiation, 
by which Loew was reimbursed for his labors on the North 
American material, and surrendered it all to the Museum of 
Comparative Zoology at Harvard, at that time much the best 
depository in the United States for such material. Osten 


_- 


ae a . 


Oct., ’06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 271 


Sacken donated all his own material to the same institution, 
and the Loew-Osten Sacken type collection of Diptera was 
thus established ; it still remains in good condition, and we 
may expect will continue to be useful for many years to come. 

After returning to Europe, Osten Sacken felt that his labors 
in descriptive entomology were practically at an end. He 
continued to publish papers on the larger phases of classifica- 
tion, on insect habits, historical researches on entomology, etc., 
up to a few years before his death. In 1886-87 he published 
216 pages of Vol. I. of the Diptera in the Biologia Centrali- 
Americana. In 1903 and 1904 he published his ‘‘ Record of 
My Life Work in Entomology’’ (parts I and II printed in 
Cambridge, Mass. ; part III in Heidelberg), which gives not 
only a review of his own activity, but includes critical esti- 
mates of several contemporary entomologists, and much his- 
torical matter on dipterology in general. 

Osten Sacken’s entomological work was almost completed 
twenty-eight years ago, hence he seems to belong to a genera- 
tion that has long passed away. Only one living dipterist of 
this country, so far as I know, had a personal acquaintance 
with him—I allude to S. W. Williston, who met him on his 
last trip to this country. 

Osten Sacken wrote in Russian, German, French, Italian, 
English, and on occasion in Latin; he preferred English, in 
which he had a literary style distinguished for clearness, force 
and accuracy. ‘The striking qualities of his character were 
energy, farsightedness, persistence, keen discrimination, and 
conscientiousness. No pecuniary consideration ever lessened 
the completeness of his devotion to the Diptera. He always 
sought to be impartial, but the bent of his mind was such that 
he could never appreciate the argument of a man who dis- 
agreed with him. Such people seemed to him either mildly 
insane, or else animated with a personal animosity towards 
himself. In a letter to the writer, he says in regard to Loew, 
‘*T am conscious of having been perfectly fair-towards him in 
my Record. I never doubted for an instant that he was a 
perfectly honest and veracious man. His idiosyncrasies I 
incline to ascribe to a congenital defect of the brain which 


272 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Oct., ’06 


disturbed its normal function and finally culminated in the 
brain disease to which he succumbed. Every one of us, very 
probably, is afflicted with some malformation of this kind 
which more or less impairs his mental vision.’’ May we be 
as charitable with Osten Sacken in regard to the two or three 
animosities which he especially cherished. 

As a correspondent, he was delightful. During his Ameri- 
can residence he accumulated large numbers of letters from 
entomologists in various parts of the country, which it seems 
from his Record he faithfully preserved till his death. This 
material would be of great value if ultimately acquired by 
some American institution; the history of American ento- 
mology during the ’50’s, ’60’s and ’70’s is largely embalmed 
therein. 

Two years ago he wrote, ‘‘ As the Grandfather of American 
Dipterology, I am very much interested in the progress of my 
descendants,”’ 

On another occasion, ‘‘ At my age a man does well, when 
he is able to do so, to withdraw from his usual occupation or 
profession, and to leave the field for a younger generation. 
For about fifty years I have worked hard in my science and 
have reason to be content with the result. My Record I hope 
to have published bye and bye, and shall allow myself from 
time to time to publish ‘‘ obiter dicta’’ on dipterology, like the 
short articles which have appeared in the Ent. M. M., London, 
recently. But, with these exceptions, I give up entomology, 
and shall not take any part in discussions. In many points 
my opinions are peculiar. I have explained them distinctly 
enough in my writings, and posterity will pronounce upon 
them. For this reason I do not enter into any further discus- 
sion about * * *, the result of which is, for me, of sovereign 
indifference.’’ 

And yet again, ‘‘ My health is excellent, but my brain is 
easily tired and my working power has much diminished. I 
am in the position of a traveler at a railway station, waiting 
for a train to depart with. This departure I expect without 
the slightest apprehension.’’ 


He was a man, take him for all in all, 
I shall not look upon his like again. 


oe 


Oct., ’06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 273 


Charles Robert v. d. Osten Sacken. 
By C. W. JoHNson. 


Baron Osten Sacken was born in St. Petersburg, Russia, 
August 21, 1828, and died at Heidelberg, Germany, May 20, 
1906. Educated in St. Petersburg, he entered into the service 
of the Imperial Office in 1849. In 1856 he was appointed 
Secretary: of Legation in Washington, and in 1862 Consul 
General of Russia in New York. Resigning in 1871, he 
returned to Europe, and in the autumn of 1873 revisited the 
United States, remaining until 1877, having been a resident of 
this country for twenty-one years. 

_ At the early age of eleven he began to take an interest in 
entomology, his first paper appearing in 1854, “Proposal for a 
new classification of the Tipulide brevipalpi,’ based upon a 
detailed study of their male genital organs.” These ideas were 
later incorporated in his paper on “New genera and species of 
North American Tipulide,” etc., in 1860, and in his “Mono- 
graph on the North American Tipulidz,” in 1869. Additional 
notes on this family appeared in 1886-87 under the title 
“Studies on Tipulide.” In 1858 Osten Sacken published the 
first catalogue of North American Diptera. This work was fol- 
lowed by that laborious and thankless task, the translating and 
editing of Loew’s manuscript of his three monographs; the 
first appearing in 1862, the second in 1864, and the third, after 
an unaccountable delay on Loew’s part, in 1872. Before the 
publication of his own monograph on the tipulide (part iv) 
the original manuscript was destroyed by a fire which occurred 
at Smithsonian Institution, January 24, 1865, and had to be 
rewritten, the volume not appearing until January, 1869. In 
recently referring to this matter, which is not mentioned in the 
monograph, he says: “The loss did not, in the end, turn out 
to be a loss to science. During a journey to Europe which I 
undertook soon after it had happened, I gained a great deal 
of information in the museums I visited that proved a benefit 
to the work when I reproduced it.” Following the work on 
the monographs, his principal publications were: “Prodrome 
of a Monograph of the North American Tabanide,” 1875 ; 


274 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Oct., ’06 


“Western Diptera,” 1877, and “Catalogue of North American 
Diptera,” 1878. 

It is indeed fortunate that such an able, generous, self-sacri- 
ficing man, having always the interest of American Dipterology 
at heart, should have taken up the study of this neglected order. 
In his co-operation with Loew he had an understanding that all 
species described by him should eventually be returned to the 
United States. This scheme, he says, “enabled me to receive 
without stint the numerous contributions in collections and 
specimens which were most generously put at my disposal by 
different collectors during my long residence in the United 
States.” In 1877, owing to Loew’s rapidly declining health, 
Osten Sacken attended personally to the transfer of the col- 
lection to Cambridge. This collection contained about 1300 
species described by Loew, 330 identified by him, and about 
1200 unidentified species; combined with Osten Sacken’s col- 
lection, which comprises his types of Tipulidz, the entire col- 
lection of Tabanidz, Western Diptera, etc., makes a total of 
about 1800 determined species. 3 

Since 1877 Baron Osten Sacken made his home in Heidel- 
berg and continued his studies of the Diptera, publishing 
numerous papers, including “Enumeration of the Diptera of the 
Malay Archipelago,” etc., 1881; “An Essay of Comparative 
Cheetotaxy,” etc., 1881, revised in 1884; “Diptera from the 
Philippine Islands,” etc., 1882; “The Diptera Orthorrhapha” 
in “Biologia Centrali-Americana,” 1886; “Studies on Tipulide,” 
pt. 1, 1886, pt. 2, 1887; On the Characters of the Three Divis- 
ions of Diptera: Nemocera vera, Nemocera anomala and Ere- 
mocheta, 1892; On the so-called “Bugonia” of the Ancients, 
1893, revised in 1894, with additional notes in 1895; “Record 
of my Life-work in Entomology,” pts. 1, 2, 1903, pt. 3, 1904. 
His entomological publications in all number 179, and he 
described over 360 species of North American Diptera, and 
about 100 from the Malay Archipelago, Philippines, etc. 

Baron Osten Sacken possessed what is so frequently wanting 
in scientific men, a thorough mastery of details, undoubtedly an 
inborn characteristic, which stood by him to the last and enabled 


Oct., ’06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 275 


him to produce that wonderfully concise book, “Record of my 
Life-work in Entomology,” a volume which so fittingly rounds 
out the life-work of this remarkable man. This fascinating 
book tells, among other things, the many differences existing 
among the contemporaneous dipterologists—a personal bibliog- 
raphy, as it were, in which the one at fault is always severely 
criticised. On the other hand, nieritorious works and deeds 
are extolled in terms of true and lasting friendship. His man- 
ner of criticism is perhaps best shown in the following para- 
graph: “In regard to Loew I state here once for all that, while 
condemning his injustice in the strongest terms, I do not 
mean to impugn his personal character as a man of truth and 
honor. Loew, without any question, was a very superior man, 
far superior.to me in natural ability, as well as learning. His 
colossal labors stand for him; what I have done has been to 
place his work in a better light and to give it a more distinct - 
definition, which was due to history.” 

Usually he wrote his name C. R. Osten Sacken. In some of 
the library catalogues in which they have endeavored to give 
full names, it is Karl Robert Romanovich baron von Osten 
Sacken. I have adopted the name as it appears in his last 
publication, printed below his portrait accompanying part 3 
of his life-work in entomology. 


A new Halictus from Nebraska. 
By J. C. CRAWForRD. 


Halictus swenki n. sp.—°. 

Form rather slender, head and thorax black, segments 1-3 of abdomen 
red, segment 1 with a blotch of black at base, segments 4 and 5 black; 
apical margins of segments lighter, of 4 almost hyaline. 

Facial quadrangle slightly longer than broad, hardly narrowed below, 


supraclypeal area and base of clypeus finely lineolate and finely sparsely 


punctured, clypeus apically shiny and with sparse larger punctures; 
face above antennz shiny, somewhat roughened and with fine shallow 
indistinct punctures; the whole face almost concealed by white appresed 
pubescence ; flagellum beneath, except 2 or 3 basal segments, red; 
mesothorax with rather abundant whitish pubescence, finely lineolate, 


276 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Oct., ’06 


slightly shiny, with very fine rather close punctures; median groove 
well impressed, parapsidal grooves not very plain; truncation of meta- 
thorax not surrounded by a salient rim, its surface reticulately lineolate 


and with a few oblique punctures and from center of base a few short 


radiating strie; base of metathorax finely reticulately lineolate, dull, 
with a few irregularly longitudinal striz reaching about half way to 
apex except occasionally two or three medial ones which reach almost 
to apex; mesopleure roughened, vertically striate, with oblique punc- 
tures, more apparent anteriorly; metapleure finely lineolate, slightly 
vertically striate, with a few scattered punctures more numerous at the 
upper posteiror angles; wings hyaline, nervures and stigma light honey- 
color, third submarginal about one-third longer than second, narrowed 
about one-third to marginal; tegule largely testaceous; legs black, 
anterior and middle knees, a stripe on front of anterior tibize and apical 
joints of tarsi reddish; hind inner spur with about four long teeth; 
abdomen transversely lineolate, closely and minutely punctured, segment 
1 almost impunctate; bases of segments 2 and 3 with indistinct lateral 
hair patches; segments 4 and 5 covered with thin whitish pubescence; 
_ venter with segments 1-3 red, rest black. 

Length about 714-8 mm, 

Six specimens from West Point, Nebraska, June 15, 1905; 
on Rosa arkensena (Prof. L. Bruner and Harry Smith). 

This species is named after Mr. Myron H. Swenk, from 
whom I first received the species, in recognition of his excel- 
lent work on the bees of Nebraska. 

In general form this is like H. galpinsiae Ckll., but that 
species has the head strongly punctured, the mesothorax much 
more closely punctured, the first segment of abdomen not 
transversely lineolate, as well as having the entire abdomen 
black. H. ovaliceps Ckll., the only described species from the 
United States with a red abdomen, has the face much longer 
and the punctures of the mesothorax much closer and stronger, 
nervures dark, etc. 

This species has a most remarkable resemblance in its 
general form and color to Sphecodogastra texana Cress., which, 
in addition to its generic differences, also differs in the strong 
punctures of the head, larger size, first segment of abdomen 
not transversely lineolate, etc. 

The type has been deposited in the National Museum and 
paratypes in the collections of the American Entomological 
Society and the University of Nebraska. 


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Oct., ’06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 277 


Studies of Pyrgus syrichtus, tessellata, occidentalis 
and montivagus. 
By Henry SKINNER. 
(Plate XII) 


_ There has always been much confusion in the literature in 
regard to syrichtus, tessellata and montivagus. W. H. Ed- 
wards placed the latter as a variety of tessellata. Scudder put 
his tessellata as a synonym of montivagus. Godman and Sal- 
vin in the Biologia also place tessellata under montivagus. 
Reakirt’s original.description gives the locality of montivagus 
as Rocky Mountains, Colorado Territory. (Coll. Tryon Rea- 
kirt, “Mexico, near Vera Cruz.”) 

The Reakirt collection was purchased by Herman Strecker, 
and in the third supplement to his Rhop. et Het. he ‘says he 
possesses the types of montivagus, “one ¢, one 9, Rocky 
Mts., Colorado.” | 

Some years ago I examined these types, and they are 
syrichtus Fab. The original description also applies better to 
syrichtus than to tessellata, and I quote as follows: “Hind 
wings with a marginal and submarginal row of rounded 
Sspots,’—secondaries (below) “two transverse white. maculate 
bands; one near the base of three spots, edged posteriorly with 
brown lines, the other is mesial, of irregular outline, and bor- 
dered with black lines on both sides.” The maculate bands in 
tessellata are of a light greenish color, and in syrichtus there are 
no real mocular bands except as an outline in black.* I have 
never seen syrichtus from Colorado, and it is possible there 
may be an error in regard to Reakirt’s locality, such mistakes 
being common enough in those days. I have a syrichtus from 
southwestern Texas and Key West, Fla., but from no other 
places in the United States. There can be no question as to 
what is means by tessellata, The original description says 

“mar ginal : row of Spots on upper side of hind wing reduced to 


*In some specimens the inferiors below are 1 light brown as though 
covered with a thin wash of this color, and the bands are more or less 
auasinct, but hardly as well marked as in ¢essellata and not greenish in 
color, 


278 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Oct., ’06 


a row of mere points or obsolete. Two pale greenish mocular 


bands on secondaries below.” 

Syrichtus é has the inner half of the wings covered by long 
white downy hairs. The females differ in maculation as do the 
males of the two species, but the differences are not as well 
marked. Syrichtus Q is more brown than black. They may 
be separated from tessellata Q at a glance. In the News, vol. 
xvii, page 96, I indicated a new form under the name Pyrgus 
occidentalis. This is not a species, but only a form or geograph- 
ical race of tessellata. It has bothered me for a long time and 
has frequently been sent to me to name. It is smaller than 
tessellata and whiter in color, and the spots are larger in pro- 


portion to the ground color. It expands in the ¢ 25 mm.;_ 


whereas tessellata expands 32 mm. This is an average size for 
the two. 

I have specimens from Northwest Territory (Geddes), Cali- 
fornia, Arizona, and Texas. 

Syrichtus and tessellata may be compared as follows: 


Syrichtus f Tessellata 3. 
A marginal row of white spots A marginal row of white pin 
on upper side of inferiors. points on upper side of inferiors or 
obsolete. | 
Macular bands on inferiors be- Macular bands on inferiors be- 
low pale greenish. low white or brownish. 


Long white downy hair on inner, No such hair. 

half of wings. 

The females may be separated in the same way, except that 
the white hair is lacking in this sex. According to Godman and 
Salvin the genitalia of the two are different. The distribution of 
the species outside of the United States is given in the Biologia. 


<4 
=r 


I HAVE been getting a considerable number of Hesperide to name 
and I am glad to see such an interest in these little butterflies, which 
have been so much neglected. Outside of the comma variations they 
have splendid specific characters, and with so many recent figures it 
seems strange that they prove so difficult to collectors. I am always 
willing to name spread specimens in this family. Mr. J. H. Cook (Sept. 


Jour., N. Y. Ent. Soc.) is to be congratulated on telling us what - 


Thanaos ausonius really is—HENRY SKINNER, 


Or ge ee 


Oct., ’06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 279 


Notes on Mosquitoes. 
By Dr. S. E. WEBER, Lancaster, Pa. 


(Continued from p. 217, Vol. xvii, No. 6.) 


DAY MOSQUITOES. 
Culicada Felt (Culex) canadensis Theobald. 


This species I have found to be distinctively a day mosquito. 
Its peculiar habits are somewhat modified according to the 
stage of the season. Observations were made in rgor on this 
form in southwestern Pennsylvania, along the Susquehanna 
River, where it was found in abundance breeding in the waters 
of the old abandoned tide-water canal. The adults made their 
first appearance May 23rd, when at 10 a. m. a specimen was 
captured in the act of probing the point of my finger for blood. 
The last one of the season was seen October 29th in the after- 
noon. 

Their attacks in the early part of the season were invaribly 
made from 1o a.m. until noon, and in the gloaming of the 
evening, and by the latter part of September they were noticed 
during the middle of the day only, and not in the evening, for 
it seemed now too cool for this species to fly. In October they 
were numerous in the afternoon, more so between 2 and 3 
o’clock, and on warm days were very annoying at that time. 
In a bark-pile, about 500 yards away from a breeding place, 
they seemed to have their abode, since they were intolerable 
at that place. Aside from the Axopheles this was the common 
species found in the immediately locality of Shenk’s Ferry, 
Penna. 

That the day-time habit is not only confined to this species 
is shown by the fact that C. ¢riseriatus Say will also make her 
attacks in day time. In the handling of thousands of Culex 
pipiens none has ever effered to bite me, but Cudicada triseria- 
tus have alighted directly from the vessel where they were bred 
on my hand for the first sip of blood. 

The same peculiarity may also be noted in other genera, 
notably in Anopheles, but in these species the day-time habit 
was only noticed in their first appearance in the spring. 


280 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Oct., 06 


ANOPHELES. 

The species of this genus most common in the lower Sus- 
quehanna River breeding district are 4. maculipennits Meig. 
and A. punctipennis Say, where I have taken the larve from 
the standing waters in the bed of the tide-water canal. 


Day HABITs. 


Adults of both these species were taken from the windows in 
houses (on damp days) in March, rg01. In April they be- 


come active outdoors, more particularly in a garden where the © 


shrubbery seemed to be full of them, In an old shop, close to 
this garden, they were also numerous, and at these two places 
the attacks from these insects were fierce and persistent in day 
time during the month of April. On the 17th, a warm day, 
were very numerous and seemed determined for blood. ‘They 
appeared in the garden mostly in the afternoon and allowed 
themselves to be pushed from place to place on the back of 
one’s hand. A member of the family while at repose in the 
middle of the day was bitten on her arm by an A. punctipennis 
in five places, which was caused by the victim in her sleep push- 
ing the mosquito around until five rosy spots with pale centres 
were left on her arm. This demonstrates the persistence in 
getting the first sop after a season of rest. The more persist- 
ent specimens seem to have been the gravid females. And this 
peculiarity attending the day habit of these species I have only 
observed with their first appearance in the spring. 

A. maculipennis is the most common in breeding district of 
the Susquehanna River, where it was found in such abundance 
that the people living in certain localities were obliged to kill 
numbers every evening before retiring. In small sleeping 
rooms in some dwellings gravid females, in some instances of 
unusual size, even without charge of ova and blood, were 
taken from rooms where the blood was often extracted from 
small children. Mosquitoes and malaria in this, like other 
localities, even these days of better knowledge, is still tolera- 
ted. From summer cottages on the banks of the Susquehanna 
I have known whole families to return home with malarial 
fever, and numerous individual cases whose infection was re- 
ceived from a visit along the river. 


ee ee ae LF 


a eae ee 


Oct., ’06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 281 


The periodic visits in houses some distance away from the 
canal bed was a peculiarity observed in this species ; these were 
more prevalent for a few days or a week, and more particularly 
so on some days just before rain, when they seemed more 
active in their efforts in trying to get into the houses. Their 
hibernating as well as abode during activity was found in old 
shops, pig stables, spring houses, barns, etc. 

In the breeding and hibernating place reproduction (see PI. 
IX), we find A. punctipennis the most common species of the 
Anopheles, which I have found breeding in rain barrels. From 
observations in neglected yards I infer that these forms breed 
more in such places than is generally admitted. In the yard 
illustrated they were found in rain barrels and began to breed 
in July, lasting until the end of September, being most prolific 
during the month of August, e. g. in 1904, the highest number 
in a single barrel was four generations, aggregating upwards 
of 200 A. punctipennis larvee. ‘The egg deposits have been 
from six to fifty and upward of sixty. 


THE NATURAL ENEMY. 


The dragonflies I have noticed as one of the most import- 
ant factors in the destruction of mosquitoes in rural districts, 
but not in cities. I have found several species of mites on the 
Anopheles mentioned, as well as Chelanops sanbornt and other 
pseudoscorpions. In the larve the protozoa were of much 
annoyance in the rain barrel generations, some of them being 
literally covered with Vorticella so that their movements were 
much checked. They were most numerous on the first three 
abdominal segments where they were out of reach from the 
larva’s mouth brushes, and it required quite an effort for the 
larvee to keep them from occluding the air tube. The beauti- 
ful flower-like clusters of Vorticella are not the only infusor- 
ians, since numbers of Parvamecia and other animalcules were 
constantly hovering around them, and even at their mouth 
with safety, when particles of dust, etc., were eaten with dis- 
patch by the larvee. 

One of the most important points in control work on mos- 
quitoes is to distinguish between the various species of larve, 


282 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Oct., ’06 


which are the principal factors with which the sanitarian has 
to deal. Since the young larvee of Anopheles and that of Culex 
territans resemble one another in general appearance, and both 
possess the same food habit and remain at the surface of the 
water up to the 4th or 5th day, we may briefly compare the 
two forms, for it is not within the limits of these notes to give 
an account of the interesting life history of C. ferritans, which 
has not been treated completely. 

The egg laying process of C. ferritans is somewhat similar 
to that of C. Azpzens, the mass is built on the same geometrical 
plan, but the eggs are smaller and the process of color trans- 
formations are different. The mass usually contains about 150 
eggs, and are of a canary-yellow color when deposited; the 
usual color changes taking place in about 10 hours when they 
may be found changed to a polished black color. The egg 
state in May and early part of June is about 38 hours. The 
young larvee when first hatched differ from those of C. pipiens 
in many respects. Up to about 4 or 5 days old they are of a 
brown color. The thorax is of a pale or whitish color ante- 
riorly, while the posterior part is brown. The first 3 abdom- 
inal segments are of a brown color, but the 4th abdominal seg- 
ment is colorless, and the 5th, 6th and 7th are dark brown. 
The general shape is more slender than that of C. pipiens of 
the same age, which renders it a different picture from the 
latter when seen on the water. It seems more pointed towards 
the end or wedge shaped like that of A. punctipennis of same 
age, when seen with the naked eye. It requires close obser- 
vation to recognize the difference from the latter since they are 
often found of about the same color and both spotted black and 
white. In 4. punctipennis the 3rd abdominal segment is white; 
in C. territans the 4th segment is white at the same age. The 
larvee of C. ¢erritans at this period of its life seems to lie hori- 
zontally at the surface of the water like Azopheles, but virtu- 
ally it is below the surface, generally to the depth of the length 
of its breathing tube. 

Like the larve of A. punctipennis those of C. ferritans, when 
disturbed, will remain on the surface of the water, dart away 
in different directions in short jerky interruptions of move- 


‘ — a 


— 


Oct., ’06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 283 


ment. The larve of C. pipiens when disturbed will immedi- 
ately take a drop downward in the water and often a whole 
gregation will descend in the unison of a single larva upon 
the slightest disturbance. 

In my observation on the first generation of C. ferrifans lar- 
vee I was surprised on morning of the sixth day of the larva 
on seeing apparently no larve in the vessel. They now 
changed their habit of remaining on the surface of the water 
and descended when the vessel was touched, but did not stay 
down as long as other allied species, and on the whole fed 
more at the surface than at the bottom. The wide difference 
psychologically removes C. ¢erritans from the fzpiens group, 
and is an example of physical expression or actions, etc., in 
animal life corresponding with anatomical structure. One of 
the most marked differences is found in the tracheal system. 
In the larvee of the stage above mentioned we find very little 
more in the development. than is present in 4. punctipennis 
larve at the same stage of life. The main tube of the respira- 
tory system does not contain any dilatation and is of uniform 
calibre from its opening at the apex of the air tube to its rami- 
fications in the thorax. ‘The system is constructed so widely 
different from that of C. pipiens in the same stage that they 
may be termed incomparable, but are similar to Anopheles. 
The transformations in the life history of C. ferritans are made 
with more dispatch than in some other forms, whole genera- 
tions will pupate inside of 24 hours, and one of the most inter- 
esting actions is the quick moulting process; when they have 
arrived at that period they may be scared out of their skin 
upon the least provocation. If one of these larve is picked 
up with a pipette it may come out a pupe, so quick is their 
transformation. The life cycle of this species occupies gener- 
ally about 16 days, more or less, according to conditions. 
Breeding is continuous. Winter is probably passed, as adults 
which make their appearance the latter part of May. 


I HAveE had occasion to look into the validity of Thecla edwardsti 
Saunders as a species, which stands in our lists. I have been unable 
to find any good reason to separate it from calanus Hubn. I will be 
pleased to have specimens of what is called edwardsii and gladly cor- 
respond with anyone interested in the subject——HENry SKINNER, 


284 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Oct., ’06 


Some Utah Orthoptera. 
By James A. G, REHN. 


The Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences having received 
a small but very interesting collection of Orthoptera, col- 
lected by one of its expeditions into southwestern Utah, turned 
the material over to the author fot study. The localities repre- 
sented are all in Iron, Beaver and Piute Counties, except a few 
specimens from Salt Lake City, and as the region has been little 
visited the records are of considerable interest and value. A 
new species of the genus Platybothrus, was collected and is 
described herein. 


Acrydium incurvatum (Hancock). 

Beaver Creek Hills, Beaver County. 

These specimens are perfectly typical of this form, which 
has been recorded from Washington, New Mexico and 
Colorado. 


Cordillacris affinis Morse. 

Buckskin Valley, Iron County; Beaver Creek Hills, Beaver 
County. 

One specimen has the longitudinal bar on the caudal femora 
as present in C. occipitalis in addition to the transverse blotches, 


Platybothrus alticola n. sp. 

Type-—é; Beaver Range Mountains, 8,000-10,000 feet, 
Beaver and Piute Counties, Utah. [Brooklyn Inst. Arts and 
Sciences. | 

Differing from P. brunneus (Thomas) in the considerably 
smaller size, the slightly more angulate fastigium, the more 
inflated tegmina and more robust caudal femora. From P. 
sordidus (McNeill) it differs in the tegmina being hardly 
shorter than the tip of the abdomen, in the pronotum being 
divided about in the middle and in the smaller size. 

Size small; form robust. Head with the occiput moderately inflated, 
the vertex gently declivent to the fastigium, which, when viewed 
dorsad, is rectangulate with the margins very slightly concave; foveole 


strongly oblong, nearly three times as long as the greatest width, 
strongly impressed; face slightly retreating, arcuate; frontal costa 


Oct., ’06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 285 


broad, slightly narrowing dorsad, failing to reach the clypeal sulcus by 
a considerable distance, biseriate and irregularly punctate, not sulcate; 
eye but little longer than broad, in length very slightly greater than 
the infra-ocular sulcus; antenne in length somewhat greater than the 
length of the head and pronotum together, depressed, blunt. Pronotum 
slightly longer than the head, carinz distinct, the lateral subparallel to 
the first transverse sulcus, slightly and regularly expanding to the caudal 
margin; cephalic and caudal margins broadly obtuse-angulate, that of the 
caudal margin more marked than of the cephalic, principal trans- 
verse sulcus cutting the median carina about in the middle; lateral © 
lobes regularly but not greatly narrowed ventrad, the ventral width 
contained about once and a half in the depth. Interspace between 
the mesosternal lobes nearly twice as broad as long; interspace between 
the metasternal lobes cuneiform. Tegmina reaching to the tips 
of the cerci, inflated the broad costal field extending practically 
to the apex, which is narrowly rounded and nearer the sutural 
than the costal margin; anal field with its margin gently arcuate. 
Wings considerably shorter than the tegmina. Cephalic and median 
limbs not inflated. Caudal femora slightly longer than the tegmina, the 
greatest width contained about three and a half times in the length; 
caudal tibiz with thirteen spines on the external margin. 

General color ecru drab marked with seal brown. Head with a line 
ventrad of the foveolz, the infra-ocular sulcus and a line behind the 
eyes seal brown, while the dorsal aspect of the head is broccoli brown; 
antennz drab except proximad where the general color is present. 
Pronotum with the maculations on the lateral lobes usually found in 
this genus seal brown, with a general tone of broccoli brown dorsad, 
marked mesad of the lateral lobes with clove brown, which fades toward 
the median carina. Tegmina wood brown with a number of irregularly 
placed faint maculations. Abdomen marked with clove brown as 
usual in the genus. Caudal femur with three oblique fasciz on the 
dorsal half of the lateral face, seal brown in color, a cloud of the same 
color is present at the base of the ventral section of the genicular lobes 
and the genicular arches are clove brown; caudal tibie vermilion, pale 
proximad and distad, spines black in their apical half. 


: MEASUREMENT. 
INT AD GME ie oa ns os os cplee ae uae ace 14.5 mm. 
SME LL OT OMOUINE 95 62s Sn ao odd bld lic dia 3 mm, 
PEE OP. CORUM osc o)5' i's one oo 0 ound emeace 8.5 mm. 
Length of caudal femur |.........00eu 00. fees 9.6 mm. 


A paratypic male has also been examined. 


Stirapleura decussata Scudder. 
South Creek, Beaver County; Beaver Creek Hills, Beaver 
County. 


286 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS, [Oct., ’06 


This species presents a great amount of color variation, 
some individuals being quite dull and unicolor, except for the 
markings on the tegmina and limbs, while others have the head 
and pronotum strikingly marked with dark brown. 


Stirapleura delicatula (Scudder). 
Buckskin Valley, Iron County; Beaver Creek Hills, Beaver 


County. 
These fully agree with a Kansas specimen. 


Aulocara elliotti (Thomas). 
Beaver Creek Hills, Beaver County. 


Arphia canora Rehn. 

Beaver Creek Hills, Beaver County. 

This specimen has the fastigium slightly thicker than in 
typical canora, while the general size is slightly less, but other- 
wise it is inseparable. 


Arphia teporata Scudder. 

Beaver Creek Hills, Beaver County. 

The specimens examined possess red wings and agree fairly 
well with representatives from Otero County, New Mexico. 


Chortophaga viridifasciata (De Geer). 
Buckskin Valley, Iron County. 


Camnula pellucida (Scudder). 
Beaver Canyon and Beaver Valley, Beaver County; Beaver 
Creek Hills, Beaver County. 


Hippiscus corallipes (Haldeman). 

Beaver Creek Hills, Beaver County; South Creek, Beaver 
County. 

Specimens with the disk of the wings both red and greenish- 
yellow have been examined. 


Hippiscus neglectus (Thomas). 

Beaver Creek Hills, Beaver County ; South Creek, Beaver 
County. : 

Considerable variation is noticed in this species, some indi- 
viduals being decidedly blackish, others have the arcuate band 


Oct., °06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 287 


of the wings faint and one has the caudal margin of the 
pronotum distinctly marked with pale buff, which strongly con- 
trasts with the blackish-brown of the pronotum. 


Hippiscus calthulus (Saussure). 

Beaver Creek Hills, Beaver County. 

These specimens (¢ and @) do not wholly agree with 
Saussure’s description, but are no doubt nearer this species 
than H. lateritius (Saussure), which has the internal face of the 
caudal femora unicolor instead of fasciate and the metazona 
transversely plicato-rugose cephalad. The wings in the speci- 
mens examined are red. 


Dissosteira spurcata Saussure. 

Salt Lake City. 

Three males and one female of this species constitute the 
first record outside of California and Oregon. 


Derotmema cupidineum Scudder. 
Beaver Creek Hills, Beaver County. 


Derotmema rileyanum Saussure. 

South Creek, Beaver County. 

A specimen from Salt Lake City is also doubtfully assigned 
to this species. 


Trimerotropis ierruginea McNeill. 
Beaver Creek Hills and Beaver Canyon, Beaver County. 
One specimen of this species is quite hoary, but is otherwise 
inseparable from a normal dull ferruginous male from the same 
iocality. 
Trimerotropis laticincta Saussure. 
Beaver Creek Hills, Beaver County. 
This species has been recorded from Colorado, New Mexico, 
Texas and Nebraska. 
Trimerotropis strenua McNeill. 
Beaver Creek Hills, Beaver County; Salt Lake City. 


Trimerotropis vincinculata Scudder. 
Beaver Creek Hills, Beaver County. 
Trimerotropis cyaneipennis Bruner. 
South Creek, Beaver County. 


288 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Oct., ’06 


Circotettix carlinianus (Thomas). 
Beaver Valley, Beaver County. 


Circotettix suffusus (Scudder). 
Beaver Canyon, Beaver County. 


Circotettix undulatus (Thomas). 
Beaver Creek Hills, Beaver County. 


Heliastus aridus (Bruner). 
Beaver Creek Hills, Beaver County; South Creek, Beaver 
County; St. George, Washington County. 


Schistocerca venusta Scudder. 
Beaver Canyon, Beaver County. 


Melanoplus cinereus Scudder. 

Salt Lake City. 
Melanoplus atlanis (Riley). 

Beaver Creek Hills, Beaver County. 
Melanoplus femur-rubrum (De Geer). 

Beaver Canyon, Beaver County. 
Melanoplus packardii Scudder. 

Salt Lake City; Beaver Creek Hills, Beaver County; Beaver 
Range Mountains, 8,000-10,000 feet. 

The single female from Salt Lake City is considerably tsb 
than the two males from southwestern Utah, and slightly 
larger than the Beaver Range Mountains female. 


Melanoplus bivittatus (Say). 
Beaver Valley. 
Scudderia furcata Brunner. 
Beaver City, Beaver County. 
Anabrus simplex Haldeman. 
Wildcat Valley, Beaver County. 
Steiroxys pallidipalpus (Thomas). 
Beaver Canyon, Beaver County. 


(canthus niveus (De Geer). 
Beaver Creek Hills, Beaver County. 


Oct., ’06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 289 


A New Limacodid. 


By Joun A. GROSSBECK. 


Deine spadicis n. sp. 

6.—Expanse, 22 mm.—Head and thorax bright cinnamon-brown; 
abdomen buff, reddish at the apex of the segments. Primaries light 
cinnamon-brown, the outer half somewhat paler; fringe partially dark 
like basal half. A narrow sinuous white line begins one-third from 
the base a little below cubitus and extends inwardly obliquely to the 
inner margin, but does not cross the fringe. A few white scales forming 
an indistinct broken line on the outer fourth of the wing can also be 
made out; this begins at the costa and extends but a short distance into 
the wing. Secondaries uniformly concolorous with the outer portion of 
the primaries. Beneath both wings are reddish buff, darker on the 
costal area. 


Habitat:—Minnehaha, Ariz., August 26. One specimen in 


good condition from Mr. Hutson. 


Type:—Col. J. A. Grossbeck. . 

This is the only western species of the genus so far known. 
It is a close ally to subdentosa Dyar, but in that species the 
transverse band is upright and sharply angulate. 


Pyrgus centauree Ramb. 

Occasionally, a particular insect is brought to the notice of 
entomologists in “Notes and News,” or otherwise by a record 
of a capture, a new locality, or by an unusually late or early 
appearance, and though some of us have had experiences with 
the same insect we rarely bring out our own observations until 
we see that some one else has begun. Then not infrequently 
a general interest is aroused and the notes resulting form a 
really valuable contribution to our knowledge of the species. 
I saw Dr. Skinner’s note on the above species in the June, 
1905, number of the “News,” and that by Mr. Cook in the 
March, 1906, issue, and I thought perhaps a note of mine might 
not be devoid of interest since it appears that the species is 
usually taken in single examples only or in threes or fours at 
most. I have collected on the Garret Mountain, at Paterson, 
N. J, every spring for the past five years, and find centaureae 
on the wing sparingly about April 25; in the first days of May 
it is fairly abundant and is then in a very fresh condition. I 
have taken a dozen in a walk of a few hours and have seen 


290 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Oct., ’06 


others, when the species was not the special object of my 
search. May 14 is the date of my latest capture, but the speci- 
mens at this time are very worn, for their period of flight is 
short. They are found almost always in open spaces sur- 
rounded by trees, where the sun shines hottest, skipping around 
the bluets (Houstonia caerulea), which often carpet the 
ground in these places. They are very wary and most easily 
lost sight of on account of their manner of flight and their 
sombre color. To go after these insects on a cloudy day would 
be quite useless, for they seem to prefer nooks where scarcely a 
breeze blows, and disappear among the grass even while the 
sun is obscured by a passing cloud. 


Macrosiphum granaria Buckton. 


By C. E. SAnzorn. 


Winged viviparous female. 

Head yellowish green; antenne; first and second segments also base 
of third concolorous, remainder black. Length of segments, 1, 0.13 
mm.; 2, 0.08 mm.; 3, 0.56 mm.: 4, 0.48 mm.; 5, 0.39 mm.; 6, 0.11 mm.; 
7,0.67 mm. Total length 2.49 mm. The sixth segment extends to the 
caudal end of the style. Sensoria circular, seven to ten on the third, 
nearly in a straight row, none on the fourth, the usual distal one on 
the fifth, and a group of seven or eight small ones at the distal end 
of the sixth segment. Eyes dark red, occular tubercles prominent, 
ocelli prominent. Beak, first segment concolorous, second and third 
dark, 0.58 mm. long, extending to the meta-coxe. 

Prothorax yellowish green. Thoracic lobes dark, insertions yel- 
lowish; wings deflexed and normal, veins brownish, stigma smoky gray, 
0.83 mm, long by 0.15 mm. broad. Total wing expansion 7.3 mm. 
Femora yellowish green proximally, and dark distally. Tibia yellowish 
green except distals, which are dark. Tarsi black. 

Abdomen glabrous, yellowish green. Honey tubes cylindrical, black, 
strongly reticulated, 0.41 mm. long, extending a little caudad the base 
of the style. Latter yellowish green, halbert shaped, with a few 
setaceous hairs, 0.33 mm. long. 


This form was found colonizing the leaves and stalks of oats 
June 3, 1904, at College Station, Texas. 

What is apparently the same species was sent from the 
Naturhistorisches Museum zu Hamburg, by Dr. L. Rep, col- 
lected February 10, 1904, on oats, at Boernsen, Germany, 


Oct. , ’06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 291 


On the parasites of Diaspis pentagona. 
By L. O. Howarp, Washington, D. C. 


Diaspis pentagona has long been a resident of the District of 
Columbia, surely since 1892, when it was discovered on the 
grounds of the U. S. Department of Agriculture (Insect Life, 
vi, 287). Its prevalence in Italy upon the mulberry tree ren- 
ders it a very dangerous enemy of the silk industry in that 
country, and Italian entomologists, notably the late Professor 
Targioni Tozzetti and Professor Antonio Berlese, have long 
sought means of eradicating it. In the absence of records of 
parasitism it was not at first thought to be at all feasible to 
utilize its natural enemies. In the summer of 1905, however, 
Professor Berlese urged the writer, in Florence, to send to 
Italy branches of trees infested by the Diaspis from America 
in the hope that parasites might be reared. Curiously enough, 
this scale does not seem to attack mulberry in the United States, 
and on the grounds of the Department of Agriculture there 
existed; until within a short time, a peach tree literally covered 
with the scale, within a hundred yards of mulberry trees which 
did not become infested. In the spring of 1906, during the 
writer’s absence on a second trip to Europe, Mr. Marlatt 
secured a number of branches of lilac from the District of 
Columbia all abundantly infested by the scale, and sent them, 
carefully packed, to Professor Berlese. From these scales were 
bred in Florence three species of parasites: the first, Tetra- 
stichus canadensis Ashmead; the second, Prospalta murtfeldtiu 
Howard, and the third, a new species of Prospalta. On the 
writer’s return to Washington at the end of May other 
branches were taken from the same tree, and rearing experi- 
ments were begun here. More than 200 specimens of the new 
species of Prospalta have been reared, 25 to 50 specimens of 
Ablerus clistocampae Ashmead, and two specimens of Peris- 
sopterus pulchellus Howard. We have, then, four species of 
primary parasites of Diaspis pentagona to place on record, as 
follows: 

(1) Prospalta berlesei n. sp. One specimen reared in Flor- 
ence by Professor Antonio Berlese from scales sent from Wash- 


292 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Oct., ’06 


ington, and more than 200 specimens reared at Washington 
from June 20 to July 5, from scales taken from the same tree. 

(2) Ablerus clisiocampae Ashmead. Originally supposed to 
have been reared from the eggs of Clisiocampa, but, with little 
doubt, in reality reared from some Diaspine scale covered by 
Clisiocampa egg-mass. Subsequently reared from Chionaspis 
furfurus, in the District of Columbia, and from Aspidiotus 
forbesi on pear and apple, from Champaign, IIl., the latter 
rearing by Mr. W. G. Johnson. 

(3) Perissopterus pulchellus Howard. Originally reared 
from a Lecaniodtaspis on linden in the District of Columbia 
in 1879; later from a Lecaniodiaspis from East Atchison, Mo.; 
from Chionaspis pintfoliae from Providence, R. I. and from 
Aspidiotus forbesi on currant at Champaign, IIl., the latter 
rearing having been made by Mr. W. G. Johnson; now reared 
in two specimens from Diaspis pentagona at Washington. 

(4) Prospalta muritfeldtii Howard. Originally reared from 
Aspidiotus uvae by Miss Mary E. Murtfeldt at Kirkwood, Mo., 
in 1888; later from Aspidiotus forbesi on cherry and currant 
by Mr. W. G. Johnson at Champaign, IIl., and now reared by © 
Professor Antonio Berlese from Diaspis pentagona at Florence, 
Italy, received from Washington, D. C. 

(5) There is also one, presumably hyperparasitic, reared by 
Professor Berlese at Florence from Diaspis pentagona received 
from Washington, D. C. This is Tetrastichus canadensis Ash- 
mead. 

It now only remains to describe the new Prospalta, remarking 
upon the strange fact that this presumably American species 
should have first been reared by Professor Berlese in Florence. 


Prospalta berlesei n. sp. 

Female.—Length, 0.73 mm.; expanse, 1.47 mm; greatest width of fore- 
wing, 0.19 mm. Comes close to P. aurantii. Joint one of funicle about 
as long as pedicel, but slightly narrower; joint two rather shorter than 
joint one; joint three longer than joint one, and a little broader; club 
joints subequal in length, and each about as long as joint three of 
funicle; the basal joint very slightly wider than joint three of funicle, 
and the terminal joint tapering from near base to its pointed tip. In 
general effect the flagellum is longer and more filiform than in P. auran- 
tit, Surface of thorax smooth. General color, a bright straw-yellow; 


Oct., ’06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 293 


ocelli coral-red, eyes black; mesoscutellar parapsides black; abdomen 
fuscous, with narrow, light yellow bands between the segments; meta- 
notum fuscous; antennz light yellow-brown; legs yellowish; wings hya- 
line, with a very slight dusky shade on disc; veins yellowish; forewings 


Y 3g 
ae hg 
Q x? 


as with P. aurantii, but proportionately slightly longer and broader; 
disc densely, uniformly covered with very short cilia; marginal cilia 
of both wings as with P. aurantii. — 

Male.—Unknown. 


Described from many specimens reared from Diaspis penta- 
gona, Washington, D. C., June, 1906. . 
Type No. 9942, U. S. National Museum. 


<a> 
or 


_ AppiTionAL Species or Minnesota Driptera.—Since the printing of 
the Tenth Annual Report of the Minnesota Entomologist, in December, 
1905, about 75 additional species of Diptera, captured in.that State, have 
been named, representing the following families: 

Agromyzide, Anthomyide, Bibionide, Cecidomyide, Chiromonide, 
Culicidz, Dolichopodide, Drosophilide, Empide, Ephydridz, Geomy- 
zide, Helomyzide, Leptide, Lonchopteride, Muscidz, Mycetophilide, 
Ortalide, Oscinide, Pipunculide, Psilide, Sapromyzide, Scatophagide, 
Sciomyzidz, Sepside, Simuliide, Syrphide, Tachinide, Trypetidz. 

These species have been listed, and a copy of the list mailed to each 
Station Entomologist and others known to be interested. Any one 
failing to receive a copy, and desiring one, can obtain it by writing to 
Mr. F. L. Washburn, Experiment Station, St. Anthony Park, Minn. 


294 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Oct., ’06 


Glossina palpalis wellmani: a new Tse-Tse Fly 
which disseminates human trypanosomiasis. 


By F. C. WELLMAN. 
Published under the imprimatur of the Amer. Soc. Tropical Medicine. 
(Plate XII) 
INTRODUCTION. 

When in London last year I was asked by the Dipterologist 
of the British Museum, Mr. E. E. Austen, to see if I could 
establish the presence of Tse-tse flies in southern Angola, from 
whence no specimens had up to that time been received. On 
arriving at Benguella I accordingly made a short journey up 
the Katumbela River for this purpose, and succeeded in taking 
a number of specimens of a fly, some of which I sent to Mr. 
Austen for determination. I then supposed from my amateur 
examination of the flies that they were Gl. palpalis Rob.-Des., 
as I knew that this fly is the principal Tse-tse fly of the west 
coast,* although I had received some specimens of what I 
believed to be Gl. morsitans from the interior to the east.t I 
have since received a letter from Mr. Austen, however, con- 
cerning them, in which he writes as follows: “The present 
specimens show that the form of Glossina palpalis found in 
Benguella represents a new subspecies, distinct from the typical 
form. I have therefore named it in your honor—Glossina pal- 
palis wellmani.” Although Mr. Austen’s systematic descrip- 
tion of the fly} is available, yet in view of the probable future 
importance of the animal to medical men practicing in south- 
west Africa, I have thought it worth while to in these columns 
call further attention to this new subspecies. 


Glossina palpalis wellmani Austen (1905), Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist, ser. — 


7, vol. xv, April, 1905, p. 390. 
6, 2.—Frontal stripe pale ochraceous; thoracic markings much re- 
duced, so that the thorax in a well-preserved specimen appears spotted, 
the antero-lateral markings taking the form of spots or blotches; the 


*Vide Austen, A Monograph of the Tse-tse Flies, 1903, p. 75. 

+Vide New York Medical Journal, August 12, 1905, p. 329. This 
collection was accidentally destroyed but I have sent to the same district 
for more. 

tAnnals and Magazine of National History, Ser. 7, Vol. xv, April, 


1905, P. 390. 


5 MA Se ee 


Oct., 06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 295 


spot immediately behind the inner extremity of the humeral callus on 
each side small, ovoid, or nearly circular, and especially conspicuous 
when the insect is viewed from above and slightly from behind; femora 
pale, the dark blotches much reduced. 


A 
& _ 


Glossina wellmant. 


Katumbela River, Angola, W. Africa; November, 1904 (Dr. 
F. C. Wellman). Six specimens (1 8, 5 2). Types in 
British Museum. 

Remarks. In the paper containing his description just 
quoted Mr. Austen says, “The British Museum possess two 
females of G/. palpalis from the Gambia (Dr. J. E. Dutton) 
belonging to a form somewhat similar to wellmani; in the 
Gambian form, however, the ground-color of the abdomen is 
paler and the thorax is less conspicuously spotted.” 


296 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Oct., 06 


HABITAT. 


My specimens were taken in a small district lying along 
both banks of the lower stretches of the Katumbela River, 
which empties into the sea near the port of Benguella, Portu- 
guese West Africa. Mr. Austen writes,* “The above speci- 
mens are of especial interest as being the first recorded ex- 
amples of any form cf Gl. palpalis from Portuguese West 
Africa, and as showing that the range of the species in ques- 
tion, which has recently been stated by Laverant to occur at 
Sengaleam (about thirty miles from Cape Verde), extends 
at least as far south as 12° 30’ S. lat. In all probability Glos- 
sina palpalis wellmani will eventually be proved to exist right 
down to the Cunene River, the southern border of Angola, if 
not further.” Mr. Austen also wrote me suggesting that I 
try to establish the southern limit of the new fly. I have accord- 
ingly kept a sharp lookout for it and have made further in- 
quiries concerning it with the meager result that I have received 
a single badly-damaged specimen of a Tse-tse fly purporting 
to come from the lower Kukema River, a couple of hundred 
miles to the east of the place where I found the subspecies 
under discussion, and a native report to the effect that a “fly 
belt” is. known to exist on the upper Coanza still further inland. 
In view of Mr. Austen’s belief that Gl. palpalis wellmant 
extends to the Cunene River I have visited the upper Cunene 
but failed to find any Tse-tse flies, and now, in accordance with 
his suggestion, written me when the flies were first discovered, 
I hope to, before long, visit the lower river with this object 
in view.{ At least one species of Tse-tse is common in north- 
ern Angola and along the lower Coanza. This may very pos- 
sibly be wellmani. The distribution of the species palpalis 
(with its subspecies and varieties) is now known to extend 
practically from Cape Verde to Damara Land.§ aH 


*Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. loc. cit. 
i “open Rendus des séances de l’ Academie des Sciences, t. cxxxix, 


ak A I i te a ee 


E Mr. Ralstone, of the Benguella Railroad, has recently informed me 
that a Tse-tse fly i is found lower down on the Cunene River. This is 
very probably Gi. palpalis wellmani. 

2 Austen, Reports of the Sleeping Sickness Commission of the Royal 
Society, No. vi, August, 1905, pp. 279-80. 


Oct., 06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 297 


e | NOTE ON BIONOMICS. 

I can offer no extensive contribution to our knowledge of the 
habits of the subspecies. I present here a few special notes 
made at the time of collecting. “Although the district in which 
the flies were taken contains some game, including eland 
(Oreas canna livingstonet), kudu (Strepsiceros kudu), roan 
antelope (Hippotragus equinus), the duyker (Cephalolophus 
grimmi) and Speke’s tragelaph (Limnotragus speket), yet I 
believe that human blood forms the greater part of their food. 
This is undoubtedly true over at least a part of the ‘belt.’ Along 
_the right bank of the lower Katumbela from a place called 
Esupua to a point half a day’s march up the river there lies the 
great Benguella caravan route near which there is little or no 
big game and over which constantly pass great caravans of 
half-naked Bantu rubber, slave and ivory traders. At Esupua 
one may see half a dozen of these large caravans camping in 
one place. It is here that the flies are most plentiful. They 
hide in the tall grass and sedges near the river, also on stones, 
trunks of trees and vines, and among the leaves of the low trees 
on the bank. When a native is sent to the river for water the 
flies rise from their resting places as he passes and follow 
him seeking for an opportunity to bite. On several different 
occasions I followed natives going to the river to fetch water. 
One of these was bitten twice, three were bitten once each, and 
seven were not bitten at all. The Bantus say the bite is pain- 
ful, and I noticed that if a fly settled on a porter’s back the man 
always slapped himself as it began to insert its probosces. 
Some of the specimens I took had abdomens greatly distended 
with blood. The flies do not always remain so close to the river. 
The first one I saw was between three and four hundred yards 
from the river in thin ‘desert’ bush, consisting of Acacia 
reficiens and other thorny shrubs which afford practically no 
shade. I do not believe Gl. palpalis wellmani shares the dislike 
for human ordure which has been ascribed to its congeners. I 
have frequently seen it in and around the filthiest native camps 
at some distance from the river where it had evidently gone for 
the purpose of sucking human blood. I have made no observa- 
tions on the life history. I dissected an incomplete larva out 


298 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Oct., ’06 


of the abdomen of a female. It was, I judge, rather more than 
2.0 mm. long and of a light dirty yellow color. I have sent 
to Esupua to procure if possible some living flies and also some 
in alcohol so as to be able to send Mr. Austen a series of larve. 
The pupa I have not seen.” 


THE NEW FLY AND TRYPANOSOMIASIS. 


I have lately seen three cases of human trypanosomiasis, all 
of whom had been frequently in the “fly belt” at Esupua. 
About 500 blood examinations were made, so that about three 


Fig. 1..—T7r. ? gambiense Dutton. 


out of every 500 natives living in the districts adjacent to the 
Esupua “fly belt” harbor trypanosomes in their blood. The try- 
panosome found seems to be morphologically identical with Tr. 
gambiense Dutton. The shape of the posterior end, the ar- 
rangement of the controsome, nucleus and flagellum, as well 
as the “set” of the organism on the slide, correspond with the 
same points in Tr. gambiense. The protoplasm stains some- 
what irregularly with Romanowsky, taking on a basophilic 
reaction. The centrosome stains a dark purple, and the flagel- 
lum, which stains pink, seems to rise from or near it. The 
nucleus lies near the middle of the body and often occupies more 
than two-thirds the width of the parasite. It is oval in shape 
and stains red like other chromatin material. Following are 
measurements of a stained specimen of the parasite: 


Bengthe 3. bse i ich es) ete Late ae (about) 24 
Greatest width. . .. 5 s:«i0-<si «:>-s iso snisisie ae 3.5 
Distance of centrosome from posterior end..... 2 
Length of free flagellum, ...........0% (about) 9 


Largest diameter of nucleus... :.. 07. ae ee 4 


Oct., ’06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 299 


I have described and figured this parasite in another com- 
munication to which I refer the reader.* While sleeping sick- 
ness does not seem to be endemic as yet in the districts adja- 
cent to the Esupua “fly belt,”+ yet it is endemic in many situa- 
tions in Angola from the north bank of the Coanza River clear 
to the Congo. As the country is being opened up it is inevi- 
table that cases will from time to time be brought from the 
northern sleeping sickness centers to districts in the south, 
since many firms have trading posts and the Government has | 
forts in both districts between which native soldiers and 
laborers are constantly being transferred. More forts are con- 
stantly being planted and trading posts established. The 
Umbundo-speaking Bantus, who number about 200,000, live to 
the east of the belt infested by the fly, and most of the males of 
these tribes are porters and rubber traders and constantly pass 
through the Esupua “fly belt,” through which such occasional 
cases of trypanosomiasis} from Malange, Cazengo, Ambaca, 
Dondo and other points in the sleeping sickness districts north 
of the Coanza, to which I have above referred, are carried by. 
the activities just mentioned. Thus, the flies have and will 
have more and more favorable opportunities to become infected 
and to infect the Umbundos among whom I have recently 
demonstrated the occasional presence of trypanosomiasis. I! 
believe for several reasons that this presence of trypanosomiasis 
among the natives of south Angola is a recent development. 
Some of these reasons are: 

(1) Two years ago I examined a series of nearly 400 of 
these natives with a negative result. 

(2) Recently about 500 examined by me revealed three 
infected individuals in practically the same district. 

(3) No cases of sleeping sickness originating in the dis- 
trict have yet been seen. | 


*Interim Report on Trypanosomiasis in Portuguese Southwest Africa. 
{Vide Wellman, Notes from Angola (Note X, Jour. Trop. Med., 
November 15, 1905, p. 327.. 
tAs sleeping sickness cases are occasionally transported, those in 
the earlier stages of trypanosomiasis are undoubtedly also brought south. 
{Vide Jour. Trop. Med., February 15, 1904, p. 53. 


300 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Oct., ’06 


(4) Sleeping sickness is reported to be spreading southward 
through Angola. 

In view of the considerations brought forward under this 
head, we need not be surprised (if we remember the history 
of the spread of scourges of Uganda and the Congo) if Gi. 
palpalis wellmani play in the near future a leading réle in West 
African Medical History. 


RELATION OF GL. PALPALIS WELLMANI TO OTHER TSE-TSE 
FLIES. 


The Tse-flies are known from other members of the same 
family by the palpi forming a complete sheath for the proboscis, 
by the peculiar antenne with 
branched hairs on the upper surface 
only of the arista, by the character- 
istic wing venation, by the wings 
closing over one another like scis- 
sors, by the grooved wing mem- 
brane and by the peculiar hypopy- 
gium of the ¢. Following are brief Fig, 2.—Proboscls ald pail aaa 
notes on the known species with an oo welled Sepia 
some special remarks on the par- 
ticular species to which belongs the fly we have been discussing. 


Genus GLOSSINA Wiedemann. 

(1) Glossina tachinoides Westwood.—Described in 1850. 
Carries Trypanosoma brucei of nagana, the Tse-tse fly disease 
of game and domestic animals in Africa. Hind tarsi dark; 
abdomen buff with dark transverse bands, oblong pale area in 
center of second segment. Small species. Length 8 mm. 

(2) Gl. palpalis, Robineau-Desvoidy.—Described in 1830. 
Carries Tr. gambiense, the parasite of human trypanosomiasis, 
which is considered to be the chief factor in sleeping sickness, 
and also Tr. brucet. Abdomen brown with triangular pale 
area in center of second segment. Darker than preceding and 
a larger species. Third joint of antenne dark. Length 8-9 mm. 

It is a variable species and under it falls the di scngps above 
considered : 


Ent. News, Vou. XVII. FE ELL. 


FIG. 1. HAEMATOPOTA. FIG. 2. GLOSSINA. FIG. 3. STOMOXYS. 
FIG. 4. RIGHT ANTENNA GL. WELLMANI. FIG. 5. WING OF GL. WELLMANI. 


FIRST THREE FIGURES SHOW RESTING POSITION OF SOME BLOOD™SUCKING FLIES. 


a 


Oct., 06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 301 


Gl. palpalis wellmani Austen—Described in 1905. Differs 
from type by having the frontal stripe pale ochraceous ; thoracic 
markings much reduced, presenting a spotted appearance; spot 
behind humeral callus small, avoid or nearly circular; femora 
pale, the dark blotches much reduced. 

There is also an unnamed variety which was at first desig- 
nated Gl. palpalis var. tachinoides Westw., and was thought to 
represent a fly which, when true specimens were obtained, was 
recognized by Mr. Austen to be of specific rank (GI. tachinoides 
Westw. [vide supra]), the variation from Gl. palpalis remain- 
ing unnamed at last accounts received here, and I therefore set 
it down for the purposes of this paper as 

Gl. palpalis var. a.—It is distinguished from Gl. palpalis 
principally by its pale femora and a yellow median stripe on 
the abdomen.* There is also another variation from the typical 
Gl. palpalis which may be differentiated as follows: 

Gl. palpalis var. b.—Femora still paler than foregoing ; palpi 
pale except at tips; abdomen reddish brown with the pale area 
on second segment oblong.+ 

(3) Gl. pallicera Bigot—Described in 1891. Color brown 
to mouse grey. Resembles Gl. palpalis except that third joint 
of antenne is pale (orange buff). Length.8 mm. 

(4) Gl. pallidipes Austen.—Described in 1903. Carries Tr. 
brucei. Mouse brown with longitudinal markings. Front and 
middle tarsi generally tipped with pale brown or yellow. 
Large species. Length about 11 mm. 

(5) Gl. longipalpts Wiedemann.—Described in 1830. Dif- 
fers from preceding in having black tips to last two joints of 
front and mid tarsi. Thorax olive grey; head broad; hypopy- 
gium in ¢@ smaller, darker and more hairy than in foregoing 
species. Length 9-11 mm. 

(6) Gl. morsitans Westwood.—Described in 1850. Carries 
Tr. brucet. Smaller and head narrower; hypopygium of ¢ also — 
larger and paler than in foreging. Thorax pale in front with 
brownish longitudinal markings. Eyes in both ¢ and @ con- 
verge towards vertex. Tips of last two joints of tarsi dark, 
Resembles Gl. pallidipes. Length 7-9 mm. 


 * Brit, Med. Jour., loc. cit, 
tIbid, 


302) ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Oct., ’06 


(7) Gl. longipennis Corti.—Described in 1895. Carries Tr. 
brucei and probably another trypanosome of camels and mules, 
Brownish; dorsum of thorax with four sharp, dark oval spots 
in form of parallelogram, two in front and two behind trans- 
verse suture. Bulb of proboscis brown at tip. Large species. 
Length 10-11 mm. 

(8) Gl. fusca Walker.—Described in 1849. Thorax drab. 
No spots on dorsum of thorax as in preceding; bulb at base of 
proboscis not brown at tip (pale yellow); abdomen russet 
brown. Large pale species. Length 11-12 mm. 

In conclusion, I wish to thank Mr. Austen, the well-known 
authority on Tse-tse flies, who kindly examined and described 
my collections and suggested to me the study of the distribution 
and pathological importance of the subspecies discussed in this 


paper. 


<> 
—_ 


New species of Vespoidea from Connecticut. 


“By H. L. Vierecx. 
Tiphia waldonii n. sp. 


Related to floridana, from which it is readily distiagutaiee 
by its structure and the color of the wings. 


do 8 mm.—Color black. Face shining in part, largely opaque, and 
mostly closely punctured, the punctures adjoining and sufficiently coarse 
to give a rugulose appearance. The portion of the face immediately 
anterior to the anterior ocellus is shining and has well separated punc- 
tures. The vertex. is sculptured in the same way as the preceding area. 
The distance between the posterior ocelli is not quite as great as that 
between them and the nearest eye margin. The second joint of the 
antennz nearly as thick as the third and of the same length or a trifle 
shorter. Excepting the first joint, the joints of the antenne are sub- 
equal. Pronotum distinctly margined anteriorly. The pronotum, meso- 
notum and scutellum punctured in much the same way as the vertex. 
The postscutellum reticulate. The metanotum with two oblong areas, 
that are adjoining and approximately three times as long as wide at 
base, being a little narrower at the apex than at the base. These areas 
are formed by rather distinct raised lines, and the spaces themselves 
are somewhat shining and somewhat roughened. The first abdominal 
segment approximately as in foridana. The median tuberculate im- 
punctate at apex of first dorsal abdominal segment extending to the 
apical margin. The succeeding abdominal segments all punctured, the 
apical more closely than the basal segments. The wings are hyaline, 


ee 


Oct., 06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 303 


cloudy shade. The stigma very dark brown, the nervure brownish 
testaceous. The third abscissa of the radius with the second transverse 
culbitus forming an obtuse angle. The tuberculate process on the first 
abdominal segment is apparently not normal, as in the paratype it is 
absent. 


Type locality— New Haven, Conn. 

One male collected by B. H. Waldon, August 16, 1904. 
Paratype male from North Haven, Conn., by the same col- 
lector, August 3, 1905. 


Tiphia brunneicornis n. sp. 

In many respects this answers the unsatisfactorily brief 
description of tarda (say). From the same, however, it dif- 
fers in having the stigma brown instead of black. Color black, 
face mostly shining, with close and with greater part almost 
adjoining punctures. 


do 7 mm.—The vertex polished and with the punctures quite separate. 
The distance between the posterior ocelli approximately a little greater 
than that between them and the nearest eye margin. The relation 
between the antennz joints practically as in waldonit. The pronotum, 
mesonotum and scutellum bearing the same relation to the vertex as in 
the preceding species. The postscutellum closely punctured, having a 
rugulose appearance. The enclosure on the metanotum in the form of a 
trapezium, forming but a single area, with the basal and apical sides 
parallel, the apical side being a little shorter than the basal side. The 
area shining and finely roughened. The wings practically as in 
waldonii, but the etoid abscissa of the radius forming with the second 
transverse cubitus a reversed figure “3.” Abdomen polished with the 
first and second segments sparsely, finely punctured, the punctures on 
each succeeding segment becoming closer and more distinct. The first 
abdominal segment with a median transverse groove as in waldont. 


Type localtty—New Haven, Conn. 
One male collected by H. L. Viereck, July 6, 1904. 


Tiphia eyregia n. sp. 

¢ 6 mm.—Head and thorax approximately as in the preceding species. 
Wings as in waldoni. Abdomen as in brunneicornis, but there is no 
transverse median groove on the first abdominal segment. The mandibles 
almost entirely blackish. The antennz brownish beneath, and the tarsi 
brownish. The area of the metanotum partially bisected by a median 
raised line. Inclosure is nearly smooth, being finely roughened. 


Type locality—New Haven, Conn. 


304 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Oct., ’06 


One male collected August 3, 1905, by H. L.. Viereck. Para- 
type male, collected at West Rock, New Haven, Conn., August 
13, 1905, by the same collector. 


Tiphia relativa n. sp. 

In structure and sculpture approximately like the preceding species. 
The antennz entirely black and the tarsi more blackish than -brownish. 
The inclosure is rather coarsely rugulose with no trace of a bisecting 
line. In the paratype the inclosure is more or less completely bisected. 
The typical form has the wings colorless, excepting the nervures and the 
stigma. Four of the paratypes belong to a variety with brownish wings. 


Type locality—North Haven, August 3, 1905 (B. H. W.). 
The var. from E. Hartford, August 2, and Scotland. 


Odynerus (Ancistrocerus) waldonii n. sp. 


Closely related to birenimaculatus, but with ornaments white 
as in albophaleratus. 


? 13 mm.—In most respects like birenimaculatus. The metathorax, 
however, different in that the ridges bordering the posterior aspect are 
not very transient and lacking two sharp teeth at the summit. The 
maculation differs as has already been pointed out. In addition to the 
difference in color, there is a difference in extent and pattern. For 
example, the scape, postscutellum and metathorax are immaculate, 
excepting four small dots on the postscutellum. The second dorsal 
abdominal segment is immaculate, except the apical margin. The 
clypeus has two brown dots, one a short distance on either side of the 
center or near the center. There is a median longitudinal brown line on 
the posterior fourth of the clypeus, extending to the superior margin of 
the clypeus. On the anterior third of the clypeus, extending to the 
anterior margin, there is a brown funnel-shaped mark, terminating in a 
brown line. There are no two lateral oblique spots on the first abdo- 
minal segment. The coxz are immaculate, as are the femora, except a 
yellow spot at apex of the anterior femora, and more or less brownish 
at anterior aspect of the anterior femora, and a narrow brownish margin 
at apex of middle and posterior femora. The tibiz on the anterior 
aspect and outer aspect mostly yellow, brown posteriorily and at apex. 
Tarsi entirely brown. 


Type locality—New Haven, Conn. 
One female taken May 15, 1903, by B. H. Waldon. 


Anoplius humilis Cress. 


Previously known only in the @ sex. The 4 differs from 
the @ in the usual way and in having nearly all of the basal 
half of the posterior aspect of the posterior tibize and the dorsal 
apical abdominal segments whitish. 

One ¢, New Haven, June 9, 1905 (B. H. Waldon). 


Oct., 06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 305 


Notes on some Tortricid genera. 
By Aucust Busck. 


In his Handbook British Lepidoptera (1895) Meyrick in- 
cludes Clemens’ genus E-rartema in the European fauna on the 
mistaken supposition that it is equivalent to Lederer’s idea of 
Eccopsis Zeller, and continental authors (Rebei & Baron de 
Crombrugghe de Picquendaele) have adopted this synonomy. 

Meyrick defines Clemens’ genus correctly, though not ex- 
haustively, but the single European species included, lati- 
fasctana Haworth, does not answer to this description, having 
veins 3 and 4 in the hind wings distinctly separate, not con- 
nate or short-stalked as in the type and in the other American 
species of the genus. Moreover, the hind wings in latifasciana 
are narrower than the forewings instead of broader, as in 
Clemens’ genus, and the form of the hind wings is quite dif- 
ferent, termen being very oblique and nearly straight, while 
in the American forms it is less oblique, sinuate below apex and 
bulging out at veins 3, 4 and 5; and the dorsal edge is evenly 
rounded in /atifasciana, not sharply incised at vein as is char- 
acteristic of the genus Evxartema. 

There is, however, another European species, which is in 
every respect identical in structure with Exartema, namely 
Hartigiana Ratzeburg, and Lederer’s genus Cymolomia pre- 
cedes and must therefore supplant Clemens’ genus. 

No existing generic name seems applicable to the genus with 
latifasciana as type and it may be known as Loxoterma, which 
name thus stands for Eccopsis Lederer (non Zeller), and 
Exartema Meyrick (non Clemens). 


a—~> 


A new species of Eulophidae. 
By A. ARSENE GIRAULT. 


Eulophus guttiventris sp. nov. 

Male.—Length, 1.45-1.58 mm.; 1.54 mm., average.—Body brilliant 
metallic green, with the following exceptions; legs pale straw-yellow, 
excepting portions, or most of all of the coxa, and the dusky apical 
tarsal joints; antenne uniformly dusky, excepting the fulvous pedicel, 


306 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Oct., ’06 


and the metallic-blue scape; mandibles fuscous; venation concolorous 
with the legs; ventral surface of the petiole pale; wings clear, irride- 
scent; eyes garnet-red; a large portion of the ventum of the basal half 
of abdomen, pale, forming a whitish area; face metallic-blue; tibize of 
the posterior legs more dusky. Head rounded, at least three times wider 
than long (dorsal aspect), the whole of the face concaved and mar- 


ginate, shagreened with sparse whitish hairs; eyes large, subreniform,. 


with minute hairs. Head wider than thorax. Thorax longer than head 
and abdomen combined, shagreened, pilose; mesothorax with a deep 
femoral furrow; on each side, just caudad of the insertion of the 
posterior wings, a conspicuous tuft of stiff hairs. Portions of the pleure 


and the metathorax glabrous. Abdomen ovate, broadest at caudal — 


fourth, pilose, the color somewhat variable in intensity. Segment two 
longest, twice longer than 3; 3 and 4 equal; 5, 6 and 7 equal, one-third 
smaller than 3; the remaining segments abruptly narrowed, the anal 
segment acute. Submarginal vein slightly longer than the marginal; 
postmarginal vein more than one-half as long as the marginal; stigmal 
vein distinct. Wings normal. Antenne 9-jointed, hispid, 3-branched, a 
branch arising from the side of the base of each of the three proximal 
funicle joints, the proximal branch the longest; ring-joints absent; 
ramifications of the antenne more hispid. Scape nearly club-shaped, 
thickest at its middle, nearly as long as the next three joints com- 
bined; pedicel globate, about one-half the length, or more, of the first 
funicle joint. Joint 1 of funicle cylindrical, about one-third the 
length of the scape and slightly over half the length of the following 
joint, its ramification more slender, and at least six times its own 
length; joint 2, the same, nearly twice the length of joint 1, inter- 
mediate in length between 1 and 3, its ramification slenderer than itself, 
and at least three times longer; funicle joint 3 twice the length of joint 
1, slenderer, its ramification about equal to it in width, and at least twice 
its own length. Funicle joints 4 and 5 slender, equal in width to the 
ramification of the second funicle joint, about equal in length, both 
slightly shorter than the scape, and one-third longer than joint 3. Club 
abruptly thicker, about equal in length to joint 3 of the funicle, com- 
posed of two closely united and unequal joints. 


From three specimens. 


Female.—Length, 2.2 mm., average—The same; larger. Color of 
the ventum of the abdomen more uniform, the large whitish spot more 
or less indistinct; the thorax and scutellum more strongly shagreened, 
in fact punctate, the reticulations forming pentagons. Abdomen ovate, 
wider, broadest at the middle, or at the third segment; second abdo- 
minal segment much the longest. Scape of antenne pale, the remaining 
joints dusky. Antenne 9-jointed, including a single ring-joint, cylindri- 
cal, pilose. Scape long and cylindrical, longer than the first funicle 


toe 
ee ee ee Ne SOs Ba ee 


Oct, ’06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 307 


joint, but much shorter than the pedicel, ring-joint and first funicle 
joints combined; pedicel cuneate, about the shortest joint, about one- 
‘third the length of the first funicle joint; joint 1 of funicle the longest 
joint of the flagellum, nearly as long as the scape, and twice the length 
of joint 3 of funicle; funicle joint 2 over one-half the length of joint I 
of funicle, and one-half longer than the following joint; funicle joint 
3 shorter, oval, slightly longer than the two distal joints of the antenne; 
club 3-jointed, not very distinct from the funicle, its basal joint widely 
separated and -truncate~cephalad and with somewhat pointed lateral 
angles; its two distal joints closely united, unequal in size; joint 1 of 
club slightly shorter than joint 3 of funicle, joint 2 of club slightly 
shorter than joint 1 of club, ovate; the final joint small, about equal 
to the pedicel. 

From two specimens. 

Described from three males and two females reared from the 
larve of Tischeria malifoliella Clemens, Washington, D. C., 
June 14-20, August 5 and 22 (Quaintance), and October 30, 
1905, and Newark, Delaware, August 22, 1905 (C. P. Close), 
on apple foliage, in connection with the Deciduous-fruit Insect 
Investigations, Bureau of Entomology, U. S. Department of 
Agriculture. 

Type:—No. 9640, United States National Museum, 13,29. 

This species was pronounced new by Dr. William H. Ash- 
mead, United States National Museum, Washington, D: C., 
to whom the writer acknowledges his indebtedness. 


40> 
—~<er 


Tue editor of the News went to southeastern Idaho, in the sage 
brush desert, during July, with the intention of doing some collecting 
there and in the Yellowstone Park, but had the misfortune to be taken 
sick in the sage brush desert, the heat in the west being unusually great 
during the past summer. Whether the illness was due to the local con- 
ditions or to the physical condition of the individual he does not care to 
_ discuss, but he can’t help thinking of the following: 

Going west on the Union Pacific, through the southern portion of 
Wyoming, the view is one of continuous sand and sage brush, a veritable 
desert. It is told that Mark Twain was going through, one time, and 
in the dining car his eye spied “Sage chicken” on the bill of fare. He 
called the waiter and asked what that was. 

“Tt’s chicken, sah, raised right through here, sah,” 

“Can they fly?” asked the humorist. 
~ “Yes, sah, they can fly, sah.” 

“Well, then, I don’t want any. Anything that can fly and stays in this 
country long enough to be killed can’t be much good. None for me.” 


ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 


[The Conductors of ENTOMOLOGICAL News solicit and will thankfully receive items 
of news likely to interest its readers from any source. The author’s name will be given 
in each case, for the information of cataloguers and bibliographers.] 


To Contributors.—All contributions will be considered and passed upon at our 
earliest convenience, and, as far as may be, will be published according to date of recep- 
tion. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEws has reached a circulation, both in numbers and circumfer- 
ence, as to make it necessary to put “‘ copy ” into the hands of the printer, for each num- 
ber, three weeks before date of issue. This should be remembered in sending special or 
important matter for a certain issue. Twenty-five ‘‘ extras,” without change in form, 
will be given free, when they are wanted ; and this should be so stated on the MS., along 
with the number desired. The receipt of all papers will be acknowledged.—Eb. 


a 


PHILADELPHIA, PA., OCTOBER, 1906. 


The editorial department of the News has its trials and tribu- 
lations as well as its joys, and it may do some good to tell our 
readers of both. We are in danger of ruining our bank bal- 
ance trying to accommodate the people who wish to get in the 
next number, and in endeavoring to please them this issue con- 
tains forty pages. Much of the manuscript we receive is type- 
written, but some received is a disgrace to the authors, neces- 
sitating the looking up of scientific names in the literature, 
which can only be guessed at from the writing. We don’t know 
all the names of insects and plants, and don’t wish to, but some 
authors appear to overestimate our knowledge. Then, some 
names are proposed for the first time. Of course, the author 
knows what they are, but others can only guess. One of our 
joys is the fact that we get many letters in praise of the NEws, 
and if it did not please, it could not have the phenomenal and 
steady growth which is continuously maintained. We regret 
to say that some subscribers fail to appreciate it a dollar’s 
worth, and we have decided in future to make prepayment 
compulsory. 


tite 
_ 


Mr. G. W. Kirka.py, in the September, 1906, number of THe ENnTo- 
MOLOGIST, gives a list of papers of special interest to the British ento- 
mologists (1905-06); he says, “There are many papers published in 
America of great value to British workers, although dealing exclusively 
with American forms.” Of fourteen titles, five were published in 
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEws. 

308 


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Octt., ’06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 309 


Notes and News. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL GLEANINGS FROM ALL QUARTERS 
OF THE GLOBE. 


Dr. Joun B. Situ is spending the summer in Europe. We hope 
he may return greatly benefited. 


E. C. Corron has been appointed Assistant Entomologist at the 
Tennessee Agricultural Experiment Station. 


Dr. Pump P. Catvert has been in the western United States and 
Mexico, and will attend the International Geological Congress in the 
City of Mexico. 


Orno C. Potine and Karl Mueschen of Quincy, IIl., have been on a 
collecting trip in the southwest. We learn from a newspaper account 
that they did some work near Silver City and Deming in New Mexico, 
and at the latter place took a specimen of Sphinx elsa. We will be 
glad to hear more in regard to what they did. 


Pror. F. H. Snow, of the University of Kansas, has returned from a 
collecting trip to the Baboquivari Mountains in southern Arizona. He 
brought back a large collection of insects, including Amblychila baroni. 
_ Prof. Snow has made many trips to the southwest on collecting expedi- 
tions and has turned up many new and rare species in the past twenty- 
five years. 


“It 1s probable that we are aware of more imperfections in the sys- 
tem than Dr. Skinner is, owing to his lack of critical study of genera.” 
(Dr. Dyar on his classification of the Hesperidz.) 

The gods forbid that Dr. Dyar publish any more of the imperfec- 
tions he knows, as the thing is wretched enough as it stands—HENRY 
SKINNER. 


EXPLANATION of Terms Used in Entomology. This very important 
work, published by the Brooklyn Entomological Society, and prepared 
by Dr. J. B. Smith, is now on sale. It is a publication that was badly 
needed and the author and the Brooklyn Society are to be compli- 
mented on its completion. We do not see how any working entomolo- 
gist can possibly get along without a copy. 


ENToMoLocicAL News has never been published during July and 
August, and it is so stated on the second cover page. This is a time 
of year when nearly everyone is devoting some time to collecting, and 
most persons take their vacation, so the journal is not as much needed 
dyring the two months mentioned. Moreover, the editors require a 
rest from their laborious duties and prefer to take it during the hottest 
summer weather.—Eps, 


310 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Oct., ’06 


Tue September issue of the NEws contains an article by Mr. T. D. A. 
Cockerell on preoccupied generic names of Coleoptera. No. 8 of this 
article reads: “Polystoma Steph., 1835 (not Led., 1800); Emplenota 
Casey, 1884, is available.” 

I have no means to verify whether Lederstroem’s (I believe) 
Polystoma in Vermes is still a valid generic name; if so, Polystoma 
Steph. must fall, and Casey’s Emplenota takes its place. Polystoma 
Steph., however, has been lately universally assigned only a subgeneric 
rank of Aleochara. On page 244 of the same article the parallel between 
Coenonycha Horn, 1876, not Coenonica Kraats, 1857, is not a good 
illustration of the subject in discussion, as Coenonycha is derived from 
the Greek roinos (common) and onyx (nail), whereas Coenonica is 
composed of the words roinos and oikos (house).—A. FENYEs. 


TACHYRIS ILAIRE IN WEST ViRGINIA.—On June 12, 1906, while walk- 
ing through a grassy orchard at French Creek, West Virginia, a large 
white butterfly of unfamiliar appearance flew leisurely toward me and 
alighted upon a’red clover blossom. Calling to my little son, who was 
chasing fritillaries near by, I took his net and caught the stranger. An 
examination of the butterfly showed it to be a very well preserved male 
of Tachyris ilaire. The specimen is marked like those from Florida 
described by Dr. Henry Skinner in Ent. News, May to, 1894, and for 


which he proposed the varietal name neumoegeniit. The wings above - 


are white, without the dark tips seen in the examples from Central 
America. Beneath, the primaries show at the base distinct markings 
of orange, and the secondaries are pale lemon-yellow. 

This butterfly was taken within fifty yards of the spot where on 
October 15th, 1905, I caught a Vannessa j-album as it fluttered about 
beneath the clap-board roof of an old wagon-shed. So far as my 
knowledge extends, these are the only specimens of the two species that 
have been collected in West Virginia, and they probably represent two of 
the most extreme southern and northern forms which visit this locality.— 
Frep E. Brooks. 


Pror. H. A. Surrace, Economic Zoologist of Pennsylvania, states 
that his present scientific assistants are A. F. Satterthwaith, Clerk; 
N. G. Miller, Assistant, with the degree of Master of Sciences from 
the Pennsylvania State College,; L. R. White, Bachelor of Sciences, 
Pennsylvania State College; T. C. LeFevre, Bachelor of Science, Penn- 
sylvania State College; D. K. McMillan, Bachelor of Science, Dickinson 
College; Chas. F. Noll, Bachelor of Science in Agriculture, Pennsyl- 
vania State College; W. H. Wolff, Bachelor of Science in Agriculture, 
Pennsylvania State College; P. H. Hertzog, Bachelor of Pedagogy; 
F, Z. Hartzell, Bachelor of Science in Biology, Lafayette College, and 
W. R. McConnell, Bachelor of Sciences in Biology, Pennsylvania State 
College. Some of these men are in the field as inspectors and others 


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: x 
eee, Sa ee eS 


IO TS ee ee eee Pe See 


Oct., ’06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 311 


are assisting in the office. There are other assistants besides those 


who are college graduates, but who are doing most excellent work 
in a line that is greatly needed in this State at the present time. 


The entomologists to the Board of Agriculture of the State are Frank- 


lin Menges, York County, and D. J. Waller, Indiana County. 


TAuGHT BY AN INseEct.—Brunel, the famous engineer, was indebted 
to an insect for a great and useful invention. He was in a shipyard one 
day watching the movements of an insect known in English as the 
naval woodworm, when a brilliant thought suddenly occurred to him. 
He saw that this creature bored its way into a large piece of wood upon 
which it was operating by means of a very extraordinary mechanical 
apparatus. 

Looking at the animal attentively through a microscope, he found 
that it was covered in front with a pair of valvular shells; that with its 
foot as a purchase it communicated rotary motion and a forward 
impulse to the valves, which, acting upon the wood like a gimlet, pene- 
trated its substance, and that as the particles of wood loosened they 
passed through a fissure in the feet and thence through the body of the 
borer to its mouth, where they were soon expelled. 

“Here,” said Brunel to himself, “is the sort of thing I want. Can I 
reproduce it in an artificial form?’ He forthwith set to work, and the 
final result of his labors, after many failures, was the famous boring 
shield with which the Thames tunnel was excavated.—News paper. 


aati 
_— 


Doings of Societies. 


The postponed meeting of the Feldman Collecting Social of 
June 20, 1906, was held on the evening of June 27, 1906, 
at the residence of Mr. H. W. Wenzel, 1523 S. 13th Street, 
Philadelphia. The meeting was called to order at 9.10 P. M., 
President Daecke presiding. Eight members were present. 

Mr. Harbeck called attention to an omission in the com- 
munication of Mr. Daecke of last meeting, regarding the raising 
of Balininus larve. From ten chestnuts twenty-five larvae had 
emerged, which were found this spring, dead and dried up in 
the hatching jars. 

Mr. Seiss spoke of some egg masses of Tenodera sinensis 
he had received from Mr. Laurent, October 5. He had first 
observed the young on May 18, 1906, when batch one was 
hatched, batch two was found May 20, while three was ob- 
served May 24. He stated that when first hatched, they were 


312 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Oct., ’06 


of a pale cream color, but changed to a light brown after a few 
hours exposure in the sun. Later they entirely disappeared 
from view. 

Mr. Schmitz, who had also received egg masses of the same 
species from Mr, Laurent on the same date, reported having 
first noticed the young on June 9, 1906, stating they ranged 
from about 5% inch to 1% inches in length, the smaller ones 
being of a light chocolate hue, while the largest were a pale 
green, they seemed to be thriving, as they were observed at 
different times catching their food; from 15 to 20 specimens 
were seen scattered about. 

Dr. Castle spoke of his trip with Mr. Daecke, May 27, 1906, 
to Forked River Mountains, N. J. They camped on the summit 
the first night; he stated that the hill is composed of sandstone, 
covered with gravel and large pebbles. The vegetation consists 
of pine, oak and the average vegetation usually found in pine 
barrens, 

Mr. Harbeck stated that Dr. M. Swenk, of Nebraska Uni- 
versity, had determined a lot of Colletes for him, and said that 
among them was a new species taken at Clementon, N. J. 

Mr. Daecke mentioned some of the material collected on his 
trip with Dr. Castle on May 27, 1906, among which Chrysops 
excitans appeared, this species being new to the State; the same 
species was taken by Mr. H. W. Wenzel one week later at 
the same place. Continuing, the speaker said he had received 
Chryops sordidus from Mr. Weidt, collected in the Orange 
Mountains last May, this species also being new to the State. 
Mr. Daecke further reported Tephritis platyptera from Mer- 
chantville, N. J., May 26, 1906, and Castle Rock, Pa., June 
3, 1900. 

Mr. H. W. Wenzel spoke of his recent trip to North Moun- 
tain, Pa., June 16, 1906, which is situated in the Allegheny 
Mountains. The speaker said where formerly the spruce was 
found, the lumbermen have completely denuded the moun- 
tains, not one spruce being left to tell the tale of the destruc- 
tion of this virgin forest. The speaker exhibited some (about 
eighty) species of Coleoptera taken on this trip, a number of 
the species belonging to the Canadian fauna. - 


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te fed 8 a Ae 


Ews, VoL. XVII. Pl. X]V. 


Co al 


wot 


PRIOPHORUS ACERICAULIS MacGILLIVRAY. 


~ ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGIC AL SECTION 


ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA. 


wOL. © VII. NOVEMBER, 1906. No. 9. 
CONTENTS: 
Britton—The Maple Leaf-Stem Borer Bergroth—A new genus of Lygaeidae 
SITE aa calecks vaven aces sees 313 POM Tapani Fests tele Sea eaet 335 
Osborn—The species of Cicada related Banks—Two new Termites..........4- 336 
RG sy uc csds oc dscee ses 321 | Moore—Notes on habits of Cicindela.. 338 
Slosson—Additional list of insects taken Grabham—A new Corethrella from Ja- 
in alpine region of Mt.Washington 323 MBC ies Os idigicN bone eee ee eka wp kamen 343 
Sanderson—Texas Notes—Il.......... way | WiC gag ccckkox sed camacn aekvaadees 346 
Knaus—Coleoptera of the Sacramento Notes atid News 0.0.0 isceneseeuwuideuss 347 
~ (Mts. of New Mexico—Ill.......... 329 | On the formation of an Batomdlagies 
Rehn—A new species of Proscopid Society of America.........0+se00s 352 
' (Acrididz) from the Amazon Re- ; 
OS a ORS OS eae ee eee 332 


: The Maple Leaf-Stem Borer or Sawily. 


Priophorus acericaulis MacGillivray. 
A NEW ENEMY OF THE SUGAR MAPLE. 
(Plate XIV) . 


By W. E. Britron. 
- History 1N CONNECTICUT. 


For the past seven years sugar maples in certain localities in 
Connecticut have been attacked by some insect which tunnels 
in the leaf stem or petiole during the month of May. The mat- 
ter was first brought to my attention June 3d, 1899, by the fol- 
lowing letter from Mr. W. S. White, of Danbury: “I enclose 
some leaf stems from a sugar maple in my front yard. In these 
stems is a small worm which, when matured, is about one-half 
inch long....At first, about four or five years ago, they were 
confined to one tree; now they have gone to all the surrounding 
maples. They seem now to be confined to this one locality. 
People about here are considerably disturbed about it, as it 
seems now like a serious matter. I can hear of nothing like it 
from any other quarter. Destroying the foliage at this time of 
the year, will it sooner or later kill the trees, and is there any 
way of destroying the worm or insect? Is it found in other 


313 


314 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Nov., ’06 


sections, and what is its name? Something should be done, and 


done quickly.” 
The specimens received consisted of injured stems, the in- 


sects. not being present. Not being familiar with this form of 
injury to the maple, the literature of economic entomology 
was searched without finding descriptions of the damage or the 
insect causing it. This was stated in replying to Mr. White’s 
letter, and he was requested to send more material, and if pos- 
sible to send stems containing living larvee, so that we might 
rear the adults. Under date of June 13th Mr. White wrote as 
follows: 

“At your request I send you more stems and worms in a box 
containing soil in which they have buried themselves. They 
are now falling from the trees, and they soon disappear in the 
ground, where I have reason to believe they remain in a chry- 
salis state until another spring, when they comme up to do their 
destructive work, by laying their eggs in the stem of the young 
and tender leaf... .If these pests increase as they have done for 
two or three years past, the early foliage will be destroyed, and 
I am afraid the trees likewise. It certainly is a new thing in 
these parts. Perhaps nothing can be done until the habits of 
the insect are determined.” 

The material contained one living larve in a stem, others in 
the stem having been crushed. In the soil there were thirty 
larve, only five of which were alive. The soil was a trifle too 
wet, and they had died in transit. The others soon died. 

No observations were made in 1900, but early in June, 1901, 
I noticed that maple trees along the east side of Whitney Ave- 
nue, New Haven, between Sachem and Humphrey Streets, 
were attacked by this insect. I made several trips to these 
trees, and gathered fallen leaves and stems, the latter contain- 
ing a number of larve. These were placed in a glass dish filled 
with sand, which had previously been sterilized by heating. The 
larve at once went into the sand, which was only two inches 
deep, and at the bottom made little cells as if to pupate. When 
examined, a few days later, all had died without having really 
transformed to pupe. 

The same year Mr. Thomas G. Bennett, of Prospect Street, 


tt a 


a 1 ae ee Oe ee ee 


Nov., 06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 315 


reported that his maple trees were being defoliated by some 
insect which, from his description of the injury, was probably 
the same pest. 

During the seasons of 1902 and 1903 stems were gathered 
and placed in breeding cages, but all larvze failed to transform. 
In 1904 material was scarce. A few fallen stems were placed 
in a box having fine wire netting top and bottom. This was 
filled with sterilized soil, the stems laid upon the surface of the 
soil, and the box buried level with the ground in a shady spot 
in a group of shrubbery. Before planting the cage, one para- 
site emerged. When the box was unearthed in 1905 no living 
insects came from it. 

In 1905 we continued our observations on the Whitney Ave- 
nue trees, and it was noticed that the stems falling to the 
ground were often found empty or with parasitized borers in 
them. Some of the larve had evidently died before reaching 
maturity, as the burrow was abnormally small or only partially 
excavated. One stem had a hymenopterous cocoon in the 
burrow. Another contained a dipterous larva, feeding upon 
the borer. Some of the stems, however, showed the exit holes 
where the adults had emerged. It was suggested that all stems 
dropping early might be either diseased or parasitized. - We 
therefore climbed the trees and gathered stems which had not 
fallen. In these stems we found larvz that seemed to be vigor- 
ous and healthy. Two cages like the one used in 1904, and 
measuring 6% x 4 inches inside and 3 inches deep, were buried 
in the soil June 20th, 1905, immediately after placing the 
infested stems in them. The cages were dug up May 3d, 1906, 
and contained a number of adult sawflies which had already 
emerged from their cocoons, although the leaves of the sugar 
maples were but just unfolding. 

In 1905, Dr. Francis Bacon, of 32 High Street, New Haven, 
reported that some insect was defoliating his trees. My assist- 
ant, Mr. Walden, examined the trees and found the same insect 
at work on them, and a large proportion of the leaves had 
fallen and covered the ground. 

Under date of May 14th, 1906, in response to a letter of 
inquiry from me, Mr. White wrote that the insect was on the 


316 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Nov., 06 


increase in Danbury, and that he noticed it last year about 
one-half mile distant from the infested tree first noticed. 

From letters of May 28th and 30th, from Hamden and 
Hartford, this insect is apparently causing the leaves to drop 
from maple trees in these localities. Mr. C. D. Jarvis, of 
Storrs, Conn., informs me that he has observed in Canada an 
injury to maples, presumably caused by this insect. I have 
observed its work on many of the streets of New Haven, in 
Westville, and in Stonington. Mr. Walden reports it from 
Southington. Thus it seems to be on the increase in Connecti- 
cut, and in a few years will perhaps be generally found attack- 
ing the sugar maple. 


CHARACTERISTIC INJURY. 


The leaves begin to fall late in May or early in June, May 
27th being the earliest date on which I have observed them 
falling in noticeable numbers. It is only the blades that fall; 
most of these have a piece of stem from one-fourth to one-half 
of an inch long, being eaten nearly off at this point. The 
remaining portion of the stem or petiole remains upon the tree, 
and is not shed until ten days or two weeks later, when it 
ripens at the base and falls to the ground. In the worst cases 
that have come under our observation about one-third of the 
leaves have dropped from the tree, and this is the proportion 
mentioned by Mr. White in his letter. 

The larva tunnels in the stem, and as it approaches maturity 
eats out the entire inside, leaving the cylindrical epidermal 
layer. The burrow is packed with the particles of woody ma- 
terial which the larva has eaten and voided. This is often 
packed so closely that the stem keeps its shape or may be 
somewhat swollen on account of it, though it is lacking in 
strength. On small maple trees in the insectary, which were 
attacked by the adults, collected and reared, the leaf blades 
wilted slightly and drooped before breaking off ; but the sever- 
ing point could be seen distinctly as a line around the stem 
where the larva had eaten it nearly off. Below this line the 
stem was fresh; above it both stem and leaf blade wilted and 
drooped. In one case the blade did not drop, but still remained 


Nov., ’06 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. I 
3 


on the tree, but out of doors and exposed to the winds all 
infested leaves fall. A storm on May 28th, 1906, caused a great 
many leaves to fall from the maple trees, and most of them 
were cut nearly off by this stem borer. 

Either before or after the petioles fall to the ground, the 
larvee eat their way out, leaving small circular holes in the 
stems, usually near the middle. These holes may be seen in 
the accompanying illustrations. 


Lire History OF THE INSECT. 


The eggs are laid by the females about the first week in May, 
but it is believed that oviposition may be kept up for some 
time. The eggs soon hatch, but it is not known how long a 
time is required. The larve tunnel in the stems for about one 
month, causing the leaf blades to fall in about three weeks and 
the stems to drop from ten days to two weeks later. On or 
before the dropping of the stems the larve go into the ground 
and make cells in which they pass the pupa stage. Our cages 
were three inches deep, and the pupa cases were found at the 
bottom. It is not known whether the pupa stage is assumed 
at once or not until the following spring. Adults aS 
about May Ist, and soon begin to lay eggs. 

The difficulty encountered in rearing the adults of this 
species, and their great mortality in the breeding cages, show 
the insect to be extremely delicate after passing the larval 
stage. 

| WHERE THE Eccs ARE LaIp. 

The eggs are laid at the distal end of the stem or base of 
the blade, at the point where the chief veins branch from the 
stem. The process of egg laying has been observed, and the 
scars may be found on many of the leaves. It seems strange 
that the egg should be deposited in a portion of the host plant, 
which is later severed from the burrow containing the larva. 
Nineteen eggs were found in the abdomen of the female ex- 
amined, 

Foop PLANTs, 


The insect has been observed as attacking the leaf stems of 


the sugar, Norway and sycamore maples. From time to time 


318 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Nov., ’06 


we have examined red and silver maples, but have not found 
them attacked. The sugar maple is by far the most important 


host. 
DESCRIPTION. 


Egg.—The egg is colorless, more than five times as long as 
thick (length 975 ». or about 1 mm.; thickness 186 »), falcate 
or curved, with ends rather blunt and rounded. One end is 
slightly thicker than the other, but the egg is nearly uniform 
in thickness, and is shown in Fig. 3. 

Larva.—The larva, when full-grown, is about 8 mm. or 
one-third of an inch in length and about 1.5 mm. or one-six- 
teenth of an inch in thickness. Head dark-yellow or light- 
brown, with mandibles black or dark-brown. Body and legs 
uniformly buff or straw-yellow, lighter than the head. Spiracles 
dark. ' See Fig, I. 


EGG AND LARVA OF MAPLE LEAF-STEM BORER. 
1. Full grown larva. 2. Head of same. 3. Egg. All greatly enlarged. 


Pupa.—The pupa case is an earthen cell about 5 mm. long, 
and greatly resembling that of the common currant worm. 

Adult.—Female; length from front of head to tip of abdo- 
men, 4mm. Tip of antenne to tip of abdomen, 6mm. From 
tip to tip of forewings, 10 mm. | 

Head and thorax shining black above. Antenne black. 
Abdomen and under side of thorax, including legs, honey-yel- 
low. ‘Tip of abdomen dark. 

The male is unknown. 


peak 


a ae 


aad . 
| ee ee 


— 


ladle 


Nov., ’06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 319 


IDENTITY OF THE INSECT. 


Previous to May 3d, 1906, I expected that the adult of the 
maple leaf stem borer would prove to be either a beetle or a 
small moth,—probably a beetle,—and this expectation was 
shared by Prof. J. B. Smith, who has evidently observed the 
same insect in New Jersey, for he writes:*. “A small lot of 
leaves sent in at my request showed what was, apparently, a 
small coleopterous or beetle larva, boring in the leaf stalk 

..From the observations made, it seems that the parent, 
_which is assumed to be a curculio or snout beetle, gnaws into 
the stalks of the most vigorous leaves at a little beyond the 
middle, and there lays an egg.” 

That it might be a small moth or lepidoperous larva I was 
led to believe, not only from its structure, but on account of the 
fact that many of the microlepidoptera are leaf miners, and 
that two of them, Proteoteras aesculana Riley and Steganop- 
tycha claypoliana Riley, are borers in the stems of the com- 
pound leaves of the horse chestnut, the latter having been 
recorded as attacking the maple by Dr. J. A. Lintner.7 

The large number of sawflies obtained soon removed any 
doubts as to the insect causing the injury, and observations 
of egg-laying have confirmed the proof. 

Specimens were sent to Dr. Alexander D. MacGillivray, of 
Cornell University, who reported it as a new species belonging 
to the genus Priophorus. Dr. MacGillivray has recently de- 
scribed this species under the name of P. acericaulis.t 


LITERATURE. 


This insect seems to have attracted little attention, and very 
little has been written about it. At a meeting of the New York 
Entomological Society, June 4th, 1895, Rev. J. L. Zabriskie 
stated that the stems of maple leaves at Flatbush, Long Island, 
were injured by some insect which caused them to fall.§ The 
species was not identified, and may have been our Priophorus, 


*Report New Jersey Agr. Expt. Station for 1901, p. 481. 
*Twelfth Report New York State Entomologist, 1806, p. 214. 
tCanadian Entomologist, Vol. 38, p. 305, 1906. 

¢Journal N. Y. Entomological Society, Vol. ITI, p. 144. 


320 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Nov., ’06 


but Dr. Lintner considered it to be the work of Steganoptycha 
claypoliana, which he reported as attacking maples in Penn- 
sylvania, from specimens sent to The Country Gentleman in 
1895.1 From the account of the correspondent I should pro- 
nounce the injury that of the maple leaf stem borer or sawfly, 
but if Dr. Lintner really obtained the adult and found it a 
moth, the report must be accepted as authentic. 

In corresponding about the matter, Dr. E. P. Felt states 
that he finds no records or specimens in the New York State 
Museum, which indicate that adults were actually reared from 
the leaves by Dr. Lintner. 

It is quite certain that Prof. J. B. Smith observed the same 
insect in New Jersey im 1901,t or two years after it was first 
noticed in Connecticut, but had not been able to obtain the 
adults in 1903.8 

PARASITES. 

It has been mentioned that parasites were reared from this 
sawfly. Several specimens of Anoplius canadensis Ashm. were 
obtained from the breeding cages. At first these were thought 
to be parasitic upon the sawfly, but as the insects of this genus 
parasitize diptera only, so far as is known, they may have 
attacked a dipterous parasite of the Priorphorus. A dipterous 
larva was noticed, and doubtless many more occurred in the 
material. A chalcidid parasite resembling Pteromalus was 
reared from the breeding cages, one specimen only being ob- 
tained. , 

REMEDIES. 

No experiments have been made with remedies against this 
insect, but a knowledge of its life history enables one to sug- 
gest a possible treatment. Spraying the ground under the 
tree with kerosene emulsion about June 15th, when the insects 
are going into the soil, will doubtless destroy the larve; or if 
the land be not in turf, cultivation of the ground at this time 
is certain to kill many of them. As the insect is so hard to rear, 
there should be no difficulty in controlling it. 


+Twelfth Report N. Y. State Entomologist, p. 214. 
tReport N. J. Agr. Expt. Station for 1901, p. 481. 
§$Report N. J. Agr. Exp. Station for 1903, p: 557. 


Nov., ’06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 321 


I here wish to give due credit to my assistant, Mr. B. H. 
Walden, who has assisted in gathering material and in caring 
for the breeding cages. The photographs Nos. 1, 2 and 3 of 
the plate were also. made by Mr. Walden. 


“DESCRIPTION OF PLATE XIV. 


1. Longitudinal section of maple leaf stem, showing larva in burrow, 
and empty burrow partly filled with castings. Greatly enlarged. 
2. Privphorus acericaulis MacGillivray. Adult female. About three 
times natural size. 
Leaf stem showing exit hole of larva. 
Stems which have dropped from the tree. 
Leaves with stems severed by the borer. 


QEy 


=<er 


The Species of Cicada related to tibicen. 
By HERBERT OSBORN. 


The September number of ENtomoLocicaL NEws contains 
an interesting article by Messrs. Davis and Joutel on Cicada 
tibicen and allied forms, and I can cordially agree with the 
authors in their conclusion regarding the separation of the 
three forms and also agree that they are probably correct in 
placing the names as they do, though it is a difficult matter to 
determine just what Say had in hand for the description of 
pruinosa. The authors, however, seem to have overlooked two 
papers in which the separation of these species has been defi- 
hitely indicated. The first article is by Professor P. R. Uhler, 
in the Maryland Academy of Science, Volume “1,” page 151, 
where canicularis Harris is definitely separated from tibicen, 
but in which pruinosa is still retained as a synonym of tibicen. 
The other paper is by Professor H. Garman, in bulletin 107, 
Kentucky Experiment Station, entitled “17-Year Locusts in 
Kentucky,” and in which he includes reference to tibicen, page 
89, and pruimosa, page 91, definitely separating these forms 
and giving full details of characters.by which to differentiate 
them. He also gives photographic figures illustrating both 
species. Both of these papers it must be admitted are rather 
inaccessible and easily overlooked, but the former is referred 
to and closely followed in Prof. MacGillivray’s article on 


322 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Nov., ’06 


“Cicadide-American genera and species,” Canadian Entomo- 
logist, volume 33, page 74 (190T). 

I have had these forms separated in my collection for several 
years and have representatives of the species from several dif- 
ferent localities, tibicen having a somewhat wider range, but 
examples of canicularis from Ohio and of pruinosa from Ohio 
and District of Columbia. 

In this connection I may call attention to another form which 
is closely related to tibicen, and may very likely have been con- 
fused with it, although it seems to be of rather rare occurrence. 
The only specimens of which I know are from Ohio and 
Indiana, and what is probably the male, from Florida. I have 
described it in a forthcoming paper on the Homoptera of 
Ohio, but the following diagnosis may be presented in this 
connection : 


Cicada fulvula n. sp. 

Size and form of tibicen and closely resembles that species, 
but the coloration of thorax is different, the light part being 
fulvous and the hind border of prothorax black. Length of 
female, 32 mm.; to tip of wing, 51 mm. Male, 32 mm.; to tip 
of wing, 50 mm. | 


Head black with narrow tawny stripe on middle of vertex. Front 
black proboscis fulvous; prothorax black and greenish fulvous, the 
fulvous occupying a central patch in discal portions of each side. The 
broad hind border and narrower lateral border black. Mesothorax 
fulvous and black, the black occupying the central area and irregular 
lines at margin. The elytra transparent, faintly smoky, veins at base 
green, on apical portion black. Abdomen black above, with narrow 
pruinose line at base. Beneath with broad central polished black stripe 
and at each side is a broad lateral pruinose border. Legs greenish or 
olivaceous fulvous, The last ventral segment of female is broadly “V’- 
shaped. 

In what appears to be the male of this species the opercula are of very 
different shape from those of tibicen or pruinosa, being rounded or 
elliptical posteriorly and with a distinct reflexed border, highly polished, 
length, 9 mm., width, 6mm., distinctly overlapping on inner margin. 


ee 


Mr. J. A. G. REHN, the well-known orthopterest, was married to Miss 
Dorothy D. Holman of West Creek, N. J., on October 24th. 


1s oe 


a) Aa ty 


panes A een 


EE a a 


Nov., ’06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 323 


Additional List of Insects Taken in Alpine Region 
of Mt. Washington. 
By ANNIE TRUMBULL SLOSSON. 


In 1894 I printed my first list of this series. Since that 
time I have published eight additional lists, nine in all, and 
herewith append my tenth. This one includes the insects 
taken by me during summers of 1905 and 1906 and contains 
about 200 species, many of them new to science, as are also 
two or three genera. As usual I have depended much upon 
specialists in the different groups for identifications and have 
received very kind and cheerfully-given assistance from all. 


LEPIDOPTERA. : SCALIONIDE. 
HETEROCERA. Hoplogryon_ washingtonensis 
Ashm., n. sp. 

Catocala unijuga Walk. 
Olethreutes coruscana Clem. _ PLATYGASTERID. 

oy fuscalbana Ze//. Polymecus slossonz Ashm. n. sp. 
Epinotia pinicolana Ze//, . 
Alceris hastiana Linn. RIGITIDA, 
Tortrix argentana Clerck. Aegilips monticola Ashm. n. sp. 
Platynota sentana Clem. Anacharis slossonz Ashm. s. np. 
Phalonia vitellinana Ze//. TORYMIDZ. 


Gelechia vernella Murt/. 
Mompha? sp ? 
Micropteryx griseocostella ? Wa/sm. 


Syntomospis polite Ashm. n. sp. 
Torymus bedeguaris Linz. 


MISCOGASTERID. 
HYMENOPTERA. Lamprotatus monticolaAshm. n.sp. 
BOMBIDZE. ; CLEONYMID. 
Bombus vagus Sy. Mesostenus monticola Ashm. n. sp. 
PROSOPIDID. ENCYRTIDE£., 
Prosopis affinis Sy. Cerchysius maculipennis Ashm. 
EUMENID~. Blastothrix sericeus Da/m. 
: ae Encyrtid gen. ? sp. 
Ancistrocerus tigris Sauss. 
PTEROMALID. 
BELYTID/. Asaphes vulgaris Wa/&. 
Psilomma slossonze Ashm. n. sp. 
EULOPHID#. 
DIAPRIIDAZ. Aphelinus bicolor Ashm. n. sp. 


Trichopria alticola Ashm. n. sp. Sympiesis sp. ? 


324 


ICHNEUMONIDE. 


Ichneumon jucundus Brule. 
Melophron abdominalis <Ashm, 
n. sp. 
Bathymetis slossonz Ashm. n. sp. 
Bathymetis washingtonensis Ashm. 
Adiostola testaceipes Ashm. n. sp. 
Ichyracis americana Ashm. n. sp. 
Stiboscopus_ washingtonensis 
Ashm, n. sp. 
Pimpline n. gen. et n. sp. 
Ephialteas sp. ? 
Ephialtomorpha slossonz# Ashm, 
n. gen. et n. sp. 
Eriglcea longitarsis Ashm. n. sp. 
Promethes albicoxis Ashm. n. sp. 
Triclastus pygmzus C7. 
Amerolytus flavifrons Ashm. 
Orthocentrus canadensis Prov. 
Hypolepus alticola Ashm. 
Deleter washingtonensis 
n. sp. 
Phoenosemus alticola Ashm. n. sp. 
Atmetus pectoralis Ashm. n. sp. 
Zaporus alticola Ashm. n. sp. 
Barycnemis slossonz Ashm. n. sp. 


Ashm. 


ALYSIID/E. 
Mesocrina sp. 


- 


BRACONIDZ. 


Aphidius phorodontis Ashm. 

Lysiphlebus slossonz Ashm. n. sp. 

Macrocentrus rufopleuralis Ashm. 
n. sp. 

Urogaster carnasiz Ashm. 

Glyptapanteles alticola Ashm. n.sp. 

Habrobracon pampelie Ashm. 


FORMICIDE. 


Camponotus herculeanus ligniper- 
dus Laér. var, pictus Forel. 

Formica sanguinea aserva Forel. 

- Formica fusca subpolita var. neoga- 

gates Amery. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 


[Nov., ’06 


Lasius niger Linn, var. americanus 
Emery. 

Lasius umbratus mixtus JVyd. var. 
aphidicola Wa/sh. 

Dolichoderus taschenbergi 
gagates Wheeler. 

Leptothorax acerverum canadensis 
Prov. 

Leptothorax emersoni Wheeler. 

Myrmica rubra scabrinodis My. 

Myrmica rubra scabrinodis JVyZ., 
var. schenki Mein. 


Var. 


COLEOPTERA. 


CARABIDZ. 
Cychrus lecontei De7. 
Amara polita Lec. 

«similis Kirby. 

Bembidium nitidum A7rédy. 
Bradycellus rupestris Say. 

DYTISCID/E. 
Agabus obtusatus Say. 
Copelatus glyphicus Say. 

HYDROPHILID&. 

Laccobius agilis Rand. 


SILPHID. 
Anistoma collaris Zec. 
‘s strigata ? 
STAPHYLINIDZ. 


Aleochara fuscipes Grav. 

Tachinus repandus Hforn. 

Philonthus quadricollis Horn. 
“e ? 

Syntomium confragosum Jaki. 

Arpedium sp. 

Micropeplus tesserula Cur‘. 


-COCCINELLID. 
Mysia pullata Say. 


. CUCUJIDE. 
Laemophlacus convexulus Lec. 


Nov., 06] 


CRYPTOPHAGIDE. 


Coenoscelis sp. 


“ce ay 


ce 6 


Crosfmus hirtus Casey. 
Cryptophagus sp. 


MYCETOPHAGID AE. 


Litargus 6-punctatus Say. 
Typhoea fumata Zzun. 


DERMESTID. 
Trogoderma tarsale Me/sh. 


- Dermestes vulpinus Fad. 


NITIDULID. 
Stelidota geminata Say. 


Rhizophagus brunneus //orn. 


LATRIDIID AE. 


Corticaria ferruginea Gy//. 
Latridius breviclavus Fa//. 


PARNID. 
Dryops striatus Lec. 


DASCYLLID. 


- Ptilodactyla serricollis Say. 


ELATERIDE. 
Corymbites metallicus Pays, 


LAMPYRIDZE. 
Podabrus piniphilus Zsch. 
Telephorus fraxini Say. 
Malthodes niger Lec. 
Ditemnus bidentatus Say. 

PTINID/E. 
Coenocara sp. 
Dinoderus substriatus Pays. 
SCARABALID/E. 
Odontzeus cornigerus Je/sh, 


CERAMBYCID:. 
Leptura nigrella Say. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 325 


CHRYSOMELIDAE. 


Donacia equalis Say. 
Phyllotreta vittata 7ad. 
Diabrotica 12-punctata Oliv. 
Haltica torquata Lec. 


TENEBRIONIDE. 
Xylopinus saperdioides O/iv. 

MELANDRYID. 
Serropalpus striatus Hle/w. 


CEPHALOID. 
Cephaloon ungulare Zec. 


MORDELLID. 
Mordella borealis Zec. 


ANTHICIDZ. 
Anthicus floralis Zznuz. 


MELOID. 
Epicauta pennsylvanica DeG. 


RHINOMACERIDE. 
Rhinomacer elongatus Lec. 


CURCULIONID. 


Phytonomus nigrirostris Fad. 
Hylobius pales H/és?. 
Dorytomus brevicollis Lec. 
Elleschus scanicus Pay. 
Centrinus denticornis Casey. 


SCOLYTIDE. 


Pityophthorus sparsus Lec. 
Xyleborus czlatus ich. 
Hylesinus aculeatus Say. 


DIPTERA. 


Bibio longipes Loew. 

Culex sylvestris 7heo. 
Chasmatonotus bimaculatus O. 5S. 
Ceratopogon specularis Cog. 
Camptocladius minimus Jezg. 
Tipula serta Loew. 


326 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 


Psychoda slossoni W122. 
Hemerodromia superstitiosa Say. 
Leucostola slossonz ohn. n. sp. 
Dolichopus acuminatus Loew. 
Pelastoneura vagans Loew. 
Sympycnus lineatus Loew. 
Chrysotus sp. ? 

Hydrophorus parvus Loew. 

a pirata Loew. 
Lonchoptera lacustris Mezg. 
Syrphus ribesii Zzzz. 
Helophilus glacialis Loew. 
Neoascia distincta W727. 
Caricea antica Walk, 
Coenosia nana Ze?z. 

ch n. sp. ? 
Cordylura lutea Loew. 
Tephronota narytia Wadk, 
Urellia solaris Loew. 
Sapromyza 4-lineata Loew. 
Psilopa similis Cog. 
Hydrellia hypoleuca Loew. 


Hydrina picta Fad, 

S40 debilis Loew. 
Drosophila imersa Wade. 
Scaptomyza adusta Loew. 
Siphonella cinerea Loew. 
Chlorops sp. ? 

Oscinis carbonaria Loew. 
Agromyza longipennis Loew. 


HEMIPTERA. 


HETEROPTERA. 


Euschistus variolaris P. 2. 

if tristigmus Say. 

fg fissilis Uhd. 
Belonichilus numenius Say. 
Geocoris griscus Dad/. 
Crophius n. sp. 
Pamera Nn. sp. 
Ptochiomera n. sp 
Ligyrocoris constrictus Say. 
Trapezonatus rufipes Szad. 
Trapezonatus n. sp. 
Spragisticus nebulosus Fad/. 
Drymus (Megalonotus) n. sp. 
Rhyparochromus compactus Wh/. 
Lygus n. sp. 
Lygus belfragii Rez. 
Camptobrochis n. sp. 


[Nov., ’06 


Pycnoderus insignis Rez. 

Neoborus n. sp. ? 

Capsid n. gen. n. sp. 

IInacora n. sp. 

Mecomma sp. ? 

Dicyphus californicus SZad. 
- vestitus hd, 

Plagiognathus sp. ? 

Capsid n. gen. n. sp, 

Tetraphelps n. sp. 

Xylocoris americanus Dad//. 


HOMOPTERA. 
Cyrtolobus vau Say. 
Alymna castanea Fitch. 

‘*  querci Fitch, 
Ophiderma flavoguttata Gudg. 
Telamona monticola Fad. 
Liburnia pellucida Fad. 

cS lutulenta 1. D. 

- oc? . 

see n. sp. ? 

Stenocranus dorsalis Fitch. 

Helicoptera sp. 

Philzenus spumarius pustulatus 
Fall, 

Clastoptera obtusa Say. 

Idiocerus productus G. & B. 

eS formosus &ad/, 

suturalis var, vagus Bad. 
Acocephalus albifrons Lizz. 
Deltocephalus minki Fed. 
Platymetopius acutus Say. 
Strongylocephalus agrestis Fad/, 
Chlorotettix lusoria O. & B. 
Typhlocyba nitidula Fad. 


NEUROPTERA. 


Aeschna juncea Zim. 
Psocus confraternus Bés, 

‘« —meoestus Hag. 
Mesopsocus unipunctatus Mze//. 
Peripsocus madidus Hag. 
Hemerobius humili Zzzz. 
Boriomyia longifrons Wa/z. 
Limnephilus dispectus Wad. 
Heteroplectron boreale Prov. 


ARACHNIDA. 


Erigone dentigera Camoér. 
Thanatus n. sp. 


pee ee eee ee ee eee 


Nov., ’06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 327 


Texas Notesth 


By E. DwicHt SANDERSON. 
The English Grain Louse. 
Macrosiphum granaria Buckton. 

This species was found common in the grain fields of north 
and central Texas. The species was first sent us from North 
Texas, January 20, 1903, where it had been mistaken for the 
southern grain louse (To.xoptera graminum), other specimens 
were similarly received during February and March. 

Colonies were started in tubes in the laboratory January 
21, 1903, and progeny from them were maintained until about 
May ist. Conditions were hardly favorable for the maximum 
reproduction in the tubes, but ten females whose record was 
kept produced an average of 31 young each in 17.4 days, or an 
average of 1.7 each per day. All of these females were 
winged but two, whose rate averaged 2.2 young per day. The 
time required for the development of the individual was ob- 
served in fifteen cases and was found to average 12 days, 
ranging from 8 to 17 days. 

Young born January 20, matured and reproduced February 
3, which reproduced February 11, which young reproduced 
March 2, which became mature March 17 and bore young of 
record March 31, which became mature and reproduced young 
April 15, which became adult April 26. Thus, there were six 
generations in 96 days, the young of one generation not having 
been isolated until 15 days after reproduction commenced, so 
that the minimum time for the six generations would have been 
about 80 days. 

Of the young born March 31, part developed into the 
winged males and apterous oviparous females, while others 
became viviparous females, which gave birth to young which 
became sexual. The young stages of the sexual. individuals 
were noticeably pinkish in contrast to the usual yellowish- 
green. The sexes differ from the viviparous form in the usual 
manner. 

Apterous oviparous female. 


One specimen, 1.9 mm. long by r mm. wide; antenne 2 mm., seg- 
ments, 3, 0.50 mm.; 4, 0.35 mm.; 5, 0.30 mm.; 6, 0.10 mm.; 7, 0.50 mm.; 


328 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ Nov., ’06 


cornicle, 0.43 mm.; cauda, 0.21 mm, Somewhat smaller than viviparous 
form. At first yellow, then turning green and darker green. Head light 
brown. Distal two-thirds of femora, tip of tibia, tarsi and cornicles 
black, antennz black. Conspicuous horizontal black marking in pit of 
connexivum on either side, these being more or less connected by black 
lines on the sutures of the first six abdominal segments and coalescing 
to form a faint but distinct black spot on abdominal segments 4-6. 
Meta-tibia with numerous pores. 

Winged male.—Antennez, 2.8 mm.;: segments, 3, 0.68 mm.; 4, 0.50 
mm.; 5, 0.46 mm.; 6, 0.14 mm.; 7, 0.78 mm.; cornicle, 0,14 mm.; cauda, 
0.14 mm. : wing 3.35 mm, long. The third antennal segment with 35 to 
50 sensoria, the fourth segment with a row of Io to 12 on basal two- 
thirds, about 10 large sensoria on distal two-thirds of fifth segment, and 
usual large sensoria at tip of sixth and seventh segments. Similar to 
winged viviparous female, but reddish to reddish-brown, with black 
markings on either side of dorso-meson of abdominal segments, 
especially on the seventh segment where the nrcsehae converges on 
the meson. 


The sexual forms were not found in the field nor were we 
able to secure them from viviparous females in May. Whether 
this is the normal time for the appearance of the sexes in 
Texas, and where they occur in nature, or whether their ap- 
pearance was due to the rearing in confinement for several 
generations, are open questions. We know of no previous 
record of the sexes, though Prof. F. M. Webster informs 
us that he secured them many years ago. 

Mr. Th. Pergande has given very complete descriptions of 
the viviparous forms (Bulletin 44, Division of Entomology, 
U. S. Dept. Agr., pg. 14). Mr. C. E. Sanborn has kindly 
drawn up a description of the form common in Texas. Seem- 
ingly the only difference between this species and Macrosiphum 
cerealis Kalt. is in the latter species lacking the black markings 
of the abdomen of the former. The sizes as given by Pergande 
are so variable that it would be impossible to distinguish the 
species by size. Unfortunately, when specimens are mounted in 
balsam, it is sometimes extremely difficult to distinguish the 
black maculations on the abdomen. Specimens should there- 
fore always be described as to color before mounting or pre- 
serving. Some further distinction for mounted specimens is 
therefore a desideratum, as unfortunately the two species have 
been inextricably confused in the economic literature of this 
country and will probably continue to be unless clearly dis- 
tinguished. 3 


Nov., ’06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 329 


Coleoptera of the Sacramento Mountains of New 


Mexico.—Ill. 
By W. Knaus, McPherson, Kansas. 


June 12 to 18, 1905, were spent in collecting Coleoptera at or 
near Cloudcroft, New Mexico. Of this time a part of a day 
was spent at Alamogordo, at the foot of the Sacramento 
Mountains, and one day at Santa Rosa, at the crossing of the 
Pecos River. I had collected over the same region in 1902; and 
at the same season, but of the seventy species here listed, at 
least sixty-five of them did not occur or were not seen at the 
time covered by these dates. 

Of the species here listed, seventeen are new to New Mexico. 
Fourteen are new to southern New Mexico, five genera are new 
to the territory and one family is also new to the territory. 

Most of the species have been identified by Mr, H. C. Fall, 
of Pasadena, Cal., to whom thanks are due. The localities for 
species other than Cloudcroft, Wootens, Alamogordo, Conant 
and Santa Rosa should be credited to the “Coleoptera of New 
Mexico,” unpublished, by Messrs. H. C. Fall and T. D. A. 
Cockerell, the latter gentleman having kindly given the 
localities. 

I 20 Cicindela nigrocaerulea Lec. On flats east of Alamogordo, 
along streams from overflow of irrigation ditch. In 
numbers, varying from the typical blue-black through 
various shades of green to black. Also known from 
Deming and Luna. 

2 38 Cicindela flavopunctata Chevr. One specimen, same locality 
as above. New to New Mexico. 

3 39 ©6Cicindela tenuisignata Lec. Common, same locality as above. 
Also from Mesilla Park. 

4 —— Dyschirius sp. One specimen, Cloudcroft. 

5 936 Pinacodera punctigera Lec. One specimen, Cloudcroft, also 
from the Organ Mountains. 

6 —— Tachycellus turbatus Fall. Common in canons surrounding 
Cloudcroft. 


7 1221 Halyplus triopsis Say. One specimen, Wootens, previously 


recorded from Albuquerque. 
8 12907 Coelambus nubilis Lec. One specimen, Fresnal Creek, also 


from Mesilla Valley. 


330 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Nov., ’06 - 


9 1613 Berosus infuscatus Lec. One specimen, Alamogordo, also 
recorded from Roswell. 

10 —— Homalota sp. One specimen, Cloudcroft. 

11 —— Staphylinus modestus Fall. One specimen, Fresnal Canon 
near Cloudcroft. 

12 2170 Philonthus flavolimbatus Erichson. One specimen, Cloud-— 
croft. Recorded from numerous other localities. 

13 2182 Philonthus alumnus Er. One female specimen, Cloud- 
croft. Also from Mesilla Park and Thornton. 

14 9858 Baeocera texana Csy. Two specimens, Cloudcroft. New to 
New Mexico. 


15 —— Neomedon sp. Not described from United States. One 
specimen, Cloudcroft. Genus new to New Mexico. 
16 —— Siagonum sp. One specimen, Santa Rosa. - 


17 2980 Scaphisoma castaneum Mots. Two specimens, Cloudcroft. 
New to New Mexico. 
18 9873 Phalacrus sayi Csy. One specimen, Wootens. New to south- 
ern New Mexico. : 
19 —— Eustilbus sp. One specimen, Wootens. 
20 3160 Scymnus coniferarium Cr. One specimen on young pine 
shoot, Cloudcroft. New to southern New Mexico. 
21 3173 Epilachna corrupta Muls. Common, damaging potato vines 
and beans, near Wootens. 
22 —— Agathengis sp. One specimen, Wootens. 
23 3466 Hister subopacus Lec. One specimen under pine bark, 
Cloudcroft. New to New Mexico. 
24 3407 Hister militaris Horn. Three specimens, Santa Rosa and 
Alamogordo. New to southern New Mexico. 
25 3637 Plegederus nitidus var. Horn. Common in channels of 
Scolytus under pine bark, Cloudcroft. New to New 
Mexico. 
26 36090 Epurae ambigua Mann. One specimen at Cloudcroft. New 
to New Mexico. 
27 3760 Ips cylindricus Lec. A broken specimen, Cloudcroft. New to 
New Mexico. 
28 3833. Trogosita virescens Feb. One specimen, Wootens. New to 
southern New Mexico. 
29 3848 Peltis pippingskoeldi Mann. One specimen, Cloudcroft. New 
to southern New Mexico. 
30 3849 Peltis ferruginea Linn. Two specimens, Cloudcroft. New 
to New Mexico. . 
31 —— Melanotes sp. One specimen, Cloudcroft. 
32 4641 Chrysobothrus cuprascens Lec. One specimen, Cloudcroft. 
New to southern New Mexico. 
33 —— Agrilus sp. One specimen, Wootens. 


Nov., ’06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 331 


34 


35 


on 


37 


37 


39 


41 


4943 


Telephorus ruficollis Lec. Four specimens, Cloudcroft and 
Wootens. New to southern New Mexico. 

Coelestethus alternatus Fall. Two specimens, Cloudcroft. 
Recorded from Wootens. 

Canthon puncticollis Lec. Two specimens, male and female, 
Alamogordo. Also from Deming and other points. 
Onthophagus hecate Panz. Alamogordo and Fresnal Canon. 

Also from Rio Ruidoso and other points. 

Rhyssemus californicus Horn. One specimen, Santa Rosa. 
New to New Mexico. 

Aphodius lividus Oliv. Common at Santa Rosa, occasion- 
ally found at Alamogordo and Wootens. Other records 
are Albuquerque and Thornton. 

Aphodius n. sp. near crassulus Horn. Common, Cloud- 
croft to Wootens. 

Aphodius pumilus Horn. Common at Alamogordo, also 
from Astex and Santa Fe. 

Dichelonycha n. sp. Occurs on scrub oak, young pines, wild 
roses and willows from Cloudcroft summit 9,200 feet 
down to Wootens 7,000 feet. New to New Mexico. 

Toxotus trivittatus var. Say. On scrub oak, Cloudcroft. 
New to New Mexico. 

Acmaeops proteus Kirby, var. Two specimens, Cloudcroft. 
New to southern New Mexico. 

Leptura canadensis Fab. var, One elytron under bark. Cloud- 
croft. 

Pachybrachys morosus Hald. Cloudcroft. New to south- 
ern New Mexico. 

Pachybrachys morosus Hald. var. Cloudcroft. 

Pachybrachys sp. near lustrans Lec. Cloudcroft. 

Xanthonia ro-notata Say. On pines, Cloudcroft. New to 
southern New Mexico. 

Colaspoidea viridimicans Horn. Several specimens at Conant. 

Monoxia puncticollis Say. Four specimens, Santa Rosa, 
reported from Roswell and other points. 

Monoxia sordida Say. One specimen, Wootens. Also 
Mesilla Valley. 

Monoxia new sp. On heads of young balsam fir, Cloudcroft. 

Haltica carinata Germ. Wootens. New to southern New 
Mexico. 

Chaetocnema subviridis Lec. Several specimens, Santa Rosa. 
Also near Silver City. 
Araeoschizus sp. possibly fimbratus Csy. One specimen, 

Santa Rosa. 

Embaphion n. sp. Several specimens under pine bark and 

chips, Cloudcroft. New to New Mexico. 


332 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Nov., ’06 


58 —— Conibius n. sp. One specimen, Santa Rosa, Genus new to 
New Mexico. 

50 7519 Platydema oregonensis Lec. One specimen, Cloudcroft. New 
to southern New Mexico. 

60 7704 Mycterus concolor Lec. Several specimens, Wootens. New 
to southern New Mexico. 

61 7707 Lecontia discicollis Lec. var. One specimen under pine bark, 
Cloudcroft. New to southern New Mexico. 

62 7717 Salpingus virescens Lec. One specimen, Wootens. New to 
southern New Mexico. 

63 —— Epicauta n. sp. Four specimens, Wootens. 

64 8198 Rhinomacer comptus Lec. One specimen, Cloudcroft. Fam- 
ily, genus and species new to New Mexico. 

65 8342 Sitones lineellus Gyll. One specimen, Cloudcroft. New to 
New Mexico. 


66 —— Abion disparipes Fall. One female specimen, Wootens. Also 
from Las Cruces, 
67 ——— Macrops sp. One specimen, Santa Rosa. 


68 10923 Smicronyx spretus Dietz. One specimen, Wootens. New to 
New Mexico. 
69 —— Sphenophorus sp. One specimen, Santa Rosa. 
70 9224 Brachytarsus griseus Lec. One specimen, Wootens. Genus 
and species new to New Mexico. 


A New Species of Proscopid (Acrididae) from the 
Amazon Region. 


By James A. G. REHN. 
Taxiarchus paraensis n. sp. 
Types:—é and 92; Obidos, State of Para, Amazonian 


Brazil. A. N. S. Philadelphia. 

Allied to T. superbus Brunner from Upper Amazonia, but 
differing in the slenderer body, the very much longer and 
slenderer pronotum, the absence of distinct denticles on the 
mesopleura, which are somewhat constricted cephalad, and in 
the more subequal rostrum. From T. septentrionalis Bruner,* 
from Costa Rica, it differs in the slightly smaller general size 
and the much shorter limbs of the female, while the male has 
the pronotum longer than in the Costa Rican species, and the 
number of spines on the external margins of the caudal tibiz 
is at least four less than in septentrionalis. 


*Ent. News, xvi, p. 314. 


Nov., ’06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 333 


1 RLY at Maas aaa 


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Taxiarchus parensis n. sp.—Lateral view of head of male ; dorsal view 
of female pronotum, and dorsal view of male. (X 1%.) 


334 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Nov., ’06 


Size rather large; cephalic and thoracic regions thickly but bluntly 
tuberculate. Head greatly prolonged, particularly in the male, the por- 
tion immediately caudad of the eyes strongly and roundly constricted 
in the male; the length considerably more than half the length of the 
prothorax in the female, very slightly more in the male; vertex in the 
male a quadrate peg-like process, shorter than the length of the eye, 
slightly tapering and with the apex truncate, in the female quadrate 
with the angles more acute, equal to the length of the eye, hardly taper- 
ing, the apex bluntly rounded; antenne very: short, about twice the 
length of the rostrum in the male, very slightly longer in the female; 
eyes very prominent in the male, ovate in outline when viewed laterad, 
approaching closer cephalid than caudad, in the female moderately promi- 
nent. Prothorax elongate, the greatest width (inter-coxal) contained 
nearly nine times in the length in the male and about five and a half 
times in the female, cylindrical in the male, somewhat depressed in the 
female; cephalic margin subtruncate mesad, slightly expanded laterad; 
caudal margin sinuato-truncate, very slightly expanded in the male and 
not appreciably so in the female; no median carina present in the male, a 
very blunt and low one present in the female, weak mesad; prosternum 
separated from the pronotum by a distinct sulcus, rounded in the male, 
tectate in the female with the central ridge bearing a slight shallow 
median sulcus; .coxze shielded cephalad by a rounded projecting plate, 
more prominent in the female than in the male. Mesothorax consider- 
ably depressed, the pronotal carina continued caudad on the mesonotum 
in the female; mesopleura tuberculate, not spined. Metathorax about 
equal to the mesothorax in width, somewhat depressed caudad in the 
female. Abdomen very considerably longer than the head and thorax. 
cylindrical in the male, with a median carina in the female; supra-anal 
plate of the male half ovate, cerci very short. Cephalic femora about 
half the length of the pronotum in both sexes, very slightly enlarged 
distad, tibiz about equal to the femora in length. Median femora and 
tibize about equal in size and form to the cephalic in the female but 
more robust, in the male distinctly shorter than the cephalic. Caudal 
femora about equal to the prothorax and mesothorax in length, very 
slightly longer than the same segments in the female, slightly inflated 
in the proximal half, dorsal margin of the genicular region with a spine 
on each side; caudal tibie very slightly longer than the femora, sub- 
quadrate in section, slightly but distinctly arcuate, the outer dorsal 
margins with thirteen to sixteen spines, the inner dorsal margins with 
six to nine spines. 

General color olivaceous brown, mixed with tawny-olive, particularly 
in the male and on the pronotum in the female. Eyes clove-brown in 
the male, of the general color in the female. 


MEASUREMENTS. oO 4 
LMMGth OF DOOGY S52... s Guan vent 84.5 mm. 129.5 mm. 
Length of head (dorsal)........... Io mm. 16.5 mm. 
Tergts OF Vertex os. 1s cpbeca vee 18mm, 4. mm. 
Letigth OF prothorax ... .cvisiees sun 245mm. 31. mm. 
Length of meso and metathorax.... 6.5mm. II. mm. 
Length of caudal femur......... . 2.27. TE 30 eee 
Length of caudal tibia... cine. cpek 27.5mm. 41.5 mm. 


The typical pair are the only specimens available for exam- 
ination. 


Nov., ’06} ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 335 


A new genus of Lygaeidae from Japan. 
By Dr. E. Bercrotu, DuLuTH, MINN. 


Togo n. gen. . 

Body elongate. Head exserted, nearly as broad as long and 
broader than apex of pronotum, narrowing behind the eyes, 
postocular lateral margins as long as the eyes, which are of 
moderate size, a little prominent, obliquely oval seen in pro- 
file, ocelli twice as far separated from each other as from 
the eyes, tylus somewhat produced. beyond the juga, the throat 
a little longitudinally convex, first antennal joint passing the 
apex of the head by half its length, first joint of rostrum not 
reaching the posterior margins of the eyes, second joint as long 
_as first, passing the-apex of the prosternum by about half its 
length (remaining joints not clearly seen, owing to specimen 
being carded). Pronotum constricted far behind the middle, 
anterior lobe nearly four times as long as posterior lobe, its 
sides broadly convex, rounded, almost imperceptibly carinated, 
collar distinct with a transverse row of punctures, posterior 
lobe with basal margin almost straight, lateral angles rounded, 
not prominent. Scutellum about as long as broad. Metaster- 
num with acutely produced posterior angles. Hemelytra ab- 
breviated, reaching a little beyond the middle of the penulti- 
mate abdominal segment, clavus with three rows of punctures, 
the external row straight and regular, the two inner rows 
somewhat irregular and confused, claval suture more than 
twice as long as the straight apical margin of the corium, claval 
commissure nearly as long as the scutellum, membrane very 
short, appearing as a rounded border to the apical margin of 
the cordium. Abdomen a trifle narrower than the hemelytra, 
the last dorsal segment in the male rounded at apex and pass- 
ing the apex of the connexivum. Anterior femora strongly 
incrassated with some larger and smaller spines on the under- 
side from the apex to not far from the base; anterior tibiz a 
little shorter than the femora, strongly curved towards the 
base, in the male with a strong tooth just behind the middle. 
First joint of posterior tarsi not quite twice as long as the 
two apical joints together. 

Allied to the Indian genus Fontejanus Bredd. and very simi- 
lar to it in facies. In both these genera the anterior lobe of the 
pronotum is so considerably elongated that the forelegs are 
inserted but little before the middle of the body. The new 
genus is, however, easily distinguished from Fontejanus by the 
exserted head, the less separated ocelli, the much shorter basal 
joint of the rostrum, the longer hemelytra (these particularly 
having the claval suture and commissure much longer) and the 
unarmed middle femora. The anterior male tibiz, too, are 


336 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Nov., ’06 


toothed much nearer to the middle and the basal joint of the 
hind tarsi is shorter. 
Togo victor n. sp. ; 
Dull black, antenne, first and second joint of rostrum, apical margin 
of prothorax (narrowly) and lateral margins of abdomen tawny, first 
antennal joint towards the base and extreme apex of second joint 
fuscous, apex of third joint and the whole fourth joint blackish, basal 
border of pronotum, corium, clavus, extreme apex of scutellum, aceta- 
bular margins (obscurely) and posterior angles of metasternum whit- 
ish, some small spots to hemelytra fuscous, apical margin of corium 
fuscous, more broadly so towards the apical angle, legs pale yellow, 
anterior femora (except base and extreme apex) and apical halves of 
middle and posterior femora black, extreme apex of tibie and the 
whole last joint of tarsi fuscous. Head very thickly and finely 
punctured, second antennal joint more than twice as long as first, third 
joint somewhat shorter than second, fourth about as long as second. 
Pronotum not fully twice as long as the head, a little broader at the 
base than half the length, finely punctured but less thickly so than the 
head, anterior lobe moderately convex with its greatest width a little 
behind the middle, where it is distinctly broader than the head, posterior 
lobe slightly narrower than the anterior lobe. The breast finely moder- 
utely thickly punctured. Hemelytra one fourth longer than the pro- 
notum, corium rather finely and thinly punctured with brown, lateral 
border impunctate, membrane blackish. Abdomen clothed with very 
fine and short yellowish sericeous pubescence. Length, ¢ 6.5 mm. 


Japan (Tokyo) ; found by Mr. Kuwana.—Col. C. F. Baker. 


<4 
=—8Pr 


Two new Termites. 
By NATHAN BANKS. 


There has recently been a great awakening in the collection 
and study of termites. Our forms are not numerous, so that 
there is not the stimulating prize of new species to quicken the 
student, yet we have some very interesting genera. Among 
them is Termopsis, a new species of which I describe from 
Arizona, and a most curious form from Florida. So striking 
is the soldier of this species that I do not hesitate to consider it 
a new genus. These two new species, together with two 
recently described by Desneux, make about twelve species of 
termites from our country. 


CRYPTOTERMES n. gen. 

No ocelli in any stage; no plantula to tarsi; only costal vena- 
tion to wings distinct, this consisting of a subcostal vein along 
the margin to tip and a closely parallel radius with three 
branches runnng into the subcosta. There are two spurs at 
apex of all tibiz; four tarsal joints, the last much the longest, 
with a lobe at base, claws are very stout on base, faintly 
toothed at middle, and then very slender. The soldier has the 
'ead enlarged in front, with a great cavity on the face, evi- 
cently used to close passages of nest. 


Nov., ’06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 337 


Cryptotermes cavifrons n. sp. 


Soldier —Yellowish brown, abdomen whitish, antennze white, ante- 
rior part of head and the mandibles jet black. Head greatly enlarged in 
front so that seen from above it is nearly square, constricted sides, and 
an emarginate front-line, in front there is a great, broad cavity from 
antennz and mandibles up to vertex, the mandibles are large and long, 
and much curved; the antennz are about as long as head, with 13 joints. 
The pronotum is broader than long, with slightly convex sides. The 
eyes are distinct, a little behind antennz. 

Winged male.—Pale yellowish brown, legs and antenne paler; wings 

‘hyaline, the costal veins yellowish; a black dot each side on front of 


a, side of head. 

5, top of head and prothorax. 
c, prothorax of winged male. 
d, tarsus. 


pronotum. Eyes large, nearly reaching antennal sockets. Wings quite 
long, a subcostal vein to tip, a radius with branches ending at same 
place as subcosta; in fore-wings the radius has three oblique branches, 
running into subcosta, the first arising beyond middle of wing, the second 
before end of first, the third opposite end of second; in hind-wings 
there is also a cross-vein beyond the third branch. Antennz with six- 
teen joints; pronotum broader than long, corners rounded. 

Worker.—Pale whitish or yellowish. Antenne eleven or twelve- 
jointed. 


Several specimens from Kissimmee, Florida, in rotten wood. 


Termopsis laticeps n. sp. 


Soldier—Head bright red-brown, darkest in front; mandibles shin- 
ing black; pronotum reddish yellow; abdomen and legs pale yellowish; 
antennz yellowish brown. Similar in most respects to 7. angusticollis, 
but the head is much broader, especially behind, than in that species; 
the pronotum, however, is not broader, so that the head behind is twice 
as wide as the pronotum; antenne about twenty-two-jointed. 

Winged male.—Similar to T. angusticollis, but with a slightly broader 
head; the eyes much larger than in that species; their anterior edge 
reaching the antennal sockets. The costal margin of the wings is much 

paler than in 7. angusticollis, but the venation is similar to that species. 


Several from Florence and Douglas, Arizona, August (Snow 
and Biederman). | 


338 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS: [Nov., ’06 


Notes on the Habits of Cicindela. 
By RicuHarpD Moore, M. D., Rochester, N. Y. 


The following notes were made during a term of enforced 
idleness, and although these observations on the habits of 
Cicindela-repanda and purpurea may be common knowledge to 
most entomologists, I have never seen them in print and they 
may be new to some. 3 

Their habits were studied both in the field with the use of an 
opera glass, and while they were confined in a box with glass . 
sides. This cage was placed on a table and allowed the observya- 
tion of their actions to be made with the greatest ease. 

Besides the usual habitat of dirt roads, paths in grassy 
swards and bare places generally, C. purpurea was found in 
fields where the grass was short and sparse, with small open 
places the size of one’s hand. In such places they do not flush 
easily, and instead of flying when disturbed made their escape 
by running in and out of the grass, hiding under a tuft of 
grass, more like a carabid than a cicindelid. In the early 
spring, on hot days, they were found in numbers in such 
places, very lively and active. In August and September they 
were found only in roadways and lanes where the grass has 
been worn away by travel, disporting themselves more soberly 
than their spring brethren. They are strong fliers, but usually 
content themselves with short excursions, unless persistently 
pursued. When pursued they fly a few feet farther down the 
path, then alight; this will be repeated once or twice, but if 
still disturbed, they turn from the path and alight in the grass 
alongside of it. They are strong and rapid runners, and after 
dropping in the grass, run with great rapidity towards an 
Open space and either take flight immediately or lie crouched 
to the ground, ready to take wing if further disturbed. They 
are diurnal in habit, but in the early spring and summer, if the 
day was hot, they remained active until late in the evening 
and then retired for the night under a chip of wood or stone. 
In late summer and fall they were found on cloudy and cool 
days, in small burrows, dug at the foot of clayey banks or even 
in the sides of a wagon rut, lying in wait for any small insect ~ 
that may come near, rushing out at these, and, if making a cap- 


Nov., ’06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 339 


ture, retiring to the burrow to eat. These burrows were readily 
found, as the little pile of freshly dug pellets of earth betrayed 
the insects’ hiding place. Their gait, when undisturbed, is 
rather deliberate for members of this genus, they walk slowly, 
exploring their feeding ground with great thoroughness, mak- 
ing dashes at any small insect that comes within range of their 
vision. One that was watched, traversed a_lane twice in an 
hour without taking wing. The distance traveled was about 
one hundred and twenty feet, without counting the zig-zags 
from side to side, made in quartering the ground in search of 
food. | | 

In captivity they were voracious eaters, feeding on flies 
and other soft-bodied insects that were killed and placed 
in their cage. Eight or ten flies were none too much 
for a single beetle. They were particularly fond of 
ants, a small black variety being their favorite. C. pur- 
purea is the only Cicindela that was observed that would 
capture and eat ants, in fact they seemed to prefer them to any 
other food offered. They were able to see the ants at about 
four or five inches away; when seen the ant was rushed, bitten 
once and given a toss, as a terrier does when he catches a rat, 
rushed again and bitten, this being repeated until the ant 
showed little or no signs of life, when it was very deliberately 
chewed and swallowed. While hunting, they stand very high; 
when biting their prey they have a queer see-saw motion of 
their body, bobbing their head up and down and standing very 
high on their hind legs. When disturbed they squat instantly 
and remain motionless, if the danger becomes more threaten- 
ing, they spring into the air and take wing. That they have 
this power of springing into the air, and to which perhaps is 
due their ability to take wing so readily, is seen in those who 
from anchyloses of the elytra are unable to fly. One of these ~ 
deformed beetles that was under observation was able to jump 
clear from the ground a little over an inch. They may hiber- 
nate, as they were found late in October buried to the depth of 
eighteen inches very much alive. One that was kept in cap- 
tivity, captured late in the fall, was alive in its burrow at 
Christmas time. It died shortly afterwards, due probably to 
neglect to keep the earth in its cage moist. 


340 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. | [Nov., ’06 


Cicindela repanda was found everywhere during the summer. 
They began to make their appearance here the last of April or 
the first of May, in sandcuts, roadways and railroad cuttings. 
They were gregarious, one portion of the sandcut swarming 
with them and none to be found a hundred feet away. Later 
in the summer they were found on the shores of the lake and 
river, where every sandspit. was covered with them on a hot 
day. When flushed they flew but a short distance, then 
alighted; if persistent ptirsuit was made of an individual, it 
would fly some fifty or more feet before alighting, or what is 
more likely, would circle around the pursuer and alight at some 
distance behind him. The insect usually squats as closely to 
the ground as it can after alighting and remains motionless. If 
the pursuer remains absolutely stationary after the insect 
alights, in a short time, two or three minutes, it will raise up 
from its squatting position and begin to look for food, running 
rapidly, stopping every foot or so, zig-zagging so as to quarter 
the ground thoroughly. In only a small per cent. of those 
watched did they turn just as they alighted to face the pursuer. 
This manceuvre was more apt to occur if they were flying with 
the wind, and was probably to enable them to alight easily. 
Cicindela repanda stands very high on its feet in walking, rest- 
ing upon the outer joints of the tarsi. If disturbed it squats 
close to the ground ; if further frightened, jumps a little into the 
air, unfurls its wings and is away. They would usually flush 
when one is about four to six feet from them, especially if one 
is walking with the wind or his shadow is cast before him; if 
great care is taken in moving, walking very slowly and quietly, 
they did not take alarm until one approached within two feet 
or less. Their vision seems limited to four or six inches; a stick 
could be pointed towards them until it reached within seven 
inches, without frightening them, a further approach was apt 
to start them off. None were seen to take notice of insects 
that passed them at a further distance than four inches. In 
captivity they eat flies, preferably the ordinary house-fly. After 
seizing the fly they run a short distance with it before beginning 
to eat. During the time of eating they were very timid, run- 
ning if another beetle comes near them. It took one four or 


Nov., ’06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 341 


five minutes to devour a house-fly, and for several minutes after 
the fly had disappeared the beetle stood, chewing and chewing 
like a cow with a cud. Small beetles like a Bembidium for 
instance, when put in the cage, would be chased and bitten, but 
no harm done them. They seemed in mortal fear of ants, run- 
ning away from them and never offering to bite or chase them. 
They are very thirsty beings, those kept in captivity drank after 
every feeding; the first thing they did in the morning after 
emerging from their burrows was to drink, and also at various 
other times during the day. Their method of drinking is to 
seize a morsel of moist sand with their mandibles, and with the 
head thrown back hold it free from the ground and suck the 
water from it. If the sand was quite wet they would bury 
their jaws into it almost as deep as their eyes, with the 
mandibles spread far apart, and drink in that way. A saucer 
was sunk in the sand in the cage to imitate a pond; at no 
time was one seen to drink from it. As an experiment one 
of the beetles was placed in a separate cage where the sand 
in it had been baked dry, a small glass receptacle easy to drink 
from and full of water was put on the bottom of the cage, great 
care being taken that no water was spilled on the sand. The 
beetle did not drink from it, and died, probably from thirst. 

The males are very. amorous, copulating while in captivity 
almost constantly. The manner of accomplishing the copulatory 
act is as follows: The male seizes the female with his 
mandibles around the lower segment of the thorax, and thrust- 
ing out his penis, which is exceedingly long for the size of the 
insect, of a brown color and curved upwards, tries to coax 
open the female’s receptacle. If she is willing, this is a short pro- 
cess and the penis was thrust in with the utmost vigor its whole 
length. A few thrusts are followed by a period of rest, during 
which the penis is partially withdrawn. This period of rest is fol- 
lowed by another one of activity, to be again followed by a rest; 
this continues for about ten minutes, when the female makes 
her escape. When the female is not so:complacent, she thrusts 
the end of her abdomen down against the ground to prevent 
the entrance of the male organ. Then begins a series of 


342 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Nov., 06 


manceuvres on the part of the male; he hugs her more closely, 
and standing high on his hind legs, with his middle legs lifts 
her abdomen from the ground, which she is pressing all the 
time, coaxing with the end of his penis, endeavoring to effect 
an entrance. Usually he succeeds, though sometimes the female 
is adroit as well as obdurate, and after some minutes spent in 
this amorous struggle his passion is gone, and the female releases 
herself from his embrace. One of the beetles was more pas- 
sionate than his fellows, going without food, riding one female 
several hours, though unable to effect an entrance, and finally 
copulating with a dead female that lay in a corner of the cage. 
Each afternoon, about five o’clock on ordinary days, about 
seven when the weather was extremely warm, they would retire 
to a shallow burrow dug in the sand. This burrow was dug 
near the edge of some object, like a stone or small block of 
wood. In this burrow the beetle stayed until eight or nine in 
the morning, and on days that were extremely warm they would 
emerge somewhat earlier, but, as a rule, they were late risers. 
These burrows were made by loosening the sand with the 
mandibles, then pushing it back, first with the fore legs, then 
with the middle legs, and then with the hind legs. The legs 
are used alternately, all on one side, then all on the other side. 
These burrows were one-half to one inch deep and opened out 
at the bottom into a chamber about one-half inch in diameter, 
enabling the beetle to turn around at the bottom of the burrow 
and face the entrance. Sometimes the burrow was made larger 
and two or more inhabited it. On rainy or cold days the 
beetles remained in their burrows. During one rainy spell they 
kept hidden for three days, then emerged as lively as ever. 
There was frequently observed certain actions of the insects 
confined in the cage, which simulated play. These same actions 
were observed twice in the late summer among some beetles 
that crowded a little sandspit on the banks of the river. This 
play, if it can be called such, consisted in a cicindelid rushing 
at a fellow, either snapping at him with his mandibles or merely 
bumping against him and then running off, when the jostled 
one would give chase and they would run around the cage 
after one another. Sometimes a beetle would jostle another 


Nov., 06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 343 


several times before the jostled one would give chase. While 
watching them do this one was reminded of boys at play. 

In captivity they lived about two months; towards the end 
they became cripples, legs and antenne were lost, the struggle 
for existence became more arduous and they finally succumbed. 

Twice I had the good fortune to see C. repanda ovipositing. 
The female, after several attempts, succeeded in forcing the end 
of the abdomen, or an extruded portion which acted as an 
Ovipositor, through the hard crust of sand. The hind legs were | 
wide apart, the middle and front legs were extended to their 
full extent, just touching the ground. Her position was that 
of sitting on the end of the abdomen. The act lasted about 
ten minutes, and during that time she showed no alarm at a 
stick pointed at and almost touching her. How many eggs 
were laid was not ascertained. Two eggs were obtained, one 
was a straw-yellow, the other a pearl-gray. The yellow one 
was 0.50 mm. wide, 0.78 mm. long, the gray one 0.45 mm. wide, 
0.75 mm. long. Their shape was a short oval, with corrugated 
surface of a triangular pattern. At one pole there was a well- 
defined ridge, above which the egg was flattened and slightly 
lower than the surrounding portion of the egg. They were held 
together and also adhered to the sand by a few adhesive -fila- 
ments, 


A new Corethrella from Jamaica. 
By M. GraBHAM. 
Corethrella appendiculata n. sp. 


Female——Head black, covered sparingly with very small yellow hairs; 
a few long yellow hairs along the borders above the eyes. Eyes black, 
kidney-shaped. Proboscis and palpi yellow. Antenna: basal joint 
nearly globular, a few fine golden hairs on its upper surface and around 
the point of articulation of the second joint there is a sculptured radiat- 
ing pattern; second joint densely covered with hairs; each of the fol- 
lowing joints except the apical one has a band of long hairs above the 
middle, as well as the longer basal verticel; apical joint narrow, longer 
than the penultimate. Mesothorax black, with many fine yellow hairs 
on its surface as well as a few long black ones, Scutellum narrow, with 
a few long yellow hairs on its border. Metathorax black, nude. Abdo- 
men densely covered with long golden-yellow hairs. Venter black. 

Wings pale yellow, densely scaled with hair-like scales on the veins; 
outer and inner margins with a heavy fringe of coarse, long scales. A 


344 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Nov., 06 


broad curved dark band across each wing beyond the middle, including 
a portion of the fringe but broken by the absence of dark scales on the 
third long vein. The band is darkest on the costal and first long veins. 
There is also a triangular dark area with its base on the lower quarter 
of the costal vein and its apex on the fourth long vein. The space be- 
tween these two dark areas is of a richer golden-yellow than the rest of 
the wing. A small black spot at the extreme base of the wing near the 
origin of the long veins. Halteres pale yellow. Legs black, very hairy, 
with apical bands of bright yelow hairs on all the joints. Many yellow 
hairs interspread with the black ones, especially on the feet. Femora 
slightly swollen. Ungues much curved, simple and equal. 

Male.—Antennze pale yellow; basal and second joints as in the 
female; all the following joints, including the swollen terminal one, 
' with well-developed. basal verticels of long hairs; there are also many 
long fine hairs arising along each joint; on the last three joints these 
are much shorter. Ungues equal and simple. Length: One and one- 
half mm. 

Adult larva.—Head pale yellow, compressed antero-posteriorly. An- 
tennz inserted close together at the front of the head, folded back and 
hidden along the anterior border, only the three apical spines projecting 
forward; apical spines slender, curved, the longest nearly half as long 
as the shaft, the other two slightly shorter; inserted with them a short 
comb-like appendage. Spines of the lateral sclerite about fifteen, stout, 
not inserted upon a ridge, the larger obsoletely serrate along their con- 


CORETHRELLA APPENDICULATA (larva). 
1.—Labium. 
2.—Process from appendage of 9th segment. 


cave borders. Labium with thirteen teeth; the outermost pair very 
small, the next four pairs progressively larger; central tooth as long 
as the longest of this series; tooth on each side of the central one only 
half its length. Mandibles with seven stout teeth, the two innermost 
largest. Thorax and abdomen glabrous; colored a pale purple, rather 
darker laterally. Eighth and ninth segments not olpniieed Thorax 
elliptical, broader than the head. First abdominal segment very short, 
second widest, seventh and eighth segments much attenuated. Three 
large simple setz on each side of the two first abdominal segments; 
a pair on each of the following to the seventh, which has no long 
lateral sete. A stout subventral hair on each segment from the third 
to the sixth, arising near the posterior border. Subdorsal hairs appar- 
ently absent. A group of several stout branched hairs at the posterior 
lateral border of the eighth segment. Tube stout, compressed, about 
half as long again as wide; a pair of branched hairs at the back below 
the middle, not reaching to the top of the tube; at the posterior aspect 
of the summit there is a small simple straight hair on each side; in front 
of this nearer the side is a stout spine, arising from a prominent 
tubercle, and curved inwards at its apex; a little in front of this again 
a large pyramidal tubercle with a thorn-like apex and a conspicuous 
black pigment spot near the top, it has also a long and stout subapical 


Nov., ’06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 345 


spine which curves outwards at its point. Ninth segment strongly 
curved downwards; the dorsal tuft of two pairs of very long double 
setz rather widely separated; a little lateral to these a single long stout 
spine arises from a prominent tubercle on each side. Ventral tuft of 
four pairs of long simple sete arising close together. Anal gills 
four, fleshy, equal, shortly subconical with rounded apices. Between the 
ventral tuft and the lower pair of anal gills there is a small lateral 
prominence on each side bearing four blade-like plates serrated along 
their anterior borders with a number of progressively larger recurved 
serrations, and with two much longer pointed processes near their 
bases. 

Note on the pupa—Pale purple in color; thorax and abdomen in the 
same straight line; floating vertically when at rest at the surface of 
the water. Each pointed process on the terminal segment has two short 
spines at the apex, one-half the length of the other; there is another 
short spine on the outer border at the apical third. Penultimate seg- 
ment with one small lateral hair; antepenultimate segment with four 


short lateral hairs on each side. Lateral margin serrate, devoid of a 
fringe. 


Type No. 9960, U. S. N. M. 

Notes on the habits——A few larve were found in a hollow 
tree in Kingston, Jamaica, about the middle of May, 1906. No 
young larve were found. The water was brown and thick, 
and contained numerous minute crustaceans, upon which they 
feed. Observed in a breeding jar they only occasionally came 
to the surface and then lay horizontally like anopheline larve. 
Usually they remained at the bottom and displayed marked 
activity, the head and anterior part of the body being now and 
then rapidly jerked from side to side in their efforts to capture 
crustaceans. No visible movements, creating currents such as 
are seen in many culicid larve in the organs surrounding the 
mouth, were noticed. The hinder part of the body was ap- 
parently kept anchored by the appendages on the terminal 
segment. The larva were often seen to suspend themselves by 
these appendages to the side of the jar. When disturbed they 
wriggled with quick lateral movements in a backward direc- 
tion; this appeared to be their normal method of progression. 
They differ from the larve of C. brakeleyi in the different shape 
of the head and arrangement of sete and in the absence of the 
chitinous plates on the seventh and eighth segments. The 
pupa stage lasted about three weeks. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 


[The Conductors of ENTOMOLOGICAL News solicit and will thankfully receive items 
of news likely to interest its readers from any source. The author’s name will be given 
in each case, for the information of cataloguers and bibliographers.] 


To Contributors.—All contributions will be considered and passed upon at our 
earliest convenience, and, as far as may be, will be published according to date of recep- 
tion. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEws has reached a circulation, both in numbers and circumfer- 
ence, as to make it necessary to put “‘ copy ” into the hands of the printer, for each num- 
ber, three weeks before date of issue. This should be remembered in sending special or 
important matter for a certain issue. Twenty-five “‘ extras,” without change in form, 
will be given free, when they are wanted ; and this should be so stated on the MS., along 
with the number desired. The receipt of all papers will be acknowledged.—Ep. 


PHILADELPHIA, PA., NOVEMBER, 1906. 


The great value of the study of entomology from an 
economic standpoint, not only in relation to agriculture and 
horticulture but in regard to many products useful to man, 
makes it a pursuit of the utmost importance. The silk and 
honey industries may be particularly mentioned as heing of 
much interest and value, and bring in a large revenue, and 
produce both apparel and food. While much has been 
accomplished in advancing knowledge of insects as carriers 
of disease-producing organisms, this study is probably only 
in its infancy, and while this knowledge is of incalculable 
benefit there is much more to be learned. The value of 
products annually destroyed by insects in the United States 
has been placed as high as $1,000,000,000. In view of all 
this it is probable we do not as individuals do as much as we 
should to create an interest in this subject among the masses 
of the people, and try and enlighten them in regard to simple 
truths. It sounds very curious for an otherwise intelligent 
person to say that the house-flies come down from the sky 
with the spring rains. Still another individual said that 
mosquito eggs were laid by house-flies. An officer of the 
State Board of Health of Pennsylvania thought that Balaninus 
proboscotdeus, the beetle produced from the chestnut worm was 
poisonous and capable of harming human beings by means of 
jts long proboscis. Is there not some means by which we can 
do more to enlighten the public and advance the interests of 


entomology ? 
346 


Nov., ’06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 347 


Notes and News. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL GLEANINGS FROM ALL QUARTERS 
OF THE GLOBE. 


The Association of Official Entomologists of the Cotton Belt will meet 
at Baton Rouge, Louisiana, November 13th and 14th. Members of the 
Association of Economic Entomologists, as well as others who may be 
interested in entomological work in the South are cordially invited to 
attend and participate in the meetings. Interesting and valuable papers 
will be read. 


AN APPEAL FOR INSTANT Atp.—The last installment of manuscript of 
the Odonate part of the Biologia Centrali- Americana will be forwarded 
to the printer within a few weeks. The immediate loan of any Odonata 
from any point in Mexico or Central America wiil be greatly appreciated. 
Please send such material to me at the Academy of Natural Sciences, 
Logan Square, Philadelphia, Pa. I will pay the cost of transportation.— 
PHILIP P. CALVERT. 


Mypas Futvirrons Itiicer.—Mydas fulvifrons at last has a female. 
The male has been known since 1802, when Illiger described it from 
Georgia. In later years it was also recorded from Florida. It hap- 
pened that Osten Sacken described a female Mydas from Texas in 
1874, under the name of chrysostoma. Mr. Chas. W. Johnson has 
taken both “species” at Sea Isle City, N. J., and Anglesea, N. J. The 
male of chrysostoma, as well as the female of fulvifrons, travelled. 
incognito until now, and alas, the secret is out. Mydas fulvifrons 3 
and M. chrysostoma 2 are one. I have taken them in coitu at Stone 
Harbor, N. J., July 20th, 1906, and Miss M. chrysostoma should hence- 
forth be Mrs. Mydas fulvifrons—Ericu DAECKE. 


RHOPALOCERA IN THE VICINITY oF Pr. ARENA, MENpDOcCINO CouUNTY, 
Cat.—While camping in a canyon in Mendocino County, near Pt. 
Arena, during the months of July and August, I had a good chance to 
collect most of the species of Rhopalocera found there. This canyon is 
about a hundred miles northwest of San Francisco. The stream which 
runs through it empties directly into the Pacific. Along the coast the 
country is rather level, becoming hilly and mountainous farther up 
stream. Most of this coast land is cultivated, and there are almost no 
trees except a few pines on the hilltops. It was among these pines, 
where wild violets were plentiful, that Brenthis epithore was found. 

The canyon proper begins about four miles back from the ocean. Its 
sides were covered with underbrush, including several species of Rubus 
and many ferns. Redwoods, tan-bark oaks (Quercus densiflora), alders, 
bay trees, elders, wild lilacs (Ceanothus thyrsiflorus), etc., were found 
here. At one spot in the canyon there is an abandoned tie-camp, 


348 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Nov., ’06- 


around which thistles and nettles grew abundantly. Graptas were 
found around the nettles, and most of the other butterflies were found 
on the thistles, especially on a species which blossomed late in August. 


W. J. Holland (“The Butterfly Book,” 1898) says that Pyrameis 


huntera “ranges from Nova Scotia to Mexico east of the Sierras.” W. 
G. Wright (“Butterflies of the West Coast,” 1905) states that “huntera 
flies over the whole of the United States,” but he also says that “it is 


very wary, and not easily caught.” I found huntera on the last men- = 


tioned species of thistle and it was very easily caught. 

The following is a list of the Rhopalocera collected either in the 
canyon or in the nearby fields: 
' Anosia plexippus Linn; Argynnis coronis Behr; Brenthis epithore 
Boisd; Melitaea chalcedon Dbl. & Hew; Phyciodes mylitta Edw; 


P. pratensis Behr; Grapta satyrus Edw; G. satyrus var. marsyas Edw; 


Vanessa californica Boisd; Pyrameis atalanta Linn; P. huntera Fabr; 
P. cardui Linn; P. caryae Hiitbn; Junonia coenia Hiibn; Basilarchia 
lorquini Boisd; Adelpha californica Butl; Coenonympha california Dbl. 
& Hew; Thecla grunus Boisd; Chrysophanus helloides Boisd; Lycaena 
acmon Dbl. & Hew; Pieris napi, var. pallida Scudd; P. rapae Linn; 
Anthocharis sara, var. flora Wright; Colias eurydice Boisd; C. keeway- 
din Edw; Papilio rutulus Boisd; P. eurymedon Boisd; Pyrgus tessel- 
. lata; P. montivagus Reakirt—Ervau J. Newcomer, Palo Alto, Cal. 


Tue Kansas UNIversity CoLLecTion.—Stored in the topmost story 
of the new Natural History Museum building, where it is almost 
invariably overlooked by the casual visitor, is the entomological col- 
lection of the University of Kansas. Here 200,000 specimens, repre- 
senting more than 21,000 species, are carefully preserved and neatly 
classified in the fifteen cabinets especially arranged for them, all col- 
lected somewhere in the United States. 

Dr. F. H. Snow, the curator, has estimated the value of the collec- 
tion at $50,000, but it probably could not be anywhere near replaced for 
that sum. The beetle collection is especially fine. 

Valuable as the collection is, it has cost the State of Kansas hardly 
a fraction of its real value, as it represents the work of Dr. Snow, who 
started and has fostered the collection in all the forty years he has 
been with the university. In early days, when the university was small 
and had no money to spend on scientific expeditions of any kind, the 
collection was started by Dr. Snow, who made the collecting trips 
entirely at his own expense, roughing it just the same as a prospector 
would do, but always bringing back several thousand specimens to add 
to the university collection. In all he has made twenty-four such col- 
lecting trips, but of late years the expenses have been paid by the 
university. 

Dr. Snow is generaly accompanied on these expeditions by students 
in the entomological department, who wish to get the practical experi- 


ae A Se 


Nov., ’06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 349 


ence in collecting and classifying specimens. Only the barest necessi- 
ties of life are taken along. 

_ All the many thousand specimens in the University of Kansas col- 
lection have not been the direct result of Dr. Snow’s expeditions. Some 
have been obtained by trading duplicate specimens. Especially is this 
true in the beetle collection. In one of his earliest expeditions in Logan 
County in the summer of 1877, Dr. Snow made a genuine find, a giant 
tiger beetle, Amblycheila cylindriformis,.then an extremely rare species 
and valued at $25. Early in the morning was the best time to capture 
these valuable specimens, so every day the entire party would be up 
before sunrise and off to the haunts of the tiger beetle at the foot of 
some cliffs nearby. Down on their hands and knees they would go and 
the active search for the $25 specimens would begin. : 

In all a thousand specimens were obtained of this valuable beetle, 
and it was by trading these that the foundation of the beetle collection 
was made. Twenty-five dollars’ worth of the insects for each giant tiger 
beetle soon caused the collection to swell wonderfully in proportions, 
but in time the market became flooded with the beetles and their 
value depreciated accordingly. 


NAMEs oF CoLEorTERA.—I am greatly indebted to Mr. E. Bergroth for 
some corrections to my paper in the September News. Helopeltis 
Horn, is Helobata Bergroth, Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr., 1888, p. 222, and 
our species will be Helobata larvalis. Ino. Lap. is Inoplectus Smith, 
1851. Our species will be Inoplectus reclusus (Lec.) and I. immundus 
(Reit). Drapetes Redt. stands as Drapetes Meg. “is not a published 
name.” Wollastoniella was used by Reuter in Hemiptera in 1884 (it is 
not in the Index Zoologicus); Wollastonia Horn may become Para- 
hornia n. n.; type Parahornia quercicola (Boh.). 

A few misprints are confusing enough to be worth correcting: p. 240, 
for Diplochelia read Diplocheila; p. 244, for Amblychelia read Ambly- 
cheila; for month, read Montf.; for 2 and9 read Q. and G. (Quoy and 
Gaimard).—T. D. A. CocKEreELt. 


A Few Corrections.—‘On some new species of Geometrid Moths 
from Arizona and California,” described by Rev. George W. Taylor in 
the June issue of the ENromotocicaL News, Vol. xvii, No. 6, the follow- 
ing errors in spelling should be corrected: Page 188, description 1, 
should read Melemaea instead of Melemaca virgata, according to the 
original description by Mr. Hulst in the “Trans Am. Ent. Soc.,” xxiii, 
September, 1896, page 340. 

Description No. 5, page 190, should read Euemera instead of 
Enemera simularia, as both Mr. Dyar and Mr. Smith are incorrect 
according to the original descriptions by Mr. Hulst in the “Trans. Am. 
Ent. Soc.,” Vol. xxiii, page 368.—Lours W. Swertr. 


350 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ Nov., ’06 


Some ARACHNIDA FROM WASHINGTON STATE.—Among a small num- 
ber of Arachnida collected by me in the vicinity of Seattle I think it 
worth recording the following species, as I believe most of them are 
hitherto known only from more southern or eastern localities: Philaeus 
militaris Hentz; Cybaeus reticulatus Sim; Amaurobis pictus Sim; 
Theridium sexpunctatum Em; Lepthyphautes arcuatus Keys; Ideobis- 
ium theveneti Sim. They have kindly been determined. by Mr. N. 
Banks.—E. BErGRorTH. 


CorRRECTIONS VOL. XVII. 
Page 302, line 18—waldonii to waldenii. 
“ «e  «*-38—insert ‘‘area’’ between ‘‘ punctate”’ and “‘at.”’ 


‘« 303, ‘“‘ 3—culbitus to cubitus. 
“7, 19, 26, 30, 35—waldonii to waldenii and Waidout to 
Walden. 


I2—say to Say. 

“  **  -26—etoid to third. 

33—evregia to egregia. 

13, 37, 43—waldonii to waldenii and Waldon to Walden. 
18—transient to trenchant. 


304, 


TENACITY OF ACANTHIA LeEcTULARIA Linn.—In 1902 I bought a 
new willow rocking chair from a Cincinnati furniture dealer. It had 


arms made of plaited willow; whenever I sat in this chair, with shirt — 


sleeves rolled up, my right arm, which rested on the chair arm, 
would be bitten and swollen. I soon came to the conclusion there 
was “something doing” in the arm of the chair, so I laid it over a 
large sheet of paper and poured gasoline over it. Out of the arm 
of the chair I jarred 150 (actual count) fiendish “bed bugs.” This was 
the same year I bought the chair. Since then, every summer, there 
have been bugs in that chair. I have poured boiling water over it, and 
drenched it with gasoline, but enough eggs have always escaped destruc- 
tion to keep things going. I am ready to present this Hemiptera incu- 
bator to any Hemipterist who will take it. 
—Cuartes Dury, Cincinnati, Ohio. 


On the night of September 20th my wife was greatly annoyed by the 
persistency and ferocity of a mosquito, and was obliged to get up and 
apply oil of citronella to be able to sleep. In the morning the mosquito 
was located in the room, but efforts to catch it failed, as it few when- 
ever approach, and a net was not at hand. When I returned in the 
evening my wife said she had succeeded in getting it into a cyanide tube. 
I did not know the species at sight and a table for determination I con- 
sulted did not list it. Finally, I found it to be Janthinosoma musica 
Say. I imagine the second story of a house in the heart of a large 
city (Philadelphia) where there is nothing but bricks and mortar and 
paved streets for miles is a rather unusual place for this species.— 
Henry SKINNER, 


Nov., ’06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 351 


PLATHEMIS SUBORNATA (Odonata).—Among some dragonflies recently 
received from Ernest Oslar are specimens of the above species. Refer- 
ences to this species are rare; in fact in addition to Hagen’s notes, I 
know of only one other, a passing reference by Ris,* excepting, of 
course, its occurrence in catalogues (Kirby and Banks). For this reason 


a brief note on characters and distribu- 
tion as shown by Oslar’s material may 
not be out of place. In fully adult 
. males the wing coloration, by the in- 


LIB DEPRESSA PLA LYDIA . : 
crease in density of color between the 
two wing bands, becomes almost indis- 


tinguishable from Plathemtis lydia. The 
most reliable character I have found for 
separating the two species in such a 


P SUBORNATA P SUBORNATA case is the form of the bifid ventral tu- 
bercle on the first abdominal segment, as shown in the accompanying 
figures. As shown, subornata is somewhat variable, but can never be 
mistaken for Zydia. I cannot detect any structural character for separa- 
ting the females of the two species. Other characters separating them 
are: subornata, 9, abdominal segments 9 and 10 largely black ; 5-8 with 
lateral spots continuing the direction of spots anterior to them, not 
lowered to the lateral carina; antehumeral stripe or vestiges present ; 
wing apices not dark; /ydia, 9, abdominal segments 9 and to largely 
pale brown; 5-8 with lateral spots touching lateral carina, not in line 
with spots anterior to them; antehumeral stripe wanting ; wing apices 
dark. 

One 9, Albuquerque, New Mexico, July, 21, 1902, is like /ydza in all 
characters, excepting that the wings lack the apical dark area. This 
specimen lacks any hint of the second or distal wing band present in saé- 
ornata. In fact its wing markings rather suggest Libe//ula forensis. I 
regard it, however, as certainly Ydia. Another 92 of dydia (Albuquer- 
que, New Mexico) has a trace of a subapical brown spot behind the 
stigma, as in swbornata. This gives each wing 4spots. Oslar’s collect- 
ing contains specimens from the following localities :—subornata: Albu- 
querque, New Mexico, July 17, 1902, and without date labels ; Gallinas 
Canon, New Mexico, July 23, 1902; Rio Grande, New Mexico, July 12, 
1902, and without date labels ; Pagosa Springs, Colorado, June 30, 1899 ; 
Berkeley Lake, Colorado, June 15, 1898, and without date labels ; /ydza: 
Albuquerque, New Mexico, July 17, 21 and 27, 1902; Rio Grande, New 
Mexico, July 12 and 27, 1902, and without date labels; Arroyo, Pecos 
River, New Mexico, July 12 and 17, 1902, and without date labels ; Berke- 
ley Lake, Colorado, June 15 and 30, 1898, and July 23, tgo1 ; Sloans 
Lake, Denver, Colorado, June 1, 1898.—E. B. WILLIAMSON. 


* And Needham and Cockerell, Psyche, 1903, p. 135. After writing the above I notice 
that Dr, Calvert has made use of the same characters of the bifid tubercle in treating of 
subornata in Biol. Centr.-Amer. Neur. p. 205, Oct., 1905. 


352 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Nov., 06 


On the Formation of an Entomological Society of 
America. 
To ALL INTERESTED IN ENTOMOLOGY. 


The initial meeting of The Entomological Society of 
America will be held in New York City in connection with the 
mid-winter meetings of the American Association for the Ad- 
vancement of Science. 

This society has been organized to meet the need of a 
national entomological society, which shall represent all de- 
partments of entomology, and which shall hold a place in 
American entomology similar to that held in their respective 
countries by the great foreign entomological societies. 

It is hoped that this movement will have the co-operation 
of all of the existing entomological societies in this country, 
and that it will in no way interfere with the success of any of 
them. It is believed that a strong national society, which shall 
bring together workers in all fields of entomology, will tend 
to broaden the interests of each, and to strengthen the more 
special or local societies. . 


The amount of entomological work that is being deni’ in 


the United States and Canada is great compared with what is 


being done in any other country; it is fitting, therefore, that the 


workers in this field should be united in a national society. 

On another page there is given the report of the Committee 
on Organization, and an invitation is hereby extended to 
every one interested in entomology to join the society. Ap- 


plications for membership may be addressed to a HH. Com- 


stock, Ithaca, New York. 


THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA. 


A meeting of the committee to organize a national ento- 
-mological society, for which provision was made at the Phila- 
delphia meeting of the Entomological Club of the A. A. A. S., 
was held June 28, 1906, in the entomological laboratory of 
Cornell University. The New York Entomological Society 
was represented by Mr. Carl Schaeffer; the Chicago Entomo- 


oe oe? oe Be 


~ fr 


oF 2 


a ° 
a ae aoe YF Pe 


Nov., ’06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 353 


logical Society, by Dr. James G. Needham; the Jugate (the 
Ithaca Society), by Professor J. H. Comstock; the Newark 
Entomological Society, by Mr. J. A. Grossbeck; the Entomo- 
logical Society of Ontario, by Rev. Professor C. J. S. Bethune, 
and the American Entomological Society, by Mr. J. Chester 
Bradley. At an adjourned meeting the Washington Entomo- 
logical Society was represented by Mr. E. S. G. Titus. 

The committee was organized by the appointment of Pro- 
fessor Comstock as chairman, and Mr. Bradley as secretary. 

The Secretary then stated in brief the history of the pres- 
ent movement for the organization of a national entomological 
society. The parts of Mr. Lyman’s two presidential addresses 
dealing with the organization of an entomological union were 
read and discussed. Discussion then followed as to the pur- 
poses for which such a society should exist and as to whether 
there was need for one. The opinion that there was such a 
need seemed to prevail, but it was urged that if the society 
be formed it should be based on broad and comprehensive 
grounds. It was then moved that it is the sense of this com- 
mittee that the organization of a national entomological society 
is desirable. Every member in turn was called upon for an 
expression of opinion, and every one spoke in favor of the 
organization ; but it was the feeling of the committee that the 
success of such a society would depend on the securing of 
co-operation of other societies like the Association of Economic 
Entomologists and the Entomological Club of the A. A. A. S. 

It was suggested that provision might advantageously be 
made for committees on policy, as on education, on legislation, 
on museum methods, and on nomenclature. 

Strong opposition was made to the formation of any inde- 
pendent code for entomologists; but it was believed that a 
committee on nomenclature might have legitimate ground for 
existence in voicing the peculiar needs of entomology in mat- 
ters of nomenclature and in securing their adequate repre- 
sentation in the International Zoological Congress. 

A sub-committee was appointed to draft a Constitution and 
By-Laws, which should embody the decisions reached by the 
committee, and to report them at an adjourned meeting. 


354 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Nov., 06 


The committee then discussed membership, dues, officers, 
elections and other matters. The decisions concerning these 
were subsequently embodied in the Constitution and By-Laws. 
The committee then adjourned until the folowing day. 

At an adjourned meeting, held June 29, 1906, the report of 
the Sub-Committee on Constitution and By-Laws was read 
and discussed. After the making of some changes the report 
was adopted, and the sub-committee was authorized to pre- 
pare and have printed a report of the committee, together with 
the Constitution and By-Laws, and to send them, with an invita- 
tion to be present at the initial meeting of the society, to every 
entomologist in the country whose address could be learned, 
and to have them published in the entomological journals. The 
sub-committee was also authorized to call an initial meeting 
in New York City in connection with the midwinter meetings 
of the A. A. A. S., to make arrangements for that meeting, 
and to transact seek other business as may be necessary. 

At a second adjourned meeting, held June 30, 1906, it was 
decided to apply at once for affiliation with the American Asso- 
ciation for the Advancement of Science, and such application 
was subsequently made. | 

J. CHESTER BRADLEY, Secretary. 


<i 


~The Entomological Society of America. ; 
CONSTITUTION. 


ARTICLE I. 
NAME. 


SECTION 1.—This organization shall be known as THE 
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA. 


ARTICLE II. 
OBJECTS. 

SECTION 1I.—It shall be the purpose of this society to pro- 
mote the science of entomology in all its branches, to secure 
co-operation in all measures tending to that end, and to facili- 
tate personal intercourse between entomologists. 


Pm i 


rn SR ee Pe ae 


Nov., ’06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 355 


ARTICLE III. 
MEMBERSHIP. 


SEcTION 1.—The active membership of this society shall 
consist of two classes: members and fellows. 

Sec. 2.—All persons interested in entomology shall be 
eligible to membership. 

Sec. 3—Members who have contributed to the science of 
entomology in some important way may be elected fellows of 
the society. The number of fellows shall not exceed fifty at 
any time. 

ARTICLE IV, 
OFFICERS. 


Section 1—The officers of the society shall be a President, 
two Vice-Presidents and a Secretary-Treasurer. The duty of 
these officers shall be those usually pertaining to their respec- 
tive offices. 

Sec. 2—The business of the society not otherwise pro- 
vided for shall be in the hands of an Executive Committee, 
consisting of the officers named in Section 1, and six addi- 
tional members, who shall be elected by the society. Four 
members of the committee shall constitute a quorum. 

-Sec. 3.—The President shall represent the society upon 
the Council of the American Association for the Advancement 
of Science.* 

Sec. 3.—All officers shall be elected by ballot at the annual 
meeting, for a term of one year, and shall be eligible for re- 
election. 

ARTICLE V. 
ELECTIONS. 


SECTION 1.—Election of Members. Nominations for mem- 
bership may be made by any two members, and election shall 
be by Executive Committee. 

Sec. 2.—Election of Fellows. All nominations for fellows 
shall be signed by three or more members or fellows, and each 
nomination shall be accompanied by the following information 


*This section was adopted provisionally ; it is to be included if 
affiliation with A. A. A. S. be granted. 


356 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Nov., ’06 


concerning the nominee: name, address, occupation, branches 
of entomology engaged in, positions held involving entomologi- 
cal experience, entomological work done, and list of publica- 
tions. | 
Election shall be by ballot at the annual meeting, upon 
nominations approved by the Executive Committee. Ballot 
may also be taken upon such other nominations, previously sent 
to the Executive Committee, as may be demanded by any five 
members or fellows. All elections of fellows shall require a 
two-thirds vote of the members present. 


ARTICLE VI. 
MEETINGS. 


SECTION I.—An annual meeting shall be held at such time 
and place as the Executive Committee each year may select. 


ARTICLE VII. 

AMENDMENTS. ieee 

SECTION 1.—This Constitution may be altered or amended at 

any annual meeting by a two-thirds vote of the members pres- 

ent, a copy of each amendment proposed having been sent to 

members and fellows at least one month in advance of the 
meeting. 


BY-LAWS. 

1. The annual dues for members and fellows shall be on 
dollar. coda 

2. A majority of the members present at an annual meeting 
shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business. 

3. Notice of all meetings of the society shall be sent to 
members at least one month in advance. 

4. The Executive Committee shall provide a program for 
all meetings, including, at the annual meeting, a popular lec- 
ture, and a technical entomological exhibit of material and 
methods. : 

5. The time of the business meeting shall be published prior 
to the opening session of the annual meeting. 


‘nl he ee wa ee en 


ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION 


ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA. 


VoL. XVII. DECEMBER, 1906. No. to. 
CONTENTS: 
Miller—Some notes on the Dragonflies Girault—The method of feeding in Lep- 

DMB VVALETIOO, LOW oe oe ccc ccccccces 357 tog oeeii« 43.5520 8 kd cad eeaeees 382 
Sanderson—Texas Notes—Ill ......... 361 | Van Duzee—New North American 
Rehn—Conocephalus lyristes.......... 366 Fleteromhere hi intsiday ic baade ieee ss 384 
Davis—Number of eggs of Samia ce- Jones—A new Cuterebra from Nebraska 391 

wg roe Pulvinaria innumerabilis, . Fall—A new Platycerus and a new Ple- 
MOU TPOTIS. occ c ccc neccsrees 368 OCOWMMEA we seiss aaitemee sane dca em <n ds 393 
Meland er—Some new or little-known Soule—Notes on Moths..............-- 395 
genera of Empididae ......... ...- ah0 | EGitoriad Geiing cic. soe ne bes amas seeks 398 
Skinner—A new variety of Papilio ru- Notes and: N@ws) .......seccscenspevess 399 
SIMEON G66 go sain sas’ ok oc cc seed e's 379 | Entomological Literature ............- 400 
Skinner—A new Syntomeida.......... 379. |) Doings Gf Societies o's siiioe ieee ds foes $e 403 
Weber—The song of the Mosquito .... 380 


Some notes on the Dragonflies of Waterloo, - Iowa. 
By NEWTON MILLER, Thorntown, Iowa. 

Waterloo is situated in the northeastern part of Iowa on the 
Red Cedar River. This region in general is level and dotted 
with ponds and sloughs. One of these sloughs extends along 
the northern edge of Waterloo around in a northwesterly 


_ direction for about a half mile, with a maximum width of 


about 175 or 200 yards. Its southern end communicates with 
the river, and its northern end terminates in more or less iso- 
lated ponds which extend almost to the river. During high 
water a large quantity of water from the river finds its way 
through this slough. Entering the slough, near town from 
the east, is a small stream six or eight feet wide. In and 
about this slough is a rank growth of wild rice, flags, cattails 
and smaller species. Around the northern end is a grove of 
small trees. 

Such conditions are typical of a great number of places 
within a radius of a few miles of Waterloo. ‘Those farther 
away from the river have in most cases no trees about them. 

Red Cedar River, where it flows through Waterloo, is about 
75 yards wide and is shallow for a river of its width. In the 


357 


358 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Dec., ’06 


vicinity of Waterloo its banks usually have an abundance of 
willows, while its course is narrowly margined by small timber. 
Dragonflies were very scarce along the river, but I was told 
they became abundant later in the summer. 

South of Waterloo is Elk Run, a small stream some 20 to 
30 feet wide, which empties into Red Cedar River about six 
miles below the town. Some trees grow along its course, and 
my collection along it was made in an open woods. Its bed is 
composed mostly of sand. 

A short distance to the northeast of the mouth of Elk Run 
is a slough that has no trees or shrubs about it. This slough 
is in a pasture tract of land and the cattle keep the vegetation — 
well eaten off, especially during the dry summer months, when 
a large portion of the slough goes dry leaving only a string of 
isolated ponds. 

The dragonfly season did not open in the locality of Water- 
loo until after June 1st. However, a very few specimens of 
Anax junius and /schnura verticalis were seen as early as May 
20th. By the time dragonflies began to fly I had only one day 
and parts of two more to devote to the collection of Odonata. — 
There had been four consecutive warm days previous to June 
7th, on the afternoon of which I made my first collection. 
This hot, clear afternoon I collected about the slough north 
of Waterloo, especially that portion near the edge of town. 
Seventy-eight specimens were taken. The next morning, June 
8th, which was hot and clear, I collected about the northern. 
portion of the same slough, taking between 170 and 180 speci- 
mens. 

The following day collections were made along Elk Run in 
the morning and about the slough near the mouth of Elk Run 
in the afternoon. The morning for the most part was clear, 
but shortly before noon it clouded up and by 2.30 o’clock it 
was so cloudy and windy that I had to give up my collecting. 
The high winds of this region are no little handicap to the 
insect collector. The result of my morning’s work along Elk 
Run was more than 120 specimens. Calopteryx equabilis was 
abundant along the banks in shady places. Those taken in 
the afternoon around the slough were for the most part small 


Dec., ’06 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 5 
’ 


species which had taken shelter in the grass from the wind and 
which I bagged by walking against the wind, dragging my 
net through the grass. Jschnura verticalis, Nehalennia trene 
and Exallagma hagent were abundant here. 
__ Many of my specimens are tenerals, which were very abund- 
ant around the sloughs. The rapidity with which three or 
four warm days were bringing out the dragonflies would indi- 
cate that these sloughs would be teeming with dragonfly life 
in a week or so of warm weather. 

The following is a list of the species of my collection as 
determined by Mr. E. B. Williamson: 

Calopteryx maculata Beauvois. Nine males, seven females, 
open woods along Elk Run; quite abundant. 

Calopteryx equabilis Say. ‘Twenty-five males, 23 females ; 
open woods along Elk Run in shady places. ‘These 48 speci- 
mens were taken in less than two hours. 

Hleterina americana Fabricius. One male from the slough 
near the mouth of Elk Run. 

Lestes unguiculatus Hagen. ‘Ten males, nineteen females ; 
abundant about slough near mouth of Elk Run. 

Lestes forcipatus Rambur. ‘Two males. 

Lestes rectangularis Say. Five males, 1 female; scarce, Lau: 
emerging ; slough north of Waterloo. 

Léstes uncatus Kirby. ‘Thirteen males; 14 females ; abund- 
ant about slough near mouth of Elk Run. 

Nehalennia irene Hagen. ‘Twenty-one males; 15 females; 
very abundant about slough near Elk Run. ‘This species was 
found near the ground or water in the grass where it had 
probably taken shelter from the wind. 

Amphiagrion sauctum Burmeister. Two males from the 
slough at north edge of Waterloo. 

Enallagma hagenit Walsh. Ninety-five males; 15 females; 
individuals of this species more numerous than any of the 
other 27 species; most abundant about slough near mouth of 
Elk Run. 

Enallagma ebrium Hagen. Six males from the slough north 
of Waterloo. 

Enallagma antennatum Say. ‘Thirteen males; seven fe- 


360 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Dec., ’06 


males; common about slough north of Waterloo and the one 
near mouth of Elk Run. 

Ischnura verticalis Say. ‘Twenty-eight males; 21 females; 
abundant about the sloughs at Elk Run and north of Water- 
loo. ‘This was one of the earliest species out. A few individ- 
uals were seen at least two weeks before other species, except 
Anax juntus, appeared in any numbers. 

Anomalagrion hastatum Say. One male. 

Gomphus fraternus Say. ‘Two females. 

Gomphus cornutus Tough. One female in poor condition, 
not fit for description, probably belongs here though the 
female has not been described. | | 

Gomphus sp. 2 Two females. ‘These are teneral, and Mr. 
Williamson hesitates to give them a specific name. 

Anax junius Drury. Two males; 2 females ; common about 
woods and slough north of Waterloo. One of the earliest, 
species out in the spring. As many were seen patroling the 
open woods as about the water. 

Nasieschna pentacantha Rambur. A male and a female from 
slough north of Waterloo. 

Macromia illinoiensis Walsh. Three males and one female, 
from slough north of Waterloo. 

Tetragoneuria cynosura Say. Nine males, three females ; 
taken late in the afternoon along the bank over the water in 
the shade near the edge of Waterloo. . 

Epicordulia princeps Hagen. Fifteen males, 22 females; 
found in great numbers at north end of slough at Waterloo. 
They were perched lengthwise on branches and twigs in the 
sun. Frequently several would be strung along on a drooping 
twig close together so that three to five could be taken with a 
single stroke of the net. All were recently emerged. 

Leucorhinia tntacta Hagen. Five males, 2 females. 

Mesothemis simplicicollis Say. A male and a female. 

Pachydiplax longipennis Burmeister. Nineteen males, seven 
females; very abundant about slough north of Waterloo. 
Found perched above the water with wings drooped, getting 
the full benefit of the sun. 

Libellula basalis Say. Scarce; two males, taken from weeds 


Dec., ’06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 361 


a short distance from the water’s edge at the slough north of 
Waterloo. 

Libellula pulchella Drury. Sixteen males; four females ; 
abundant about sloughs at Elk Run and north of Waterloo. 
Females found about the water only when they came to 
oviposit. 

Plathemis lydia Drury. Nine males, four females ; common 
about the mouth of the little stream in slough near edge of 
Waterloo. 


salle 
_> 


Texas Notes.—IIl. 


By E. Dwicut SANDERSON. 
The Chinch Bug in Texas. 
_ But little has been written concerning the common chinch 
bug (Blissus leucopterus) in the Gulf States. In endeavoring 
to devise means for its control in Texas several notes of gen- 
eral interest were made. 

The region affected by the chinch bug in Texas is largely 
coextensive with the grain belt, but injury occurs south into the 
central part of the State as far as Brazos County, about 125 
miles north of the Gulf. South of this we received no com- 
plaint of damage. The adult bugs hibernate over winter in 
fields of small grain, in the stalks and stubble of corn, under 
bark of logs, and seemingly in any sheltered situation. We 
have found them numerous in the hollows made in the stem of 
the bull nettle (Solanum rostratum) by the little beetle Tricho- 
baris texana. They emerge in March or April according to 
the season. In 1903 they were first noticed in north Texas 
the second week in April. At College Station they were 
numerous on the 2oth, but oviposition did not take place until 
about May 1. In 1904, the season being unusually early, 
straggling specimens were observed at College Station March 
7th. On March 30th they were common on volunteer sorghum, 
though none on corn, and first copulation was observed. In 
1903 the first young nymphs were observed May 8. On May 
21 the first instar was still most abundant, though a few in the 
second instar were found. June 4 some had reached the 


362 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Dec., ’06 


so-called pupa stage, though a large proportion were still in 
the first instar. 

June 11, 1903, the first adults of the new brood were found 
and most of the nymphs were ready to transform. The first 
eggs were laid April 2, 1904, as far as observed in the field. 
On April 23 a few nymphs in the second instar were observed. 
Nymphs in all instars were secured April 28, but no eggs. On 
May 14 nymphs in the second and fourth instars were observed 
and hibernated adults were very scarce. The spring rains 
caused a high mortality this season and further observations 
are lacking. Prof. Webster (Bulletin 15, Bureau Entomology, 
pg. 19) quotes Dr. Shimer as stating that the adult develops 
57 to 60 days after the deposition of the eggs. Though the 
above data are not conclusive, yet from the field observations 
it is evident that the development from oviposition takes place 
in at least 45 days and possibly less. A second generation 
seriously damages sorghum and late planted Mexican June 
corn in July and August. I have no recorded observations 
concerning a third brood, but am quite certain that a third 
generation is developed before hibernating for the winter. } 

The habits and injury done by the bugs are quite variable, 
making their control much more difficult than further north. 
When the adults emerge from hibernation in March or April 
they may fly directly to the young corn just appearing above 
the ground. They are frequently observed flying or alighting 
on horses at this season. Furthermore, they will often be found 
in spots here and there over a large field of corn. In other 
instances, however, they seem to remain mostly on oats and 
wheat, so that when the latter are cut in June they migrate to 
corn as further north. 

Upon the young corn from a half dozen to as many as thirty 
will be found on a hill in which the plants are not three inches 
high. In many cases replanting in spots is necessary. The 
most serious injury is done by the adults of the next genera- 
tion late in May or early June, when the corn is about knee or 
waist-high. Having bred in the corn field and not migrating 
to it, as a rule, as in the North, the bugs are very abundant 
over the entire corn field. The usual methods of control prac- 


Dec., ’06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 363 


tised in the North to prevent migration are therefore inappli- 
cable. In other cases, however, the first generation develops 
on small grains, more particularly spring oats, and migrates 


_when they are cut to corn, which is then badly injured. Millet 
and sorghum seem to be favorite food plants, and we believe 


if properly handled might be used as catch or trap crops, as 
some preliminary experiments made in 1904 and the experi- 
ence of practical farmers indicated. 

Needless to state, in Texas as elsewhere, injury is the worst 
in dry seasons. In 1901 and 1902 the drouth and chinch bugs 
caused a well-nigh total failure of the corn crop of northern 
Texas. Old residents who moved to Texas from Illinois where 
they had known the chinch bug have stated that the pest was 
injurious forty years ago, though possibly more so, as the land 
has been brought entirely under cultivation. | 

Although no entirely successful remedial measures were dis- 
covered for the control of the first generation on corn in the 
spring, some proved so promising that they are worthy of 
record. 

Both young corn plants but a few inches high, and those 
neatly ready to tassel, were sprayed with an emulsion made 
with three gallons of crude Beaumont oil, 114 pounds of soap, 
emulsified and diluted with a barrel of water, thus giving about 
6.6 per cent. of oil. This was fatal to all bugs hit and did no 
injury to the plants. As Beaumont oil is very much cheaper 
than kerosene, emulsions made with it are worthy of trial for 
other purposes in the southwest. Though all the bugs upon 
the young plants might be killed by the spraying, yet in a day 
or two others would arrive and thus to be effectual the spray- 
ing would need to be repeated, which is hardly possible on 
large acreages. For the older corn the spraying, if the bugs 
are abundant enough to threaten serious injury, is more feasible 
and profitable. 

It was noticed that when the hibernated bugs migrated to 
corn in the early spring they were much more abundant 
upon fields which had been cultivated and the earth was in 
clods. Where the soil had been packed tightly around the 
plants by rains and had not been loosened there were few bugs. 


364 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Dec., ’06 


This was also true to a certain extent in oat fields. Clearly the 
bugs preferred a soil with numerous cracks in which they 
might hide and oviposit. This being the case, it seemed prob- 
able that if a liberal application of tobacco dust were applied 


to each hill of corn they might be driven off. Field experi- 


ments were therefore instituted to test the value of this remedy. 
It was found that where strong winds did not blow the dust 
away the bugs were almost entirely killed by it, a dozen or 
so being found dead at each hill. Usually in about an hour 
after application the bugs remaining at the hill were stupefied. 
The action of the tobacco dust on these insects is rather 
unique, being comparable to a moth flying to its death in a 
flame, for both are the result of tropisms. 

The chinch bug seems to be very clearly and decidedly 


stereotropic, to use the term coined, I believe, by Prof. Jacques 


Loeb. Possibly they are also geotropic, but this is not so clear. 
In other words, the chinch bug has an instinctive attraction for 
a crevice or coarse loose soil. This is incidental with the ovipo- 


sition of the hibernated brood. Neither geotropism or nega- — 


tive heliotropism seem to explain the phenomena. That an 
insect should so instinctively remain in a substance which 
soon causes its death, and the odor of which is enough to drive 
many insects from plants, seemed so unusual that some labora- 
tory experiments were made to further show this point. May 3, 
1903, Mr. Wilmon Newell placed 27 adult bugs in a box and 
covered with tobacco dust. After two and one-half hours the 
dust was removed, none having escaped, though they might 
easily have done so, the box being uncovered and the dust 
shallow; of the 27 but 7 revived. Thirty bugs were similarly 
placed under tobacco dust the same day for three hours, but one 
of them reviving. Twenty-one bugs were placed in a small box 
_ and covered a half inch deep with tobacco dust. Three crawled 
out. Four others crawled to the surface, two remaining upon 
it and two crawling back in the dust. At fifteen minutes all 
were stupefied. At end of seventeen minutes three bugs were 
removed from the box and placed on the table. In sixty 
minutes one crawled off, and in eighty minutes another revived. 
Twenty-two minutes after the experiment was started, five 


eee ea 


sa Se 


AS 
hdd hee 


Dec., 06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. | 365. 


were removed; eighty minutes later two crawled off: twelve 
hours later all had revived, though some were still stupid. At 
the end of thirty-two minutes, five more were taken from the 


box; one hour later one crawled off, and thirty-six hours later 


two were found dead; at forty-seven minutes. six were re- 

moved. Four of these were dead thirty-six hours later. ° 
Again, to show the attraction of the loose dust or soil for the 

bugs, for they would undoubtedly crawl into sawdust equally 


readily, ten bugs were placed on the surface of a half inch of 


tobacco dust. All crawled into it at once. Three subsequently 
crawled out and away. None remained on the surface, though 
near it. In ten minutes all were stupefied and were removed 
and exposed to air. Some of these had recovered ninety min- 
utes later and all revived in a few hours. 

- Thus the bugs crawl into the tobacco and remain there, 
where they are stupefied by its fumes sometimes in ten minutes. 


‘ If allowed to remain forty-five minutes, two-thirds at least are 


killed. As a matter of fact, where a pile of tobacco dust re- 
mained undisturbed around a plant the mortality would be 
almost entire, for as soon as stupefied the bugs would remain 
in it undisturbed. However theoretically plausible the method 
may seem, it will not be practicable in Texas owing to the con- 
stant strong winds, which soon scatter the dust. Its action on 
the bugs is, however, of interest, and might be put to practical 
use in the case of the false chinch bug, which has very similar 
habits when working on garden vegetables. 

The best means of control for the chinch bug in Texas, and 
one which practical farmers have found satisfactory through 
their own experiments, is the destruction of all corn and 


sorghum stalks or stubble left in the field and the general clean- 


ing up of all, places favorable for hibernation as far as possible. 
Sorghum stubble seems a particularly favored place of hiber- 
nators. Especially is this necessary where sorghum and June 
corn are grown late in the summer and early fall, thus furnish- 
ing abundant succulent food for the later generations, and the 
volunteer plants forming food in early spring. Indeed, to 
these late fodder plants may be largely attributed the destruc- 
tive numbers of the chinch bug in early spring upon young 


366 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Dec., ’06 


corn, and injury seems to be the more general where they are 
most grown. The practical control of this pest in Texas offers 
one of the most interesting and valuable problems to the 
economic entomologist, which must be solved by demonstrat- 
ing the general methods of culture which will control the pest 
as has been done so effectively with the cotton pests. 


Conocephalus lyristes. 
By James A. G. REHN. 


Early in the year 1905 the author described this species on 
the basis of a single male individual from Chokoloskee, Mon- 
roe County, Fla.*. During the summer of 1905 a number of 


specimens of this genus came into my hands for study, among 


them being six specimens which closely resembled the Florida 
form, the type of which was at that time not accessible. In the 
meantime, Mr. William T. Davis had published a record of 
Conocephalus nebrascensis Bruner, from Lakehurst, N. J., the 


determination having been made by Mr. Caudell, and to fully — 


determine the relationship of the latter species to the indi- 
viduals in hand, I secured, through the kindness of Prof. 
Bruner, an individual of his species. This, with the type of 
lyristes now available, shows my seven specimens to be-true 
lyristes, which is not closely related to C. nebrascensis, the latter 
being a species of no greater size but of a more robust build, 
with broader tegmina, wider and more arcuate tympanum, more 
expanded caudal section of the pronotum, and deeper lateral 
lobes of the same. 

The specimens of lyristes mentioned above, in addition to the 
type, are as follows: ; 

Ocean City, Worcester County, Md., July 21, 1905. Col- 
lected by E. Daecke. 1 3,1 9. 

Stafford’s Forge, Ocean County, N. J., September 16, 1905. 
Collected died Beit cues snes 323 5: Oe 


*Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.,"Phila., 1905, p. 45, pl. 1, figs. 8 and 9. 
Canad, Entom., xxxvii, p. 280, 


ny ali ML eae Bt ™ 


ern a eo 


—_= ee 


Dec., ’06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 367 


Measurements (in mm.) of the specimens examined are as 
follows: 


te e 
>: te re) z 
2) ° 3 
fe} fj. i 
Osea | SS Vee So 1 ee iS 
fy = =) ar rs) as Og 
. = a mF e< . a m2 
° - EO 20 Ke = 5 
= OF OZ Z OY BO os 
Pa ZO ARe) re) Z 88 xg, 
co) AA td 42 oi Ee fe 
>, =] ) Ba. a < @) 
3 ; ae 
- c pi 


C. nebrascensis Bru- 
ner, Moline, III., Wet. 3, 8.2 oe: ft, 39.31! 6.7. 1s Bs 
Conocephalus lyristes 
Rehn, Chokoloskee, 


Fla. (type). 6’ .. 30.5 a 7.6 tes g2 (oe 2% 
Ocean City, Md., 3’ 30 5 5 2*| 8.1 18 ei 54 125 

6 “6 &< I. ‘ is ; ; 4.5 22. 
Stafford’s Forge, New eles ' re 

es 30.5 | 3.1 Dy | 4.6 | 40. 5.2 * 20.8 
Stafford’s Forge, New 

(DS oe), 3.5 8. 4.8 | 38.2 | 5.5 | 20.8 
Stafford’s Forge, New i 

SS an 29. 3.2 8. 46°) 36:47 547 Shs 
Stafford’s Forge, New 

(ee 28.2 | 3.4 6.7 3.8 | 42. Sih 2S 


The tympanum of the type of C. lyristes measures 7.5 mm. long 
by 4.8 mm. in greatest width; in the specimen of C. nebras- 
censis it is 7 long by 5.6 in greatest width. 


PLEASE read the editorial notice in this issue in regard to subscribers. 


ON PRONUNCIATION OF ENTOMOLOGICAL NAMES.—1I. Has any code 
or organization fixed the pronunciation of scientific names, e.g. the 
A.O.U. code, or the International Congress of Zoology? 

2. How should entomological names be pronounced? By the rules of 
what language? Can any one reconcile the fact that English-speaking 
botanists use the Continental pronunciation and English-speaking ento- 
mologists use the American method or a hybrid? 

3. Why do American scientists insist that the English system should be 
used, when they are vastly in the minority, when the world’s scientists 
are concerned, 

More in detail: a. when is the penult long, when short? b. is the 
antepenult always accented? c. how should the vowels be pronounced ? 
how should ch, ae, cc, j, g; c followed by a, u, 0; c followed by i, e, y 
be pronounced ?—ANONYMOUS. 


~*Not complete. 


368 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Dec., ’06 


Number of Eggs of Samia cecropia, Pulvinaria 
innumerabilis, and Culex pipiens. 


Joun J. Davis, Urbana, Il. q 
| Samia cecropia Linn. ‘ 
The following table gives the number of eggs laid by in- : 
ernie ° ° . . ia 
dividual females of Samia cecropia. As is shown in the table ; 
there is a wide range in the number of eggs laid by different 4 
individuals, this varying from 119 to 366, but these are appa- 
rently exceptions to the rule as most of the counts range | 
between two and three hundred. ‘The cecropia cocoons were | 
kept in the laboratory for part of the winter and for this 
reason the dates of emergence are earlier than they would be | 
normally. 
q 
NUMBER OF | 
DATE WHEN FIRST FOUND DATE WHEN EGG-LAYING : 
N : E 4 
ifs tet MATING. BEGAN. Faerie 1 
-. 4g 
I 8 A.M., May 10, 1905, | Evening of May 11, 1905. 161 . \ 
2 6c a3 6c «< 66 « se 213 y 
3 “<6 12 ‘c “6 «6 13) as 220 ; Vi 
4 “ce cc sé 6é ia) “<“ “cc i : 238 
5 ce ee 6c 6“ ¢ ce “ce 236 
6 “ sé «< sc 6c “c 6 207 
7 «ec «é ‘<¢ “ee ce “ce in} 293 
8 ce ace 6é “ce “ce sé sé 267 
9 iad 14 6< “ce ce 16, “ce 355 
Io “é ce “<¢ “cc 6<é «e “es 219 
II “ce “ce “ec ee ce ee “cc 240 
I2 ce 16 66 6 ee 17, «e 284 
13 é «é¢ ‘e¢ 6é ce ec “ec 239 
14 6¢ ‘ce ‘< ec cc é “ce 209 
15 “ce “ce «< ins “ce ce “c tT 
16 “ce ce cc se ec é «ec 23 
17 10 A.M., Apr. 17, 1906. “ ‘* Apr. 18, 1906. 298 
18 A.M., ce 12. ‘<é “ce 66 ae “ce “ce 366 
19 Io A.M., «ae 14, ¢ cs im “ce 16, wi ; 200 
20 “ec ins I ‘ “< ce “ce ce 19, “e 276 
FOtal 3. ON ei 4878 
Average per female . . i)... % »os5) ee 243.9 


Pulvinaria innumerabilis Rath. 


In the proceedings of the Davenport Academy of Natural 
Sciences, Vol. II., p. 331, Mr. J. D. Putnam says, ‘‘ The entire 


Dec., ’06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. ; 369 


“number of eggs laid in each nest is rarely if ever less than 


500, and must often exceed 2000, though as I have not at- 
tempted to count the number in the larger nests this is only 
an estimate.’’ * * * “‘Dr. S. S. Rathvon states, in his paper 
in Pennsylvania Farm Journal, 1854, that he counted in one 
of these nests 564 living insects and over 300 eggs not hatched.’’ 
Mr. S. A. Johnson, in Bulletin 116, of The Colorado Agri. 
Exp. Sta., says, ‘‘ The number as given by the older ento- 
mologists is from one to two thousand. ‘These figures are 
probably somewhat too large and more recent writers have 
reduced the estimate. Cotton mentions from three hundred 
to one thousand and Sanders says that the number may reach 
fifteen hundred.’’ 

The egg masses counted were from individual females and 
no choice was made as to the size. ‘They were taken at 
random and are examples of the average-sized nests. All 
were collected June 19, 1906, at Lincoln Park, Chicago, III. 

The following table shows the number of eggs per nest : 


NuMBER | I | 2 | 3 | 4. | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | fe) | TOTAL 
NuMBER : ee 
or EGGS |3863/3814 3279 3674|3024|2856 3200) 3286)3345 3761 34102 


Average per. nest 3410.2. 


Culex pipiens Linn. 


The following table shows the number of eggs in single egg 
masses of the common house mosquito, Czulex pipiens, the 
average of the ten masses being 178.4 eggs per mass. 


NuMBER | I | 2 | 3 | 4. | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | te ‘Tora 
oF Hecs| 162 | 228 | 2 09 | 120/1 121 | 136 | 8 
Peace 57 | 399 49 39 | 143 Bae + 


Average per mass 178.4. 


370 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Dec., ’06 


Some New or Little-known Genera of Empididae.* 
A. L. MELANDER, Pullman, Washington. _ 

In the following pages are noted the occurrence in North 
America of several genera of the dipterous family Empidide, 
that are not given in our publications. Their. publication is 
given at the present time in order to explain more fully the 
citations that will appear in the forthcoming edition of Dr. 
Williston’s Manual. 


TACHYDROMIINA. 
CHERSODROMIA Walker. t 


This genus is known from six European species and one 
from Australia. We have one described species in our fauna 


that belongs to this genus. It is Stilpon houghii Melander, 


placed in Professor Aldrich’s Catalogue of the North American 
Diptera in the genus Coloboneura. 


THINODROMIA gen. nov. 
Thinodromia inchoata spec. nov. 


Thick-set, black, pruinose, black-bristly little species with dorsal - 


arista and aborted wings. Eyes deeply emarginate at the antennz, the 
facets uniformly large: face and front of male and female similar, of 
equal length and uniform breadth,gray pruinose ; 
the hollowed vertex also gray pruinose, with 
three large ocelli, and strong ocellar bristles; 
occiput gray pruinose, the occipital bristles 
moderate; palpi large, flat, elongate-ovate, 


lapping the proboscis; proboscis very stout, 
pointed, bent back; antenne three-jointed, 
though the first joint minute, the third joint 
short-ovate with a long arista arising from 
; re near the middle of its dorsal side, the basal 
Thinodromia inchoata—a, . . ° 
antenna. joint of the arista short, the outer long and 
microscopically plumose. 
The pollen covering of the dorsum of the thorax more or less golden; 
mesopleura with a polished black area not pruinose; humeri not con- 
stricted; humeral and supra-alar bristles large, acrostichal and dorso- 


*Contributions from the Zoological Laboratory of the State Col- 
lege of Washington. 
(Ins. Brit. I. xx., p. 137, 1851.) 


white pruinose, with a few black hairs, over- 


Dec., ’06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 371 


central rows small, between the dorsocentrals and the pleura are a few 
irregular bristles; scutellum with two long and two outer short bristles; 
pleura without bristles. 

Abdomen short-cylindrical, but very robust, in the male, the bristles 
becoming longer posteriorly, those of the seventh segment nearly as 
long as the last four segments; each segment with a single large lateral 
pit; hypopygium large, globose, closed, somewhat asymmetrical and 
twisted to the right, the small apical organs nearly dorsal, the hypopy- 
gium is less pruinose than the anterior portions of the body, posteriorly 
with long black bristles. 

Legs short, robust, piceous-black, rather closely covered with short 
black bristles, those of under side of front femora and of outer apical 
side of hind femora more prominent, all the femora moderately thick- 
ened, the tarsi somewhat flattened distally. 

Wings vestigeal, more or less triangular in outline, horizontally 
extended over the abdomen, though reaching only to the third segment, 
opalescent gray, a spot including the marginal cell and another around 
the posterior cross vein infumated; veins yellowish, costal cell and the 
first two basal cells distinct, marginal cell much shortened, humeral 
cross vein distinct, no trace of anal veins, costa bristly. 

Length, 1.25 to I.50 mm. 


This species was collected in some numbers at Monterey, 
California, by Professor J. M. Aldrich, in May of this year. 
The flies were running over the hot dry sands above the sea 
beach in company with Parathalassius aldrichi, hereinafter de- 
scribed. Professor Aldrich states that the species could be 
easily caught by scooping an individual, sand and all, in one’s 
hand. ‘The insect would run to the edge of the hand and 


could be readily dropped in the collecting bottle. It is rather 


strange that the swarms of these two interesting species should 
have been overlooked by the previous collectors in that neigh- 
borhood. 

Professor Mario Bezzi in his paper, “La Riduzione delle Ali 
nei Ditteri,’*. mentions but two species of Empidide with 
shortened wings. Both belong to the same sub-family as the 
present form. Tachista microptera Loew lives about stones 
in the inland; Chersodromia arenaria Haliday is from the sea- 


‘shore. 


*Rendiconti d. R. Inst. Lomb., Vol. xxxiii, 1900. 


372 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Dec., 06 


SYMBALLOPHTHALMUS Becker.* 


But one species, S. dissimilis Fallen from Europe, has been 
included in this genus. Elaphropeza montana Melander is a 
slender species much like dissimilis which may well be placed 
in the genus Symballophthalmus. There are also certain species 
described as Platypalpus, e. g. canus, inops, hians, which agree 
better with Symballophthalmus in that they lack the spur of the 
middle tibize and have the two basal cells of the wings equal. 

It may be stated in this connection that Elaphropeza can be 
considered but as a subgenus of Drapetis. The type (EZ. 
ephippiata), which is the only European species, and the seven 


other species, all exotic, differ from Drapetis only in a com- 


parative lengthening of the last antennal joint. Throughout 
the western United States we have a very common species of 
Drapetis (D. unipila Loew); which naturally shows some varia- 
tion. An extreme form, which I reluctantly described as 
medetera, for I hesitated a long time before concluding it to 
be specifically distinct, has the third antennal joint twice the 


normal length. Inasmuch as there are intergrades it is unwise 
to give this single character generic value; cf. D. W. Coquil- 


lett, Proc. ent. soc. Wash., 1903, p. 265. 


HYBOTIN 4. 
PRORATES gen. nov. 

Head globular but depressed, the face extremely short. Eyes 
contiguous on front in the male, the facets of the upper two- 
thirds enlarged: antennz two-jointed, the first joint minute, 
the second compressed, conical, without a style or arista: pro- 
boscis rigid, shorter than height’ of head, projecting hori- 
zontally forward. 

Thorax but little convex, one prealar, one supra-alar, and 
two scutellar, but no other bristles present: tegulze minute, 
with white cilia. Legs slender, nowhere thickened, devoid of 
bristles, pulvilli minute. Abdomen slender; genitalia blunt, 
conical, not enlarging the diameter of the abdomen, entirely 
included within two lateral valves, no projecting parts. 


Wisk: ent: Zeitg., viii, Bs, 1880, 


Pee eae +. 


f 
: 


Dec., 06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 373 


Wings broad, anal angle rectangular, auxiliary vein 


ending in the costa at the middle of the wing, the 
costa extends to the third longitudinal vein; a black ellipti- 


cal stigma surrounding the tip of the first vein; joint origin of 
the second and third veins arising nearer the humeral than the 
anterior cross vein; third longitudinal vein furcate before the 
middle of the first posterior cell: discal cell pentagonal, emit- 
ting two posterior veins of which the anterior is furcate; none 
of the posterior veins attain the wing margin; all the basal 
cells large, the discal cell small; anal cell longer than the second 
basal, its outer angle acute, anal vein reaching the wing 
margin. : 
Prorates claripennis nov. spec. 

Male. —Length, 3 mm.—Black over all, dorsum of thorax olivaceous, 
with two fuscous vittz, pleura and occiput lightly 
cinereous, abdomen not dusted. Occiput and ab- 
domen with very fine pale scattered hairs. Legs 
entirely black. Wings pure hyaline, the stigma 
and veins blackish. Halteres black. 

Two males, collected by Mr. H. L,. 
Viereck, at Highrolls, New Mexico, June 
12 and 13, 1902. 


OCYDROMIIN 2. 
PARATHALASSIUS Mik. 
Provates claripennis-a, Lhe genus Parathalassius was erected by 
ne Professor Joseph Mik* for a small silvery- 
gray species collected on the sands near Venice, in May. 
The species was found in a search for’ the Dolichopodid 
Epithalassms, but it was not discovered until the col- 
lected material was worked over, owing to a remarkable 
resemblance between the two species. Only females of the 
Empidid were taken, although apparently the species was very 
common. 
In May of this year Professor J. M. Aldrich chanced on a 
similar silvery-gray form sporting on the arid sands at Mon- 
terey, California. Although no apecnnens of the European 


Piviener Entomologische Paiva: x Tabi. p. 216, 1891. 


374 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Dec., ’06 


species are at hand for comparison, the agreement of our form 


with Professor Mik’s description makes us believe the two 


forms to be congeneric. Like so many of the other Diptera 
living on the sand,* Parathalassius is conspicuous by its dense 
coating of pollen. Even the hairs and bristles are glistening 
white, so that the males especially, when viewed from in ‘trom, 


are ornate with a silvery sheen. 

The European species (P. blasigii) possesses several con- 
spicuous white hairs on the under side of the hind femora, and 
these are lacking in the California form. Moreover, in blasigit 
‘the first posterior cell is narrowed at its apex. Otherwise, our 
species tallies well with Mik’s description. 


Parathalassius aldrichi sp. nov. . 

Male.—Length, 2.75 mm.—Entirely silvery-gray pruinose, all the 
bristles white. Vertex broad, concave, silvery pruinose: ocelli widely 
separated; one pair each of vertical, frontal, 
and ocellar bristles; face very narrow below the 
antenne, concave, broadening at the convex 
clypeus, closely covered with short silvery- 
white pubescence, lower facets of eyes large, 


dense covering of silvery-white scale-like hairs. 
Eyes not at all emarginate at antenne. Antennz 
black, three-jointed, though the first two joints 
are minute, third joint short-oval, pointed, with 
a long terminal bristle-like arista. Occiput sil- 
very-gray pruinose, occipital bristles seriately 
arranged below, and forming a ciliate fringe 


Parathalassius aldrichi to the eyes. Proboscis and palpi minute, 
and face of male. blackish 


Thorax silvery-gray pruinose, the dorsum with scattered short white 
hairs, and with eleven pairs of short achrosticals, six pairs of long 
dorsocentrals, three pairs of supra-alar and three long humeral and 
posthumeral bristles: scutellum with four marginal bristles, no pleural 
bristles. 

Abdomen short, with numerous white hairs, when viewed from above 
or the right, with but four visible segments, the second segment longest 
and bearing a basal transverse row of black pores. Hypopygium very 
large and globular, comparativey bare though pruinose, asymmetrical, 


*e, g. Lipochaeta, Thinophila, Thereva, Stichopogon, ete. and the 
Empidid genera Schistostoma, Coloboneura, Halsanalotes, and Cherso- 
dromia. 


those of the lowermost third concealed by a 


Dec., ’06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 375 


attached to the left side of the body and bent forward and to the right, 
thereby crowding the small fifth, sixth and seventh segments to the left 
of the median line. 

Legs slender, white bristly, middle tibiz with small white apical 
spurs, the joints of the middle tarsi with small black apical spurs, under 
side of front femora and sides of hind femora ciliate with longer white 
bristles; pulvilli broad, empodium hair-like. 

Halteres white. Wings whitish, veins strong, blackish, less dark 

basally, base of costa with a few white bristles, third longitudinal vein 
simple, four posterior cells, anal cross vein perpendicular to the anal 
vein, 

Female—Differs from the male as follows: Facets of eyes uniform, 
nowhere concealed by pubescence. Abdomen with five dorsal flattened 
segments, its apex jet black. 


Over two dozen specimens of this species were saved by its 
collector. The type locality is the dry sands in back of the 
beach at Monterey, California. It gives me much pleasure to 
be able to dedicate this species to my dear friend and neighbor, 
Professor J. M. Aldrich, who discovered this interesting fly, 
and to whom we are indebted for a large proportion of what 
we know of the species of this family. 


Parathalassius candidatus sp. nov. 

After the description of Parathalassius was sent to the 
Entomo.LocicaL News, Professor Aldrich discovered among 
his collections another specimen of the genus, but which, on 
account of its larger size and more bristly appearance, is dis- 
tinct from the Californian form. ‘This individual, a female, 
was collected at Friday Harbor, San Juan Co., Washington, 
during the summer of 1905. Professor Aldrich is its dis- 
coverer also. 

Female.—Length 3 mm., length of wing 3.25 mm.—This species 
differs from the preceding only as follows: Face slightly broader; hairs 
of occiput more dense. Dorsum of thorax with two narrow black vitte, 
each of which is bounded by rows of bristles, so that there are four 
rows of dorsocentrals, with about fourteen bristles to each row. 
Between the acrostichal bristles and the humeri is a close aggregation 
of short bristles, which are represented in P. aldrichi by a few bristles 
only. Scutellum with six marginal bristles. The three black pits along 
the lower edge of each abdominal tergite are large and conspicuous. 
Ovipositor large, trough-like, exserted backwards from under the last 
segment. Bristles of legs stronger, not recumbent but projecting; spurs 


376 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Dec., ’06 


of middle tibie much reduced; hind metatarsi somewhat compressed; 
tarsi entirely black. In aldrichi the base of the metatarsi is somewhat 
yellowish. Anal vein three times the length of the anal cross-vein, in 
aldrichi it is less than twice as long as the cross-vein. 


EMPIDINZ. 
TOREUS gen. nov. 

Male.—Entirely devoid of bristles. 
Eyes broadly separated, the lower 
facets larger: basal joint of antennz 


basal joints together, compressed 
conical, rather blunt; the style one- 
’ eighth the length of the third joint. 
~ Proboscis three times the length of the 
head, the rigid rostrum three-fifths the 
length of the labella: palpi short and 
incumbent. The proboscis extends 
downward and somewhat forward, 
and not backward, in the dried speci- 
men. 
Thorax entirely without bristles, no 
Toreus neomexicana—a,antenta. metanleyral setae. Abdomen robust, 
cylindrical, somewhat depressed apically, consisting of but 
six segments, the seventh forming a horizontal inverted 
hood-like peduncle to the hypopygium; no pits visible 
on any segment: hypopygium consisting of two triangular 
chitinous lateral clasping valves, which enclose a pair of upright 
decussating flattened filaments; intromittent organ curved and 
pointed, projecting downward from between the bases of the 
lateral valves; arising from the inner base of the hypopygium 


are a pair of curved slender diverging filamentous appendages 


which project above the height of the hypopygium. 

Legs not long, without bristles, but with fine hairs, without 
apophyses or thickenings, front metatarsi two-fifths the length 
of the hind ones, hind tibiz bent outwardly at their middle, 
pulvilli small. - ip : 

Wings rather broad, anal angle broadly rounded, costa en- 
compassing the entire wing, anal vein not or but little continued 


small, last joint twice as long as the | 


Dec., ’06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 377 


beyond the anal cell, auxiliary vein straight, vanishing at the 
middle of the wing, remaining veins attaining the wing margin, 
the two basal cells equal in length, the anterior branch of the 
third vein sinuous, rather long, the second submarginal cell 
but slightly longer than the first along the costa. 

Type: Empis neomexicana Melander. 


ANTHEPISCOPUS Becker.* | 
Becker has described two European species of Anthepisco-: 


pus, caelebs and ribesii, and there is one from New South © 
Wales (antipodalis Bezzi). We have a species collected at 


Seattle, Washington, which agrees with the description and 
figure of ribesti, but in the absence of typical specimens for 


_comparison I hesitate before deciding as to its specific identity. 


HESPEREMPIS gen. nov. 

Male.—Eyes separated, broadly above and narrowly below 
the antennz, the facets uniform in size. Antenne inserted 
high, the triangular front therefore short, three-jointed, the 
first two joints together as long as the third, the third joint 
conical, compressed, with a short two-jointed style. The first 
joint of the style is thick, the second very slender. Proboscis 
very short, sharp and incurved, as in Hormopeza, etc. Palpi 


_ broad, slightly longer than the proboscis, and rectimbent.upon 


it, the upper surface with a few fine hairs. Ocellar triangle 
without bristles, occiput with a few fine short hairs, face bare. 
| Thorax entirely without bristles, scu- 
Se tellum with six fine marginal hairs, meta- 
pleura bare. Abdomen slender, provided 
with few fine marginal hairs only; a 
transverse series of minute pits present 
at the base of the second abdominal seg- 
ment: hypopygium terminal, flattened 
above, globular otherwise, not enlarged, | 
entirely enclosed in a pair of convex 
Hesperempis mabelae Mei, lateral pieces, with no dorsal or terminal 

Ar cOrane processes. Legs slender, simple, rather 
sparsely provided with fine pubescence, but entirely devoid of 
bristles; pulvilli small, empodium microscopic. 


*Wien. ent. Zeitg., X., 281, 1891. 


378 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Dec., ’06 


Wings long slender, anal angle obtuse, not prominent, costal 
vein encompassing the entire wing, auxiliary vein straight, 
vanishing at the middle of the wing, stigmal spot faint, elong- 
ate, third vein branched, the anterior branch long, as in Hilara, 
discal cell narrow, acuminate apically, second posterior cell 
narrowed at the base, the contact of the third and fourth pos- 
terior cells with the discal cell equal, anal vein shortened, anal 
cross vein recurved and fused with the anal vein. } 

This description is drawn from an enigmatical little fly de- 
scribed as Rhagas mabelae. The insect is evidently an Em- 
pidine, but can not be assigned to any genus hitherto described. 
Its nearest relatives are Rhagas, Haplomera, Hilarempis and 


Hilara. 


The main characters by which these genera differ from 


Hesperempis are herewith given: 


Rhagas: Eyes of male contiguous; body with macrocheetee 5 


anal angle of wing rectangular. 


Haplomera: Femora thickened; third antennal joint long 


and nearly cylindrical. 

Hilarempis: Body and legs with nace anterior 
branch of third vein short. 

Hilara: Auxiliary vein short and bent forward at tip. 


In the Transactions of the American Entomological Society 


for 1902, page 277, I associated Empis conjuncta Coquillett 
with the present species as the American species of the genus 
Rhagas Walker. Mr. Coquillett* subsequently assigned 
Synamphotera Loew, which is a genus of the sub-family 
Hemerodromiine, as a synonym of Rhagas, and in his table 
stated that Rhagas has the anal cross vein perpendicular to the 
wing axis. In this he was in error: both forms are valid 
genera, in no ways related, for Rhagas is clearly an Empidine. 
. I have since seen Empis conjuncta. It and Emptis triangula 
Coquillett are normal species of the genus Jteaphila. 

Through the kindness of Dr. K. Kertész, of the Hungarian 
‘National Museum, I have been put in possession of both sexes 
of Rhagas unica Walker, the type species of the genus. It is 
quite a different form from mabelae, Its salient characteristics 


*Proc, Ent. Soc., Wash., 1903, p. 257. 


A PPT Ce ee Tita haciendo 


Dec., ’06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 379 


are the following: Wings broad, anal angle strongly rectangu- 
lar. Eyes of male contiguous. Arista, nearly one-half the 
length of the third antennal joint, its basal segment much 
thickened and many times longer than the minute, bristle-like 
apical portion. Dorsum of thorax with the usual rows of small 
but distinct macrochzetz ; those of the scutellar margin larger 
and six in number. Hypopygium terminal, small, but open, 
consisting of a pair of lateral slender curved and pointed valves, 
surrounding the sharp penis, and a basal dorsal pair of erect 
prongs, like those of /teaphila, etc. 


pie aaa 


A new variety of Papilio rutulus Boisd. 
By HENRY SKINNER. 


Papilio rutulus arcticus. 

Smaller than rutu/us, expanding from the centre of the thorax to the 
tip of the primary wing 43 mm. Orange spot at angle of secondaries 
large and distinct, generally absent in vu/u/us. Marginal lunules of sec- 
ondaries wider and not so elongate as in ruéu/us. Blue bands of second- 
aries below narrower and more distinct. Marginal lunules of secondar- 
ies below orange, an orange wash running to the cell. 


Described from six males and one female. Five males and 
one female from Eagle City, AlJaska, June 1st to 15th. One 
male from Athabasca River, Canada. 7 


A New Syntomeida. 


By HENRY SKINNER. 


S. befana n. sp. 
Antenne blue-black, outer third edged with white. Head and thorax 


blue-black ; vertex of head with metallic-blue patch ; tegulz and patagia 
orange-yellow, edged with black ; fore coxe orange; legs blue-black, 
with tarsi streaked with white ; abdomen black and metallic-blue ; oval, 
orange subdorsal patches on the second to the last segment, those on 
first segment being quadrate ; on abdomen below are orange bands on 
segments three to six. Forewing with an orange patch in and below 
middle of cell and a patch beyond the cell. Hindwing with a basal 
orange patch and a round patch in centre of wing. 


From one specimen taken by Prof. F. H. Snowin the Babo- 
quivari Mountains, Arizona. The species is related to soda 
Druce. 


380 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Dec., ’06 


The Song of the Mosquito. , 
By SAMUEL E. WEBER. 


When we know the voice and song of the birds we are en- 
abled to distinguish the particular species whose song we may 
hear without seeing it. Likewise in entomology, insects need 
not be seen to know their species if one knows their voice and 
song. 

Most species which we have studied may be known psycho- 
logically by their song, their movements and physical expres- 
sion. Insect sound is in large measure as true to structure as 
is physical expression in various other forms of animal life. 

As an example in physical expression and structure, take 
the larva of the Anopheles mosquito which has been designated 
as ‘‘alazy larva.’’ Some 
of their slow movements 
on the surface of the 
water are apparently 
caused by the arrange- 


structure which retains 
them there. When the 
larva turns its head to 
—5- the caudal extremity to 
| remove foreign particles 
¥ ' -which have collected 
about the air-tube, it 
does the act as gingerly 


= 
RY 
rT). 
5 Be | 
o2 88 | 
1 @ 


hal a _ . . 
rian SS P as though it were afraid 
/ . . . 
7 7 rm its body might break in 
Anopheles maculipennis Meig. twain. The ‘Scones for 
Anopheles punctipennis Say. the slow turning 1S ex- 
Culex canadensis Theob. plained by its attach- 


Culex pipiens Linn. 
ment to the waterfilm 


through the means of fan-like bodies on the dorsum of the 
abdomen. ‘These organs after piercing the waterfilm open out 
forming a palmate clinch by means of which the larva is re- 
tained at the surface. The slow movement is necessary so it 


<5 = ment of the mechanical 
| 


3 “ = 
a i i ie Ra 


Dec., ’06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 381 


may retain its hold in the act of arranging the toilet at its 
caudal end. If the turning or any other larval movements 
are made too quickly the hold is lost and the larva will sink. 

_ By the expression of sound, studied at the keyboard, I have 
determined, without seeing them, some of the more important 


Species of mosquitoes by their song or note. ‘These observa- 


tions were made in the eastern section of Pennsylvania. 

The note of Anopheles maculipennis (Meig.) is D, virtually 
the first degree to the right of middle C, on the keyboard, 
which is one octave lower than the notes on Staff No. 1. 
When confined in a bottle and darting against the glass it will 
sing a note higher, and when alighting on the glass to rest, it 
will do so, at a staccato stop at one degree below. It seems 
to produce the same song in distress as in pleasure, for the 
same may be heard in confinement, as that when about to 
fathom one’s blood. The ordinary hum of this species may 
be expressed by the thirty-second notes on Staff 1. The 
second part of the song may be termed as one of condition 


. (in distinction from the love songs of insects), since the eight 
note at H, is sung only when darting against any object such 


as the glass mentioned or a person’s neck or face. ‘The part 
indicated by the eight notes may be continued much longer 
than the time here represented, and the finale or sudden stop 
when alighting is expressed by the staccato thirty-second note 
at the end of Staff 1. 

The note of Anopheles punctipennits (Say) is B, virtually the 
first to the left of middle C, on the keyboard, as indicated by 
Staff 2, written in the F clef. 

Staff 3 in the treble clef indicates the note of Cudicada 
(Culex) canadensis ('Theo.). ‘The smaller variety, the most 
common, sing high C. Some of the larger forms of this 
species sing from F to F sharp and to G sharp. When the 
range of the note, in the same species, varies as is shown on 
this staff, then intonation or the peculiarity of voice plays the 
part of differentiation. This must be admitted, however, as 
a high state of the perceptive powers of man, which is pos- 
sessed by very few persons. In the range of sound produced 
by the various species from the giant culicid Fsorophora ciliata 


382 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Dec., ’06 


to the smaller species approaching high C we have some species 


which come close to one another in their note when heard 


flying close to the ear. C. canadensis and C. sollicitans in 
some instances come closely, but the latter may be easily 
distinguished by its peculiar beautiful quality of tone. 

Culex pipiens (Linn.) (No. 4) sings in F, as a rule, but 
some specimens may vary a note higher or lower and may 
then be distinguished by the same method mentioned. While 
these observations may not be of any practical value they are 
nevertheless of interest in a certain direction. The trained 
ear at least may distinguish the more dangerous species of 
mosquitoes from the harmless by their notes. 


40> 
er 


The Method of Feeding in Leptoglossus. 
By A. ARSENE GIRAULT. 


The following observations on the feeding-habit of Lepto- 
glossus phyllopus Linnzeus appear to be worthy of publication: 

On the morning of July 19th, 1906, at Myrtle, Ga., while 
examining some clusters of Niagara grapes, attention was at- 
tracted to an adult male of this species, clinging to some of the 
nearly ripe fruit. It had apparently just finished feeding, but 
closer notice showed that it was just on the point of making 
a puncture. The insect was clinging head toward the ground, 


and for ten or fifteen seconds examined the surface of the — 


fruit with the tip of the rostrum, with rapid, nervous move- 
ments. Locating a suitable spot, the movements of the ros- 
trum stopped, and it was then applied and straightened, neces- 
sarily causing an upward inclination of the body. Pressure was 
then brought to bear, and the rostrum was pushed into the fruit 
for a distance of about one-half the length of the distal joint 
of the labium. When about this far in, the labium commenced 
to bend caudad at the first articulation, exposing basal por- 
tions of the inclosed setz, the mandibles and maxille. Pres- 
sure was continued, and the body was gradually brought back- 
ward and downward, causing the bending of the labium to in- 
crease, until its basal joint became applied to the ventum of 


ee Ss ee ee ee 


ee ee ge Ne es ee 


' Dec., 706] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 383 


thorax, followed by the second joint, which was applied to the 
first. The labium was then released from the puncture, by | 
further backward movements of the body, straightened, and 
borne in its natural position along the venter. This left the 


long, slender mandibles about one-third their length within 


the fruit. Pressure was again brought to bear as at first, and 
the ever-bending sete were pushed in quite rapidly for over 
half their length, when they suddenly stopped, as if by some 


obstruction, were partly redrawn, and again inserted for the 


same distance. This was repeated several times before a 
cause for such actions presented itself. After the fifth attempt 


_ to push the mandibles within for most of their length, it was 


noticed that the much shorter maxillz, closely applied to the 
mandibles so as to be inconspicuous, struck the surface of the 


fruit, whenever the setz were inserted for more than half their 


length, and stopped further insertion. Each time that the 
progress of insertion was thus stopped the mandibles were 
slightly, redrawn, or sometimes nearly entirely so, and then 
reinserted until again stopped by the catching of the maxillz. 
These movements were repeated twelve or more times, and 
then the attempt abandoned. Upon withdrawing the mandibles, 
the labium was raised and the sete replaced within it by means 
of the aid of one or both of the fore tarsi. , 
These actions in feeding were repeated three times in suc- 
cession on the same fruit. At the end of the second attempt 
the wound made by the sete exuded a drop of clear fluid, and 


_ through this the insect attempted to reinsert the rostrum into 


that same wound; the fluid, however, interfered to such an ex- 
tent as to cause an abandonment of the attempt. 

This method of feeding, having the setz entirely free, is dif- 
ferent from any hitherto observed by the writer in the Heterop- 
tera. To what extent feeding is interrupted by the apparent 


frequent inability to insert the maxille is not known. 


The feeding-habit described in foregoing is also present in 
Anasa tristis DeGeer, as found by observations made on the 
nymphs feeding on grass in a squash patch. The method of 
insertion is almost identically the same, though the movements 
are much quicker. 


384 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Dec., ’06 . 


New North American Heteroptera. 
By E. P. VAN Duze&#z, Buffalo, N. Y. 


The species described below have come into my hands for 
study from collectors in various parts of the country during 
the past five years. It is often annoying and undesirable to 
have species sent out under MS. names, especially if the pub- 
lication of the descriptions is long delayed, and this is my ex~ 
cuse for the perpetration of a fragmentary paper such as this. 
All of these are interesting additions to our fauna, and in each 
case were received from well known and experienced students 
of our insects. | 


r 


Narnia snowi n. sp. . . 

Broader and less narrowed posteriorly than /emorata and its allies. 
Pale ferruginous testaceous ; head, front of the prothorax, deflected base 
of the pronotum, scutellum, elytra, pectus, meso- and metapleura and 


the dilatation of the posterior tibiz black or dark fuscous. Head with — 


the apex and a longitudinal line each side both above and below the base 


of the antennz ferruginous. Prothorax and pale hind margin of the 


metapleura coarsely, the scutellum and hemelytra finely and closely 


punctured ; extreme tip of the scutellum and costa of the elytra ferrugin- 


ous, the middle of the corium with a transverse linear white band, not 
attaining the costal margin. Hind femora becoming piceous toward the 
apex, the spines and tubercules black ; dilatation of the hind tibiz rather 
broad, inner margin about twice the width of the outer and marked with 
a white sub-basal spot, the edge beyond the middle and along the undi- 
lated apical one-third sparsely spinose, Venter more or less mottled and 
infuscated, with a strong sulcus reaching the apex of the 5th segment. 
Rostrum passing the middle of the fourth ventral segment, blackish, with 


the basal joint pale. Antennz substantially as in femorata. Length : 


16 mm. 

Described from one female specimen received from Prof. F. H. 
Snow and captured by him at Douglas, Arizona, in August. 

I have before me three male and two female examples of a 
Narnia that I take to be femorata. In these, however, the 
basal joint of the antenne is scarcely darker than the others, 
the humeral angles are not ‘‘ acute’’ although more prominent 
than in the allied forms, and the transverse white vitta on the 
corium is indicated only by an obscure band of white hairs that 
may be almost obsolete in some examples ; the form of the dila- 
tation of the hind tibize is, however, exactly as described by 


ie ae 
ee eee tS ee eee 


ee ee ee ey ee ae 


Dec., ’06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 385 


Stal, and for the present I prefer to place it as the northern 
form of his species. Two of my specimens were taken at 
Tucson, Arizona, by Prof. E. B. Wilson, two were captured in 
Yuma Co,, Arizona, by Prof. Snow in June, and one was taken 
at Congress Junction, Arizona, in July by Prof. Snow. Prof. 
Wilson has also sent me two examples of a smaller paler species 
from La Jolla, California, that I place as Stal’s padllidicornts. 
They answer to his description in everything except that the 
head is almost entirely black and the rostrum is longer, attain- 
ing the apex of the fifth segment. This species has the apical 
notch of the male genital segment deeper and narrower than 
in femorata. | 


Narnia wilsoni n. sp. 

Deep piceous black ; lower surface of the head, antennz, base of the 
rostrum, bucculz and legs bright ferruginous ; abdomen testaceous ; ex- 
treme tip of the scutellum and a transverse linear band on the middle of 
the corium, not attaining the costa, white. Antenne shorter and thicker 
than in any of our other described species, the basal joint scarcely sur- 
passing the apex of the head. Pronotum and scutellum closely punctate. 
Elytra deep velvety black, with the costa slenderly pale; membrane fus- 
cous black, the nervures undulating and here and. there anastomosing. 
Hind legs piceous-black, becoming ferruginous on the base and outer 
side of the femora and knees; simple apex of the tibiz and the tarsi 
bright ferruginous, tibial dilatation about as in szow7z, almost linear with- 
out, within about twice wider, with a few strong teeth from near the base 
to the apex of the tibia, and showing no indication of the white mark 
found in our other species. Rostrum short, scarcely surpassing the base 
of the fourth ventral segment. Venter covered with a white mealy pubes- 
cence which omits the rather broad median sulcus. Length 12 mm. 


Described from two female examples taken at La Jolla, 
California, in August, by Prof. E. B. Wilson. 

This is a very distinct and striking species. With sxow7 it 
forms a group for which I would suggest the subgeneric name 
of Xerocoris, which with the study of more extensive material 
may be raised to generic value. It may be characterized by a 
broader form, wider connexivum, more strongly depressed pos- 
terior margin of the pronotum, a proportionately shorter head, 
shorter and stouter antennze, a shorter rostrum and a different 
vestiture. In both these species the disk of the pronotum is 
flatter with a distinct median carina which is scarcely indicated 


386 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Dec., ’06 


in Narnia proper, and the lateral margins are much more dis- 
tinctly carinated, the surface of the body, also, is not covered 
with a close grayish mottled pubescence, as in femorata and 
pallidicornis, but the head, pronotum, antennze and legs are 
well covered with stiff blackish hairs that become concolorous 
on the pale disk of the pronotum in szozz. : 
The shorter basal and fourth joints of the antennze and the 
less dilated hind tibize seem to be the best characters for sepa- 
rating Varnia from Leptoglossus. ‘The length of the rostrum 
is variable, and while distinctly longer in /Varnia proper, in 


Xerocoris it is scarcely longer than in Leptoglossus. In Narnia 


proper the vestiture is quite distinct. 


Alydus setosus n. sp. 

Allied to eurvinus in form but pale greyish, marked with fuscous some- 
what as in Stachyocnemis apicalis. Whole body except the elytra clothed 
with scattering black setz and in places with a matted greyish pubes- 
cence. Postocular portion of the head longer and more narrowed pos- 
teriorly and the vertex more convex than in ezrinus. Apical joint of the 
antennz strongly thickened hardly as long as the two preceding united. 
Pronotum a little narrower anteriorly than in ewrzmus, the latero-posterior 


margins broadly depressed and a little reflexed. Rostrum attaining the 


intermediate coxee. Posterior femora longer and stouter than in eurinus 
with from three to five long teeth and several smaller ones near the apex. 
Posterior coxz placed farther apart than in eurinus. Claspers of the 
male approximate, thick, spindle-shaped, their divergent apices some- 
what flattened and obtusely pointed. 

Color testaceous grey. Head paler beneath; the gula, a broad vitta 
on each side beneath the antenne, and a still broader dorsal vitta black- 
ish, the latter narrowed and intensified on the base of the head and 
bisected by a median longitudinal pale line. Antennz pale brownish, 
apical joint a little darker, the outside of the basal joint with a dark line ; 
all but the apical joint black-setose. Pronotum with a broad blackish 
median ray which becomes evanescent posteriorly and is bisected by a 
conspicuous whitish median line; pale areas with scattering fuscous 
punctures. In some examples there is a faint blackish submarginal ray 
anteriorly. Scutellum a little dusky on the sides and base and with a 
pale median line continuing the white calloused and slender apex. Elytra 
punctured with pale brown, especially toward their inner margin and apex, 
their extreme tip and the inner field blackish; nervures pale; apical 
margin narrowly white and calloused. Membrane brownish pellucid with 
the nervures but little branched. Beneath paler, sternum and a double 
lateral vitta on the pleural pieces fuscous, venter dusky on the base and 
sides, separated by a lateral pale vitta, edge of the connexivum and pos- 


phe se aa 


a ae Sa 


—— 


| 


Dec., ’06 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 8 
3 


terior margin of the ventral segments more or less broadly pale ; stigmata, 
disk of the genital pieces of the female, and the latero-apical margin of 
the pygofers of the male black. Claspers of the male whitish. Legs 
dotted and more or less clouded on the femora with fuscous, clothed with 
stiff black hairs ; femoral spines black. 

Described from four examples taken by Prof. F. HL Snow on 
the Baboquivari Mountains, Arizona, one male taken in Gal- 
latin Co., Montana, at an elevation of 7500 feet, by M. R. 
Benton and kindly sent to me by Prof. R. A. Cooley, and one 
female taken in Big Canon, Davis Co., Utah, in August by 
Mr. G. W. Browning. ‘The two latter specimens are darker 
in their general color with the elytra quite uniformly punctured 
with fuscous and the pale rays on the base of the vertex and 
anterior margin of the pronotum tinged with pink. All these 
specimens show a row of black or piceous polished spots on 
either side of the venter beneath the stigmata. This strongly 
marked species exhibits a certain transition toward genus 
Stachyocnemis. It has the color markings of the latter genus 
and the form and proportions of the former, but the form of 


_ the apical joint of the antennze and the spacing of the posterior 


coxee approach that found in Stachyocnemis. ‘The thick ap- 
proximate claspers of the male will distinguish this form from 
any previously-described North American species. 


Jalysus wickhami n. sp. 

Closely allied to sfimosus Say,-but smaller and more slender with the 
second joint of the antennz and the basal joint of the rostrum propor- 
tionately shorter. Color fulvo-testaceous, paler on the elytra, base of the 
legs and pronotal carinze. Eyes, fourth antennal joint, extreme tip of the 
corium, apex of the tibiz, the tarsi except at base and the rostrum toward 
its apex, black; venter rufo-testaceous, sternum obscured or brownish. 
Metapleural and scutellar spines distinctly shorter than in sfimzosus ; pos- 
terior lobe of the pronotum strongly punctured, the sides and middle line 
distinctly carinate, the lateral carine continued almost to the humeral 
angles, not strongly abbreviated as is usually the case in sfimosus ; apex 
ot the fourth antennal joint white. Length 6-6% mm. 


Described from two males taken by Prof. H. F. Wickham at 
an altitude of over 7000 feet on the Inyo Mountains, California, 
in July, and one female taken at Tucson, Arizona, by Prof. F. 
H. Snow. . 

This species might readily be mistaken for our common 


388 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ Dec., ’06 


spinosus. It may most readily be distinguished by its slighter 
form, shorter second antennal joint, the more distinct lateral 
carinze of the pronotum and the less conspicuous metapleural 
spines. In this species there is an obvious elongated callous 
above the eyes and anterior to the ocelli, which is much less 


conspicuous in spznosus. 


Peritrechus tristis n. sp. 
Form of /rvaternus but smaller, black, opaque, scarcely covered with 


minute golden pubescence which is much longer and closer on the venter. 
Vertex, pronotum and scutellum coarsely punctate. Pronotum a little 
wider before than in /rafernus, the sides more nearly parallel ; posterior 
lobe but very feebly depressed and more closely punctured than the an- 
terior, very obscurely touched with castaneous, particularly near the hind 
edge. Scutellum obscurely bordered with castaneous posteriorly. Elytra 
testaceous brown or blackish, the nervures pale. There is a smooth 
whitish spot near the inner angle and about three irregular ones in a lon- 
gitudinal row exterior to this. Membrane blackish, nervures and a spot 
at base, more or less distinct, pale. Beneath black touched with testa- 
ceous next the coxe. Throat and pleural pieces opaque, coarsely punc- 
tate ; hind edge of the metapleura and the venter impunctate, the latter 
polished and golden pubescent. Legs piceous black, polished, paler on 
the tibize and tarsi; knees and base of the femora testaceous. Antennz 
fuscous, hairy ; basal joint a little exceeding the apex of the head, second 
longest, third shorter than the fourth but considerably longer than the 
first. Rostrum reaching to the intermediate coxz, piceous, paler on the 
second joint and tip of the first. 


Described from six specimens collected about Victoria and 
Wellington, Vancouver Island, by Rev. Geo. W. Taylor during 
March, April and October. This is a smaller and darker spe- 
cies than our eastern fraternus, the elytra are darker and more 
mottled, and the posterior lobe of the pronotum is not pale as 
in that species. ‘The European Stygnus arenarius bears a close 
resemblance to the present species but is only about one half 
its size. | | 


Eremocoris obscurus n. sp. 

Allied to ferus but darker in color with the pronotum a little wider pos- 
teriorly and the abdomen proportionately broader behind the middle. 
Color black, opaque, head finely chagrined, tip of the tylus tinged with 
castaneous. Antenne piceous black, the incisures pale, basal joint 
shortest, second a little longer than either of the others which are sub- 
equal. Rostrum testaceous, basal joint piceous reaching almost to the 


x 


Dec., ’06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 389 


base of the head, second longest reaching the anterior coxz, third attain- 
ing the intermediate coxz. Pronotum, anterior lobe a little more convex 
than in fevus, feebly impressed on the middle with a few minute scattering 
punctures ; posterior lobe narrow, coarsely punctured, but feebly differ- 
entiated from the anterior lobe. Scutellum coarsely punctured, depressed 
anteriorly and posteriorly with a feeble longitudinal carina. Elytra 
blackish fuscous inclined to caStaneous on the clavus and disk of the 
corium posteriorly ; basal third of the corium testaceous ; this pale color 
shows a tendency to invade the outer margin of the clavus and extends 
more or less obviously along the costa. Membrane black, when fully 
developed attaining the tip of the abdomen, and marked with a small 
pale spot at the basal and each lateral angle, the nervures distinct but 
scarcely paler asin ferus. Beneath black marked with castaneous against 
the coxze. Legs piceous black, polished, becoming paler on the tibiz, 
tarsi and base of the femora; the anterior femora have two large and 
several minute teeth beneath ; intermediate and posterior femora a little 
more thickened than in ferws. Inthe male the colors are somewhat paler 
than in the female. Length 6-6%4 mm. 


Described from one male and two female examples taken at 
Wellington, Vancouver Island, during March and April by 
Rev. Geo. W. Taylor, an enthusiastic and successful collector 
from whom I have received some interesting Hemiptera. In 
this species the pronotum is wider on the anterior lobe than in 
Jerus, the abdomen is proportionately broader behind the middle, 
the intermediate and posterior femora are thicker, and in the 
specimens before me the body wants the cilize of soft hairs that 
are present in that species. 


Xestocoris n. gen. 

Ovate oblong, widest across the apex of the clavus; polished. Head 
about two-thirds the length of the pronotum, subcylindric, horizontal, 
triangularly narrowed before; clypeus prominent; bucculz but little 
elevated, forming a distinct lobe either side of the base of the rostrum. 
Ocelli placed much nearer to the eyes than to the middle line of the 
vertex. Rostrum passing the intermediate coxe, first joint reaching the 
base of the head, second distinctly longer than the third, fourth shortest. 
Antenne stout, first joint surpassing the apex of the head by about one- 
half its length, second and fourth subequal, third shortest. Pronotum 
broad, length to humeral width as about 5:8, sides feebly carinate, dis- 
tinctly rounded to the head anteriorly, transverse impression feeble, 
placed close to the posterior margin, the humeri prominent and angular, 
Scutellum depressed, to the level of the clavus. Clavus triseriate punc- 
tate. Third ventral suture strongly curved forward. Stigmata of the 
_ apical segments minute, placed at about their middle. Sides of the fourth 


390 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Dec., ’06 
ventral segment with three small opaque spots two of which are approxi- 
mate and placed anteriorly. Anterior femora incrassated, armed with 
about four minute teeth one of which is longer and stouter. 


In Stal’s synopsis of the extra-European genera of the 
Lethezria, to which subfamily this genus pertains, it would run 
nearest to section ‘‘ 14 (11)’’ but it is quite distinct from the 
African genus Androgeus there defined. I can find no 
European genus in which it can be placed. 


Xestocoris nitens n. sp. 
Piceous black, highly polished ; above long setose ; basal two joints of 


the antennz, rostrum, clypeus, anterior and posterior margins and very 
slender lateral carinz of the pronotum, clavus, corium, legs, and apex of 
the abdomen, testaceous or rufo-testaceous ; coxz and narrow margins 
of the pleural pieces more or less rufous. Humeri prominent, rectan- 
gular, pale. Head and anterior lobe of the pronotum impunctate, the 
narrow hind margin of the pronotum, the scutellum, and the elytra with 
coarse scattering punctures which form a single line on either margin of 
the scutellum, three on the clavus, and about three imperfect rows on the 
disk of the corium and one on the inner edge of the broad costal area. 
Membrane short, the nervures nearly obsolete. Venter piceous or black. 
Eyes rufous. In the specimens before me there are a few coarse punc- 
tures close to the anterior margin of the pronotum and a little group near 
the centre of its disk, and in some the disk of the corium is embrowned. 
By oblique light and under a lense the dark surfaces exhibit very beautiful 
metallic blue reflections. . Length 3-3% mm. 


Described from nine examples representing both sexes. 
Eight of these were taken by me at Colden, near Buffalo, New 
York, in August ; the other specimen was taken by Mr. Philip 
Fischer at Buffalo in March. 


Reduvius (Opsicetus) senilis n. sp. 

Much smaller and paler in color than fersonatus. Pale testaceous brown 
inclining to piceous on the head, pronotum and scutellum ; hemelytra 
clouded with brown with an indefinite spot behind the scutellum, the base 
of the costa and the apex of the corium whitish ; whole surface covered 
with rather long hairs. Head more tumid behind the eyes, a little nar- 
rower and more deflexed before the eyes than in personatus ; eyes and 
vertex about the ocelli black; anterior lobe of the pronotum strongly 
convex and polished, with a deep median sulcus ; posterior lobe rather 
strongly rastrate-punctate, the collar of the anterior lobe shorter than in 
personatus. Scutellum shorter with the apical spine less developed than 
in the allied species. Beneath paler with the sides and apex of the venter 
in some individuals suffused with blackish; the metapleura and venter 


Dec., ’06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 391 


sharply keeled through their whole length, the extreme edge of this keel 
piceous. Length ro mm. 

Described from three specimens taken by Prof. F. H. Snow 
in the Baboquivari Mountains, Arizona. 

Reduvius personatus, the so-called ‘‘kissing-bug,’’ is the only 
species of this large genus heretofore recorded from America. 
Most of the known species have their home in the palezarctic 
region but a few are found in the tropical portions of Asia and 
Africa. The species here described is but one of the interest- 
ing Hemiptera discovered by Prof. Snow in his entomological 
explorations in the far southwest. 


40> 
<0r 


A New Cuterebra from Nebraska. 
By PAuL R. JonrEs, Lincoln, Neb. 

While on a collecting expedition near Glen, Sioux County, 
Nebraska, during the summer of 1906, two specimens of Cute- 
rebra were captured by Mr. Harry S. Smith. In determining 
them one was found to be C. éenxebrosa Coquillett, and the other 
appeared to be new, the description of which is submitted below. 

Cuterebra cyanella n. sp. 2. Head black, front at narrow- 
est point seven times as wide as the distance between the two 
posterior ocelli. Front on each side provided with two small, 
yellowish-gray triangular spots, one on the inner margin of 
the eye, and the other between it and the base of the antennz. 
In addition to these there is another pollinose spot of similar 
size on the eye-margin of the face just below the lateral one 
of the front. Face black, sub-shining, destitute of pollen ex- 
cept for the spot mentioned, and a faint crescent-shaped mark 
on the lateral edges of the antennary pit. Antennary pit 
black, shining, pollinose behind the antenna. Antenne black, 
third joint pollinose. Arista longer than the antennze, loosely 
plumose, black at the base, yellow at apex. ‘Thorax black,. 
with a slight bluish cast, sub-shining, covered with fine black 
hairs, pleura with longer hair of similar color, and destitute 
of any oblique tuft of yellow pile in front of the base of the 
wings. Scutellum of same color, but the hair longer than 
that of the thorax. Abdomen shining steel-blue, anterior lat- 
eral margin of third, fourth and fifth segments pollinose be- 


392 


coming greater in width until the whole venter is pollinose. 
Band of the third overlaps the posterior margin of the second 
segment underneath. Legs black, on the outer part of the 
basal half of the hind femora, and of all the tibize gray polli- 
nose. Hair everywhere black. Halteres and calypteres dark 
brown, wings light brown, veins at base tinged with yellow. 


Length of the body 17.5 mm. Length of wings 14.5 mm. 


Width of head 7 mm. Widthof front at vertex 2% mm. 

This species belongs to the fontinella group, and is closely 
allied to C. similis Johnson, C. atrox Clark, and C. tenebrosa 
Coquillett. It differs from C. similis Johnson, and C. atrox 
Clark in not having the oblique tuft of yellow pile in front of 
the wings, and the face is without the two large pollinose spots 
at the lower margin of the eye. It can be separated from C. 
tenebrosa Coquillett by the pollinosity of the abdomen, and the 
fissure on each side of the antennary pit being narrower and 
more shallow than in C. ¢enebrosa. 

Mr. Swenk’s table of the genus Cuterebra, which appeared 
in The Journal of the New York Entomological Society, pages 
181-185, December, 1905, may be amended to read as follows: 


5. Pleura mostly yellow ortwhite .... ........«. «Ta 1 ee yee 

5. Pleura wholly black or at most with a small tuft of yellow pile in 
front of the base 6f wing’... . |... oe 15. 

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * 


15. Pleura with a tuft of yellow pile in front of the base of wings ; lower 


margin of the eye with two large pollinose spots. . .. . 16, 
15. Pleura without such tuft of pile, lower margin of eye without the 
large pollinose spots... 9) .3.5. «0s oes ee ee 17. 


16, Last abdominal segment more or less pollinose (Mexico). 
(terrisona Walker) atrox Clark. 
16. Last abdominal segment entirely steel blue, not pollinose (N. M.). 


similis Johnson 
17. Abdomen destitute of pollen (Cal., Ore., Col., Wyo., S. D., Nebr.). 
tenebrosa Coq, 
17. Abdominal segments ? pollinose ventrally and laterally (Northwest 


RN 90 pe le ERR whe oie geen cyanella Jones. 


~<a 
<or 


A CORRECTION.—Dr. Dyar has kindly called my attention to the fact 
that the insect I described in the October News as Monoleuca spadicis is 
the same as his Huc/ea dolliana (Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., xxix, 369, 1906).— 
Joun A. GROSSBECK, 


ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Dec., ’06 


re SP ee 


a 


Dec., ’06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 393 


A new Platycerus, and a new Pleocoma. 
By H. C. FA, Pasadena, Cal. 


The following fine species of Platycerus and Pleocoma are 
somewhat recent discoveries of Mr. Ralph Hopping, of 
Kaweah, California. They are quite distinct from all pre- 
viously-described forms as will be seen from the following 
descriptions and comparisons : 


Platycerus opacus n. sp. 

Male.—Moderately convex, black, entire surface finely alutaceous and 
dull, the head and prothorax a little less so than the elytra. Scape of 
antennz very nearly twice as long as the funicle, the latter 24 as long as 
the club ; first funicular joint as long as the next two, sixth slightly acutely 
produced inward ; first two joints of club subequal and about twice as 
wide as long, last joint nearly as long as wide. Mandibles small. Head 
coarsely densely punctured and sparsely hairy. Prothorax % wider than 
long, widest at or just before the basal third, where it is strongly rounded 
but not angulate ; sides feebly arcuate and strongly convergent anteriorly, 
still more rapidly converging to the deep sinuation before the basal angles, 
which are sharply defined, a little acute and everted ; surface densely but 
not coarsely punctate laterally, less densely but still closely and a little 
irregularly toward the middle, a narrow median incomplete impunctate 
line ; lateral margin flattened at the point of greatest width, narrowing: 
before and behind. Elytra very little wider than, and not quite twice as 
long as the prothorax, 124 times as long as wide, subparallel, striz repre- 
sented by unimpressed series of very fine punctures, which are scarcely 
distinguishable from those of the intervals and are in great part confused 
with them. Legs rather slender, the hind tarsi about ¢ as long as the 
tibiz. 

Female.—Large and more convex than the male, the elytra a little 
more arcuate at sides; antennal funicle very slightly shorter than the 
club, the first two joints of the latter more strongly transverse ; hind 
tarsi % the length of the tibiz. 

Length , 8.5-10 mm.; @, 10.5-12.5 mm. Width o’, 3.5-4.1 mm. ; 
2, 4.8-5.5 mm. 

Described from a series of 4¢’s and 39’s taken by Mr. 
Hopping at Clear Creek (June 5-12) and South Fork of- 
Kaweah River (Jan. 28-30), California. ‘‘ Both these locali- 
ties’’—writes Mr. Hopping—‘‘are in the Sequoia National 
Park, and the beetles occur in the Black Oak or Upper Cha- 
parral belt, at an elevation of 4000 to 5000 feet, and so far 


have only been found by digging, or where earth was being 


removed from the upper roadbank.”’ 


394 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Dec., ’06 


Opacus is to be associated with ¢horacicus Csy. and /atus Fall, 
by its form and tarsal structure, but is very different from 
either in its subopaque surface and fine sculpture. 


Pleocoma hoppingi n. sp. 
Male.—Oblong oval, sides of elytra nearly parallel, color above and 


beneath bright reddish brown, shining, head prothorax and underbody 


densely clothed with long fulvous hair. Antennz very nearly as in Azrdi- 


collis, clypeal horn deeply triangularly notched, lateral ante-ocular pro- 
cesses subquadrate, their outer edge parallel with the axis of the body 
(triangular in hirticollis, the external edge strongly oblique) ; vertical 
horn emarginate at tip. Prothorax not quite twice as wide as long, hind 


angles obtuse but fairly distinct, sides before them very slightly convergent 


and just perceptibly sinuate, then rounded and strongly convergent to 
apex; basal margin evenly arcuate from side to side; disk evenly con- 
vex, only slightly flattened anteriorly, surface rather densely coarsely 
punctate at the middle in front, less densely and somewhat more finely 
at sides and posteriorly, a small subimpunctate area each side of the 
middle of the disk. Elytra barely # as wide as long, sutural stria deep, 
geminate striz feeble, punctuation fine and sparse, sides almost smooth. 
The female differs as usual in its larger size and stouter form which is 
wider behind ; the prothorax is glabrous and nearly uniformly punctate 
throughout ; he elytra are more closely and strongly punctate than in 
the male, being virtually as closely and strongly so as the prothorax ; the 
clypeal notch is small, the sides obtusely rounded; the ante-ocular 
processes formed as in the male. 
Length ’, 23-26mm.; 2,30mm. Width mie 13-14 mm. oO 4 20 mm. 


Described from a series taken by Mr. Ralph Hopping on the 


South Fork of the Kaweah River, Cal., and bearing dates 
Jan. 25 and Feb. 4. . 

Because of its octo-lamellate antennz, and closely punctate 
and hairy prothorax, this species is comparable only with 
hirticollis. ‘The latter, as we understand, is a distinctly smaller 
and stouter species, the male always black or nearly so when 
mature, the hair of a paler yellow, prothorax declivous and 
plainly flattened in front, the posterior margin bisinuate, the 
elytra more strongly punctured. ‘There are some discrepancies 
between the original description of Schaufuss and the later 
ones of LeConte and Horn, and there is therefore a possibility 
that our interpretation of hzrticollis is erroneous. In Schau- 
fuss’s description the prothorax is said to be almost three 
times as wide as long, while Horn says ‘‘more than twice as 


ee Se — eS 


Dec., ’06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 395 


wide as long.’’ Asa matter of fact the width is barely twice 
the length in both Azrticollis and hoppingz, and it is probable 
that both authors have given the relative dimensions from a 
vertical view point, in which case there would be considerable 
fore-shortening. I take pleasure in dedicating this fine species 
to friend Hopping, whose explorations in the Californian 
Sierras have brought to light not a few new and interesting 
species. : | 


oe aes 
-o- > 


Notes on Moths. 
By CAROLINE GRAY SOULE. 


At one time there was some discussion of the cause of dif- 
ference in the forms of cocoons of Attacus cecropia, and some 
very positive statement that the baggy cocoon was always 
found low on the shrub or tree and in damp lowland places. 

Last September I found three huge cecropza larvee feeding on 
red-berried elder by the roadside, in a dry, sunny place. ‘They 
were so large that I took them, put them in a large box with 
twigs fastened vertically and horizontally, and the larvee spun 
the next day. | 

One made a normal, slender cocoon on a horizontal twig: 
another made a very baggy cocoon on a vertical twig; the 
third made a rather baggy one, of a green color except on one 
side where the normal brown predominated. ‘This cocoon was 
on a horizontal twig, and against the side of the box. 

On June oth were laid eggs of Hemileuca budleyi from moths 
descended from two pairs of moths received in 1903. 

Their egg-period was 36 days; 1st stage, 7 days; 2d stage, 
5 days; 3rd stage, 8 days; 4th stage, 7 days; 5th stage, 10 
days; 6th stage, 10 days; 7th stage, 16 days, making 63 days 
from egg to cocoon, and a sixth moult, which had not occurred 
in any former brood. Although ‘‘ bred in’’ for three genera- 
tions they were very large, fine specimens, but very slow in all 
their stages. One correspondent, to whom I had sent eggs, 
wrote that his brood left the wild cherry tree on which he had 
placed them, and marched eight or ten feet to a small apple 
tree where he found them feeding and thriving. 


396 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Dec., ’06 


Two 2 Samia cynthia moths mated with ¢ A. promethea, 
and both sets of eggs hatched. The larve throve on wild 
cherry, preferring it to any of the leaves which cynthia prefers 


to cherry—in my experience—yet there was no trace of pro- 


methea in their appearance. ‘Their cocoons are more like those 
of ‘promethea, being smaller, browner, and more slender in 
shape than the usual cyzthza cocoon. 


When a cocoon was nearly finished the larva would crawl 


to the upper end, seize a bunch of the loose threads, at the 
open end, in its mandibles, and, letting go all hold with legs 
and props, ‘‘ pounce down”’ violently, pulling the bunch of 


threadsin and down. ‘Then the larva let go the threads, which 


6c 


remained drawn toward the back, or ‘‘stem’’-side, of the 
cocoon, crawled up to the top and repeated the process until 
all the loose threads had been gathered close to the back of 
the cocoon, and its mouth was closed. I have never seen any 
cynthia larva do this, but I have seen promethea do it. 

Three of the larvze spun cocoons so small that they could 
not turn in them, so backed out, deserted them, and tried 
again. Their silk gave out and they pupated without any 
cocoon, but not perfectly. 

In my experience cynthia larvee will not eat wild cherry if 
they can get anything else, and I have had whole broods starve 
rather than eat it. These hybrids preferred it to everything 
else, except some of Miss Eliot’s lot, which took sassafras. 
Ailanthus I did not have to offer them. 

One 2 cynthia mated 8 promethea but laid no eggs until 
mated with ¢ cynthia after which she oviposited abundantly. 
The larvze were typical cyzthia in appearance, but chose wild 
cherry for food and spun small, slender cocoons like promethea, 

Accidentally three boxes containing these larvee, just ready 
to spin, were put aside reversed, so that the twigs and leaves 
arranged for normal spinning were upside down. Each of the 
six larvae spun a normal cocoon, fastening the leaf-stem to the 
twig as if the twig were uppermost, and wrapping the leaf 
around the cocoon as usual. Yet the spinning had not begun 
when the boxes were set aside. 

Early in August I found hundreds of Dryocampa rubicunda 


Dec., ’06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 397 


larvee crawling, for pupation, on a wooded road. Of the fifty- 
one which I took and which pupated, thirteen gave the moths 
on August 22d-25th. ‘These moths mated and their eggs 
hatched in due time. The other pupz are alive and in good. 
condition, but seem to be waiting for another summer before 
giving the moths, a new experience to me. 


NAMEs OF COLEOPTERA.—In the News of last September I cited 
Aphanotus Lec. as a homonym of Aphanotus Lowe, but did not propose 
a substitute. I am indebted to Dr. D. S. Jordan for the information that 
Lowe’s genus was really Aphanopus, and ‘ Aphanotus,’”’ as given in the 
Nomenclator Zoologicus, is a mistake.—T. D. A. CoOCKERELL. 


REMEDY FOR Mosquitors.—A Memphis (Mo.) man has discovered 
a new way to get rid of mosquitoes. He says to rub alum on your face 
and hands. When the mosquito takes a bite it puckers his buzzer so it 
can’t sting. It sits down in a damp place, tries to dig the pucker loose, 
catches its death of cold, and dies of pneumonia.— Newspaper. 


Twenty-one Mitiion Butrerrires CAuGHT.—Belgrade, Sept. 8— 
Owing to the damage done to crops by butterflies, the Servian Minister 
of the Interior offered four cents for every 500 captured. Although the 
amount appears small, the pursuit of butterflies is profitable, as already 
21,000,000 of them have been tendered for reward. The minister says 
it is cheap to get rid of these millions at a cost of $4,250—Newspaper. 


CERCERIS DESERTA Say.—New Haven, 9, June 27, 1902 (E. J. S. 
Moore) ; 6’, August 16, 1904 (O. H. Walden). Only the <j‘ has hereto- 
fore been known to science. The @ here cited differs from the <j of the 
same place as follows: clypeus produced, the production a little wider 
than long, nearly quadrate, planate, projecting downward and outward 
and forming with the face an angle of about 45°, the anterior margin of 
the projection slightly broadly produced in the middle, clypeal projection 
with a broad transverse yellow band leaving an anterior and posterior 
band of black about half as broad as the yellow lateral face marks, nearly 
an obtuse angled triangle adjoining the eyes, with a rather broad black 
space between them and the yellow clypeal mark and a narrower black 
space between them and the insertion of the antennz ; greater part of 
first dorsal abdominal segment covered with almost semicircular yellow 
marks that almost attain the posterior margin of the segment along their 
diameter and that are separated from each other along the middle line by 
a dark line narrower than the width of the pedicellum ; dorsal abdominal 
bands broader, venter entirely black ; coxze and trochanters almost en- 
tirely black, anterior and middle femora black, tipped with yellowish 
brown, posterior femora pale and dark brown, posterior tibize yellow, 
with the apical third of the posterior aspect brown.—H. L. VIERECK. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 


[The Conductors of ENTOMOLOGICAL News solicit and will thankfully receive items 
of news likely to interest its readers from any source. The author’s name will be given 
in each case, for the information of cataloguers and bibliographers.] 


To Contributors.—All contributions will be considered and passed upon at out 
earliest convenience, and, as far as may be, will be published according to date of recep- 
tion. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEws has reached a circulation, both in numbers and circumfer- 
ence, as to make it necessary to put “‘ copy ”’ into the hands of the printer, for each num- 


ber, three weeks before date of issue. This should be remembered in sending special or — 


important matter for a certain issue. Twenty-five “extras,” without change in form, 
will be given free, when they are wanted ; and this should be so stated on the MS.,, along 
with the number desired. The receipt of all papers will be acknowledged.—Ep. 


PHILADELPHIA, Pa., DECEMBER, 1906. 


To avoid the annoyance and trouble of collecting subserip- 
tions and keeping accounts in the future, all subscriptions to 
this journal will be exacted in advance and the publication 
will be stopped at the expiration of subscriptions. This rule 
will apply to everyone and no exceptions will be made. Sub- 
scription blanks will be placed in this issue for the benefit of 
those who have not paid for the coming year. These blanks 
will also be found in the copies of those who have already re- 
newed for*1907, and are not to be considered bills. 

Another change will be made in the coming volume : a num- 
ber for July* will be published, but none for August or Septem- 
ber. Thete is not the same necessity for the journal during 


the hot collecting months. We will continue to improve the 


NEWS in every way and expect to make it the best journal of 
its kind in the world. We are constantly receiving commen- 
datory letters for our efforts in this direction. Our subscribers 
and well wishers can aid us greatly by helping to increase the 
subscription list, as this will aid us to improve the journal for 
all interested. 


42> 
=—or 


RHABDOPHAGA RIGIDAE.—I am much pleased to see the excellent de- 
scriptions and figures of Cecidomyiide in Dr. Felt’s report for 1905, 
just issued. I notice on p. 122 that Rhabdophaga rigidae appears as a 
“new species,” on the ground that Osten Sacken knew only the gall. 
It may be as well to state, therefore, that in Entomologist, 1890, pp. 
278-270, the gall, larva, pupa-shell and imago are briefly characterized.— 
T. D. A. CocKERELL. 


398 


Dec., 06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 399 


Notes and News. 
ENTOMOLOGICAL GLEANINGS FROM ALL QUARTERS 
OF THE GLOBE. 
Dr. P. P. CALVERT secured a valuable lot of insects on his recent trip 
to Mexico. These are in addition to the Odonata to which he gave espe- 
cial attention. 


WE have recently had a pleasant visit from Mr. T. N, Willing of Re- 
gina, Saskatchewan, Canada. He is doing good work in creating an 
interest in entomology in his district, and is an enthusiastic collector, par- 
ticularly in Lepidoptera and Coleoptera. 


HicHer Criricism.—-Ascum—‘“So you don’t believe the story of the 
fall of man?” Doubter—“Not altogether. I don’t believe there was any 
serpent, although Eve may have honestly thought so. It was probably 
just an apple worm which her fear magnified.” 


“Cyiccers.” Leprus IrrITANS AT CINCINNATI, OnIo.—Ten years 
ago these pests were unknown to me in this locality. Now they have 
become numerous and exceedingly aggressive. While at work in a 
thicket, June 30th, digging up an ant hill and sifting it, I secured a fine 
collection of them, without any effort on my part. I find a preparation 
called “Libradol,” made by Lloyd Bros., Cincinnati, Ohio, a very effec- 
tive and instant relief from the irritation, while a little carbolated 
vaseline quickly heals the pustule which they cause. 


“Here’s to the ‘chigger,’ who grows no bigger 
Than the point of a pin. 

The lump that he raises, itches like blazes, 
And there’s where the rub comes in!” 


—CHARLES Dury. 


PRELIMINARY ANNOUNCEMENT OF ANNUAL MEETING OF ASSOCIA-— 
TION OF Economic ENTOMOLOGIsTs.—The Nineteenth Annual Meeting 
of the Association of Economic Entomologists will be held in New York 
City on Friday and Saturday, December 28 and 29, 1906. More details 
concerning the exact place of meeting, hotel accommodations and rail- 
way rates will be given at a later date. 

It is desired to make this meeting the best in the history of the Asso- 
ciation, both as to attendence and number and quality of the papers pre- 
sented. 

Reports of the Committees on Nomenclature, Testing of Proprietary 
Insecticides and on the National Control of Introduced Pests will be pre- 
sented for the consideration of the Association. If possible, a symposium 
will be arranged on Insect Legislation. 

Kindly forward at once the titles of papers you may wish to present. 
It is suggested that a brief abstract of each paper be sent to the Secre- 
tary, as this can be used by the press and will make the reports of the 
‘meeting more valuable.—A. H. K1rRKLAND, President, No. 6 Beacon St., 
Boston, Mass.; A. F, BurGsss, Secretary, Capitol Bld., Columbus, O. 


400 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Dec., ’06 


UNpER the name Zurypodea fredericki Edw. A. Klages has described 
a remarkable beetle from Suapure, Caura Valley, Venezuela, belonging 
to the group Copres. The single sheet description was published by the 


author. 


<4 
=or 


Entomological Literature. 
TentH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST OF MINNESOTA. 


—Fourth Annual Report of F. L. Washburn. The Diptera of Minne- ~ 


sota. This is a work of one hundred and fifty-five pages and contains 
two plates in color; the second plate is appropriately numbered as to the 
names of the species and the first is not: There are also one hundred 
and sixty-three line and half tone cuts, which are mostly very good. 
The first fourteen pages are devoted to an account of the Diptera, their 
economic importance and their anatomy. Then follows a synopsis, 
after which the body of the work is made up of an account of the 
families and species inhabiting Minnesota. The work will be very 
valuable to the people of the State who care to use it. As a popular 
treatise on the subject it will also be useful to the ame) entomologists 
who do not make a special study of the Order. 


A REVISION OF THE AMERICAN PapiLios.*—-By the Hon. Walter owe 
child, Ph.D., and Karl Jordan, Ph.D. 
This is a work of 333 pages, with six plates and fifty-nine janeee 


and covers North and South America and the adjacent islands. It 


shows very great reseach into the literature of the subject and we 
presume the nomenclatural opinions of the authors will be largely 
followed. There has been no attempt to divide the species into ‘‘ up-to- 
date’’ genera, although this is promised later. We believe the authors 
are unusually qualified to do this in a scientific way as they say ‘‘ classifi- 
cation has always suffered from the habit of systematists of studying the 
systematics of a district rather than concentrating their labors on certain 
families taking into account all the species of the globe.’? We again 
quote as follows: ‘‘ The most interesting general result of our researches 
is perhaps the demonstration of geographical variability in secondary 
sexual characters apart from the genitalia. The occurrence of such 
variability is of great bearing on systematics, since many authors con- 
sider secondary sexual differences to be of generic value.” It should 
not be forgotten that there are two sexes in insects and the student is 
not unlikely to have or obtain but one and a unisexual classification 
won't help him materially, especially in families where there is consider- 
able antigeny. There is much food for thought of very considerable 
interest in the preface. The work as a whole is excellent, and while it 
is quite possible to take exception to the standing accorded a number of 
forms, the subject is one of great difficulty and our knowledge at present 
too limited to speak dogmatically on the subject. Trinomials are used 


? Novitates Zoologicee, xili., ‘No. 3, August, 1906. 


/ 
nae, ee eee ae = 
Tee eer ee Eg a Te 


~~ 


Pa a 


FE Ee er! oo MT ee, 


Dec., ’06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 401 


and varieties are divided into three categories ; the geographical, the 
seasonal and the individual variety. Subspecies is used in the sense of 
essential variety, incipient species or geographical race. It is just here 
that the personal equation: comes in and we are of the opinion that this 
work expresses fairly well the relative value of these forms, or as well 
as may be at the present time, with the knowledge at hand. It will 
probably be of interest to our readers to speak of the treatment of the 
species found from Mexico northward. The name ajax is dropped and 
our species becomes marcedlus marcellus Cram. ; marcellus floridensis 
Holland ; marcellus telamonides Feld. ; marcellus lecontei Rothschild and 
Jordan ; philenor philenor L. and philenor orsua Godman and Salvin. 
Machaon aliaska Scudder, does not differ in any essential way from the 
Asiatic specimens. We have examples from Eagle City, Alaska, and 
Sikhim that are identical. P. polyxenes becomes polyxenes stabilis 
Rothschild and Jordan ; folyxenes asterius Cram. ; polyxenes polyxenes 
Fab., and polyzenes brevicauda Saund. ; pergamus is given subspecific 
- rank. Cvesphontes is considered distinct from ¢hoas, and the latter 
becomes ¢hoas antocles Rothschild and Jordan. T7Zvoz/us is divided into 
troilus troilus L., and troilus texanus Ehrm. Glaucus becomes glaucus 
glaucus L. and glaucus canadensis Rothschild and Jordan.. We may 
mention a few cases where there is much warrant for a difference of 
opinion in regard to the standing of varieties. FP. glaucus might be 
more logically divided into three forms, the very large and dark Florida 
form being of equal value to the boreal. The Cuban folyaenes shows 
almost no difference of moment from specimens found in the United 
States; the latter varying to a wonderful degree. Variety curvifascia is 
said by the authors to occur from New Mexico, to Vera Cruz, Guatemala, 
and West Mexico, a topomorph covering a great extent of territory, yet 
it is not given subspecific value. It seems to differ to a greater degree 
from asferius than does the Cuban polyxenes. Papilio bairdi is given 
specific rank which is very doubtfully the case. It seems much more 
nearly related to polyxenes than is americus Kollar. Variation has not 
been sufficiently studied to permit of an exact nomenclature, and the 
- values of varieties are by no means parallel, and at present it is psycho- 
logical so far as the individual observer is concerned. The authors had 
a wealth of material for study, and the work shows the general result of 
this in its broad treatment. The ¢soas group represents a special study 
and a rather large number of names are proposed. Weare inclined to_ 
‘think many more names could be applied to some of the other species 
on the same principles. Perhaps this would invalidate the argument on 
page 429 in favor of trinomials in preference to citing localities, as the 
locality would be more indicative of what is meant than a name, which 
often indicates an inappreciable difference, difficult or almost impossible 
to express in words. Such works undoubtedly cause an increased inter- 
est in the group or groups treated and mooted points are more likely to 
be elucidated thereby.—H. S. 


402 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS, [Dec., ’06 


’GLI INSETTI, LORO ORGANIZZAZIONE, SVILUPPO, ABITUDINI E RAPPORTI 
CoLL’uomo.—By Prof. Antonio. Berlese, Director of the Royal Sta- 
tion for Agricultural Entomology in Florence. Milan, Societa 
Editrice Libraria, 1906. Published in parts at one lira each. 

With such excellent recent general American books on insects as those 
of Kellogg and of Folsom, it would seem difficult for a book in a foreign 
language to meet any great demand in this country, yet the admirable 
work of Professor Berlese, of which seventeen parts have already been 
published, will undoubtedly prove a very important addition to the libra- 
ries of all institutions in which advanced morphology is being studied and 
in all laboratories in which the study a insects is undertaken from any 
point of view. 

Berlese is a master, a man of broad ideas, thorough training, admirable 
in technic, clear in demonstration, an excellent writer, and a capable 
draftsman. .His work when completed will be both sound and compre- 
hensive. It will comprise two volumes, of which the first will in a general 
way contain the anatomy, and the second the biology of insects. The 
first volume will consist of from seven to eight hundred pages, and will 
be accompanied by about one thousand figures. Of these, 550 pages 
have been published in seventeen parts, and the printed parts contain six 
hundred figures and four plates. . 

The subjects considered in the first volume, by chapters, are: I. Brief 
history of entomology ; II. Size of insects; III. Plan of the insect struc- 
ture; [V. Embryology in general; V. Morphology in general; VI. 
Exoskeleton; VII. Endoskeleton; VIII. Muscular system; IX. Integ- 
ument and its structure; X. Glands. 

There still remain to be published chapters on the nervous ovetilth and. 
organs of sense, organs of digestion, organs of circulation, organs of res- 
piration, organs of secretion, and sexual organs. In the part already 
completed, the chapters on morphology are marvels of detail and thor- 
oughness. The work itself is a large octavo, and more than ninety pages 
are devoted, for example, to the study of exoskeleton of the head, while 
nearly eighty pages are occupied with the treatment of the muscular sys- 
tem. Nearly all of the numerous and strikingly apt illustrations are 
original, having been drawn by Dr. Berlese himself. Each section of the 
work is followed by a very complete bibliography, and the author has 
shown a perfect knowledge of the work of other men, the publications of 
American authors having been considered and studied with a thorough- 
ness quite unusual among European authors. 

The second volume, which has been reserved for the treatment of 
biology of insects, will contain a careful consideration of all questions of 
economic importance, and it will undoubtedly te of interest to learn from 
this work Berlese’s final views on the subject of parasitism, and espe- 
cially the relations of insects and birds, upon which point he has long been 
at odds with other Italian zoologists.—L. O. HowaRD. 


Dec., ’06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 403 


Doings of Societies. 


At the meeting of the Feldman Collecting Social held Sep- 
tember 19, 1906, eight members were present and Mr. Harry 
Kaeber visitor. President Daecke in the chair. 

Mr. Wenzel stated that he had received a postal card from 
Professor Smith from Brussels wishing to be remembered to 
the boys. 

Mr. Harbeck spoke of Zenodera sinensis having been raised 
at Logan. Mr. Schmitz remarked that he also raised the said 
species at West Philadelphia, and that he saw imagos in his 
yard up to about September rst. 

The insects exhibited by Mr. Schmitz at the last meeting 
were identified as Aleurodes vaporariorum Westwood. ‘They 
were found on scarlet sage, of which they had entirely denuded 
the foliage. : 

Mr. Wenzel exhibited work in white pine of Zomzicus pint 
and Pityophthorus sparsus, collected by H. Wenzel, Jr., at 
Pocono Mountain. 

Mr. Harbeck reported that the collecting season was very 
promising up to July 15th, since which time it has been poor. 

Mr. Daecke exhibited a specimen of Fvetria comstockiana 
which he bred from a pine rosin tube. He also exhibited a 
specimen of a Pimpla (Calliephialtes) n. sp., bred from a 
similar rosin tube which is evidently parasitic upon /vefria 
comstockiana. 

Mr. Daecke exhibited specimens of Rhicnoessa albula taken 
at Stone Harbor, N. J. ; one specimen was mounted on white 
ocean sand, from which it was difficult to distinguish with the 


naked eye. 
FRANK HAIMBACH, Secrefary. 


At the meeting of the Feldman Collecting Social held - 
October 17, 1906, at the residence of Mr. H. W. Wenzel, 1523 
South 13th Street, Philadelphia, there were eight members 
present. President Daecke in the chair. 

Mr. Haimbach read an extract from a letter received by him 
from Miss Annette F. Braun, of Cincinnati, Ohio, referring to 
her observations of the Life History of 7, enodera sinensis. 


404, ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Dec., ’06 


Mr. Laurent reported the capture of Pamphila phyleus at 


Mount Airy, Pa., which he said is the second record of capture _ 


of this species for eastern Pennsylvania. He also reported 
capture of Catocala concumbens in Pike County, Pa., which is 
second record for the State of Pennsylvania. 

Mr. Laurent also stated that in the northeastern part of this 


State, locust trees as well as golden rod grow profusely, but - 


he had not seen any specimens of the locust borer Cylene 
robinig in the past season, while in the southeastern part of 
the State the trees were much infested and the insect common, 
Mr. Wenzel read from Dr. Hopkin’s paper on the life hisgeay 
of Cyllene robinie. are 
Mr. Harbeck reported the following Diptera new to New 


Jersey : Frontina aletie Riley taken at Anglesea, June 11, 1905; 


Acemyia dentata Coq. taken at Lucaston, September 9, 1905, 
and Brachycoma sheldont Coq. taken at Trenton, May 23, 1906. 

Mr. Harbeck also reported capture of Frontina setipes Coq. 
at Germantown, Pa., September 24, 1905, described from 
Brookings, South Dakota, ath , 

Dr. Castle exhibited specimens of Pachyscelus purpur 
Say, taken at Glenolden, Pa., and stated that his earliest 
record is April 29th and fant spring record June 12th, and 
that he found the insect common again on September 21st, 
which proves conclusively that there is a second brood. 

Mr. Haimbach exhibited his collection of the Genus Craméus 
taken in Philadelphia, Pa., and southern New Jersey, number- 


ing 22 species, one of hints satrapellus, being new to Nem ; 


Jersey list and one probably new to science. , 
Mr. Daecke exhibited a & Mydas fulvifrons Ill. and a 2 
Mydas chrysostoma O.-S., which were taken in coitu at Stone 
Harbor, N.J., thus estallighime the synonymy of chrysostoma. 
He also stated that the new record for New Jersey of Chrysops 
sordidus O.-S. (meeting of June 27, 1906, published Enr. 
NEws, Oct., 1906) is erroneous, it should read Chrysops cuclux 
Whitney. "There i is no reason, however, why Chrysops sordidus 
O.-S. should not be found in New Jersey. 
FRANK HAIMBACH, Sacveltinspl 


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